Question 1

Which of the following is a true statement about cognitive changes during the first year of life?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychologists generally agree on the ages when children first represent the world conceptually. 
B)  Psychologists generally do not agree that development in the frontal cortex influences a child's ability to understand the world around him. 
C)  Psychologists generally agree that Piaget's reliance on actions as the measure for how much infants understand is valid. 
D)  Psychologists generally do not agree on the ages at which children first represent the world conceptually. 
A)  Psychologists generally agree on the ages when children first represent the world conceptually. 
B)  Psychologists generally do not agree that development in the frontal cortex influences a child's ability to understand the world around him. 
C)  Psychologists generally agree that Piaget's reliance on actions as the measure for how much infants understand is valid. 
D)  Psychologists generally do not agree on the ages at which children first represent the world conceptually.

Question 2

The visual feedback that one gets from moving around is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  social referencing. 
B)  visual proprioception. 
C)  locomotion. 
D)  object permanence. 
A)  social referencing. 
B)  visual proprioception. 
C)  locomotion. 
D)  object permanence.

Question 3

How will 3-month-old infants exposed to picture after picture of vehicles react when they are presented with a picture of a horse and a picture of a fire truck?

Accepted Answer

A)  They will look longer at the fire truck because of its bright colors. 
B)  They will look longer at the fire truck because it is familiar. 
C)  They will look longer at the horse because it does not fit the category of vehicles. 
D)  They will look longer at the horse because they have a preference to look at living things. 
A)  They will look longer at the fire truck because of its bright colors. 
B)  They will look longer at the fire truck because it is familiar. 
C)  They will look longer at the horse because it does not fit the category of vehicles. 
D)  They will look longer at the horse because they have a preference to look at living things.

Question 4

Baillargeon's studies of infant reactions to possible and impossible events increased our understanding of reasoning about nonvisible events because she relied on:

Accepted Answer

A)  motor responses to test reasoning. 
B)  methods that did not require infants to take action. 
C)  primary circular reactions. 
D)  an infant tracking a train through a tunnel. 
A)  motor responses to test reasoning. 
B)  methods that did not require infants to take action. 
C)  primary circular reactions. 
D)  an infant tracking a train through a tunnel.

Question 5

Piaget's standard way of assessing infants' understanding of object permanence was to have them physically search for hidden objects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following statements does not describe current thinking about why infants become more skilled at categorization in the second year of life?

Accepted Answer

A)  They become more attentive to even subtle perceptual cues. 
B)  They gain conceptual understandings that allow them to reason about meaningful properties. 
C)  They become increasingly aware of the relations between features. 
D)  They are born with the ability to perceive physical causality. 
A)  They become more attentive to even subtle perceptual cues. 
B)  They gain conceptual understandings that allow them to reason about meaningful properties. 
C)  They become increasingly aware of the relations between features. 
D)  They are born with the ability to perceive physical causality.

Question 7

What is the typical result when a baby's own assessment of risk conflicts with the caregivers' social signals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Babies listen to their caregivers. 
B)  Babies trust their own instinct. 
C)  Babies attempt to elicit responses from another caregiver. 
D)  Babies freeze unnaturally and do nothing. 
A)  Babies listen to their caregivers. 
B)  Babies trust their own instinct. 
C)  Babies attempt to elicit responses from another caregiver. 
D)  Babies freeze unnaturally and do nothing.

Question 8

There is no need to worry about infants who grow at a delayed rate because they will eventually catch up to their peers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

During the first year, children's heads:

Accepted Answer

A)  change little in size. 
B)  grow to their full adult size. 
C)  grow to be a larger proportion of total body length. 
D)  grow to be a smaller proportion of total body length. 
A)  change little in size. 
B)  grow to their full adult size. 
C)  grow to be a larger proportion of total body length. 
D)  grow to be a smaller proportion of total body length.

Question 10

Studies of motor development highlight the critical role of all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  biological capacities. 
B)  practice. 
C)  cultural expectations. 
D)  sensorimotor intelligence. 
A)  biological capacities. 
B)  practice. 
C)  cultural expectations. 
D)  sensorimotor intelligence.

Question 11

Infants seem to have an easier time reasoning about cause and effect when the objects involved are:

Accepted Answer

A)  real objects. 
B)  simple shapes. 
C)  moving rapidly. 
D)  unfamiliar. 
A)  real objects. 
B)  simple shapes. 
C)  moving rapidly. 
D)  unfamiliar.

Question 12

Common wisdom holds that girls mature faster than boys; research:

Accepted Answer

A)  supports this idea by demonstrating that the growth rate for girls is faster than the growth rate for boys. 
B)  supports this idea by demonstrating that the growth rate for boys is faster than the growth rate for girls. 
C)  refutes this idea by demonstrating that the growth rates for girls is faster than the growth rate for boys. 
D)  refutes this idea by demonstrating that the growth rates for boys is faster than the growth rate for girls. 
A)  supports this idea by demonstrating that the growth rate for girls is faster than the growth rate for boys. 
B)  supports this idea by demonstrating that the growth rate for boys is faster than the growth rate for girls. 
C)  refutes this idea by demonstrating that the growth rates for girls is faster than the growth rate for boys. 
D)  refutes this idea by demonstrating that the growth rates for boys is faster than the growth rate for girls.

Question 13

Children raised in orphanages quickly overcame initial developmental delays if they were adopted before the age of 2 into normal home environments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Children's performance on object permanence tasks can be influenced by changes in task procedures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Infants' tendency to look to their caregiver for an indication of how to feel and act in unfamiliar circumstances is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  social referencing. 
B)  visual proprioception. 
C)  locomotion. 
D)  object permanence. 
A)  social referencing. 
B)  visual proprioception. 
C)  locomotion. 
D)  object permanence.

Question 16

Jim's son, Harry, is 10 months old. Jim is trying to teach Harry to feed himself and has become frustrated because Harry does not want to do anything other than bang the spoon on the table. What should Jim do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Focus on teaching Harry the correct way to grasp the spoon. 
B)  Have Harry practice bringing the spoon to his mouth without spilling. 
C)  Stop having Harry use a spoon, as his manual dexterity will not improve enough for him to feed himself effectively until age 2 
D)  Not be too concerned that Harry is banging on the table as this is a good start on some of the skills that must become more coordinated for Harry to effectively feed himself. 
A)  Focus on teaching Harry the correct way to grasp the spoon. 
B)  Have Harry practice bringing the spoon to his mouth without spilling. 
C)  Stop having Harry use a spoon, as his manual dexterity will not improve enough for him to feed himself effectively until age 2 
D)  Not be too concerned that Harry is banging on the table as this is a good start on some of the skills that must become more coordinated for Harry to effectively feed himself.

Question 17

During the first year of life, Piaget thought children's thinking was ____________, while during the second year of life, they become able to think about ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  tied to the here and now; absent objects 
B)  focused on primary circular reactions; secondary circular reactions 
C)  tied to absent objects; objects in the here and now 
D)  tied to systematic problem solving; pretend play 
A)  tied to the here and now; absent objects 
B)  focused on primary circular reactions; secondary circular reactions 
C)  tied to absent objects; objects in the here and now 
D)  tied to systematic problem solving; pretend play

Question 18

Since many infants in the United States are put to sleep on their backs as a measure to prevent SIDS, pediatricians are recommending "tummy time to play" because it:

Accepted Answer

A)  aids digestion in the early years. 
B)  is a more comfortable position for young infants. 
C)  helps prevent bed sores on the infant's back and bottom. 
D)  helps the development of locomotion. 
A)  aids digestion in the early years. 
B)  is a more comfortable position for young infants. 
C)  helps prevent bed sores on the infant's back and bottom. 
D)  helps the development of locomotion.

Question 19

Studies of children adopted from unstimulating orphanages clearly showed that the children:

Accepted Answer

A)  developed better the longer they remained in the orphanage. 
B)  were more likely to recover if they were adopted by 6 months of age. 
C)  never fully recovered from this early experience. 
D)  were able to fully recover when placed with adoptive families. 
A)  developed better the longer they remained in the orphanage. 
B)  were more likely to recover if they were adopted by 6 months of age. 
C)  never fully recovered from this early experience. 
D)  were able to fully recover when placed with adoptive families.

Question 20

The movement to eradicate SIDS in North America and other areas has led to which of the following unintended consequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in insecure attachments 
B)  an increase in obesity among infants 
C)  a delay in the onset of crawling 
D)  a delay in the development of speech 
A)  an increase in insecure attachments 
B)  an increase in obesity among infants 
C)  a delay in the onset of crawling 
D)  a delay in the development of speech

Which of the following is a true statement about cognitive changes during the first year of life?

The visual feedback that one gets from moving around is called:

How will 3-month-old infants exposed to picture after picture of vehicles react when they are presented with a picture of a horse and a picture of a fire truck?

Baillargeon's studies of infant reactions to possible and impossible events increased our understanding of reasoning about nonvisible events because she relied on:

Piaget's standard way of assessing infants' understanding of object permanence was to have them physically search for hidden objects.

Which of the following statements does not describe current thinking about why infants become more skilled at categorization in the second year of life?

What is the typical result when a baby's own assessment of risk conflicts with the caregivers' social signals?

There is no need to worry about infants who grow at a delayed rate because they will eventually catch up to their peers.

During the first year, children's heads:

Studies of motor development highlight the critical role of all of the following except:

Infants seem to have an easier time reasoning about cause and effect when the objects involved are:

Common wisdom holds that girls mature faster than boys; research:

Children raised in orphanages quickly overcame initial developmental delays if they were adopted before the age of 2 into normal home environments.

Children's performance on object permanence tasks can be influenced by changes in task procedures.

Infants' tendency to look to their caregiver for an indication of how to feel and act in unfamiliar circumstances is referred to as:

Jim's son, Harry, is 10 months old. Jim is trying to teach Harry to feed himself and has become frustrated because Harry does not want to do anything other than bang the spoon on the table. What should Jim do?

During the first year of life, Piaget thought children's thinking was , while during the second year of life, they become able to think about .

Since many infants in the United States are put to sleep on their backs as a measure to prevent SIDS, pediatricians are recommending "tummy time to play" because it:

Studies of children adopted from unstimulating orphanages clearly showed that the children:

The movement to eradicate SIDS in North America and other areas has led to which of the following unintended consequences?

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First 3 Months

Social and Emotional Development in Infancy

Language Acquisition

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As Context for Development

Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence

Filters

Exam 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy

Which of the following is a true statement about cognitive changes during the first year of life?

The visual feedback that one gets from moving around is called:

How will 3-month-old infants exposed to picture after picture of vehicles react when they are presented with a picture of a horse and a picture of a fire truck?

Baillargeon's studies of infant reactions to possible and impossible events increased our understanding of reasoning about nonvisible events because she relied on:

Piaget's standard way of assessing infants' understanding of object permanence was to have them physically search for hidden objects.

Which of the following statements does not describe current thinking about why infants become more skilled at categorization in the second year of life?

What is the typical result when a baby's own assessment of risk conflicts with the caregivers' social signals?

There is no need to worry about infants who grow at a delayed rate because they will eventually catch up to their peers.

During the first year, children's heads:

Studies of motor development highlight the critical role of all of the following except:

Infants seem to have an easier time reasoning about cause and effect when the objects involved are:

Common wisdom holds that girls mature faster than boys; research:

Children raised in orphanages quickly overcame initial developmental delays if they were adopted before the age of 2 into normal home environments.

Children's performance on object permanence tasks can be influenced by changes in task procedures.

Infants' tendency to look to their caregiver for an indication of how to feel and act in unfamiliar circumstances is referred to as:

Jim's son, Harry, is 10 months old. Jim is trying to teach Harry to feed himself and has become frustrated because Harry does not want to do anything other than bang the spoon on the table. What should Jim do?

During the first year of life, Piaget thought children's thinking was ____________, while during the second year of life, they become able to think about ____________.

Since many infants in the United States are put to sleep on their backs as a measure to prevent SIDS, pediatricians are recommending "tummy time to play" because it:

Studies of children adopted from unstimulating orphanages clearly showed that the children:

The movement to eradicate SIDS in North America and other areas has led to which of the following unintended consequences?

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First 3 Months

Social and Emotional Development in Infancy

Language Acquisition

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As Context for Development

Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence

Filters

During the first year of life, Piaget thought children's thinking was , while during the second year of life, they become able to think about .