Question 1

Synapomorphies are:

Accepted Answer

A) shared derived characters. 
B) outgroups used to root a tree. 
C) ingroups used to root a tree. 
D) types of sister groups. 
E) branches on a cladogram. 
A) shared derived characters. 
B) outgroups used to root a tree. 
C) ingroups used to root a tree. 
D) types of sister groups. 
E) branches on a cladogram.

Question 2

The nucleus of plant cells most likely evolved from:

Accepted Answer

A) a chloroplast. 
B) a mitochondrion. 
C) a lysosome. 
D) portions of the plasma membrane. 
E) portions of the vacuole. 
A) a chloroplast. 
B) a mitochondrion. 
C) a lysosome. 
D) portions of the plasma membrane. 
E) portions of the vacuole.

Question 3

Systematics is the science of identifying, naming, and classifying organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Life cycles in which the haploid and diploid forms are similar in external appearance are said to have ______ generations.

Accepted Answer

A) morphospecific 
B) isospecific 
C) isogamous 
D) heteromorphic 
E) isomorphic 
A) morphospecific 
B) isospecific 
C) isogamous 
D) heteromorphic 
E) isomorphic

Question 5

DNA barcoding is used to identify plant species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In secondary endosymbiosis, a ______ is engulfed by a eukaryotic host.

Accepted Answer

A) cyanobacterial cell 
B) mitochondrion 
C) cell containing a primary plastid 
D) cell containing a secondary plastid 
E) cell containing a tertiary plastid 
A) cyanobacterial cell 
B) mitochondrion 
C) cell containing a primary plastid 
D) cell containing a secondary plastid 
E) cell containing a tertiary plastid

Question 7

Which of the following best indicates the correct sequence in which the evolution of these organelles occurred?

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondrion, lysosome, chloroplast 
B) lysosome, mitochondrion, chloroplast 
C) lysosome, chloroplast, mitochondrion 
D) chloroplast, mitochondrion, lysosome 
E) chloroplast, lysosome, mitochondrion 
A) mitochondrion, lysosome, chloroplast 
B) lysosome, mitochondrion, chloroplast 
C) lysosome, chloroplast, mitochondrion 
D) chloroplast, mitochondrion, lysosome 
E) chloroplast, lysosome, mitochondrion

Question 8

The first eukaryotes were probably haploid, asexual organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A eukaryotic, multicellular organism that absorbs its food belongs to the kingdom:

Accepted Answer

A) Protista. 
B) Fungi. 
C) Animalia. 
D) Plantae. 
E) Eukarya. 
A) Protista. 
B) Fungi. 
C) Animalia. 
D) Plantae. 
E) Eukarya.

Question 10

By definition, an endosymbiont is an organism that:

Accepted Answer

A) is a parasite. 
B) is a phagocyte. 
C) lives within another, dissimilar organism. 
D) lives within a nonliving substance. 
E) forms an organelle within the cells of another organism. 
A) is a parasite. 
B) is a phagocyte. 
C) lives within another, dissimilar organism. 
D) lives within a nonliving substance. 
E) forms an organelle within the cells of another organism.

Question 11

In the course of evolution of eukaryotic cells, some mitochondrial DNA was transferred to:

Accepted Answer

A) the host cell's chloroplast. 
B) a bacterial cell. 
C) the host cell's nucleus. 
D) the host cell's plasma membrane. 
E) a plasmid. 
A) the host cell's chloroplast. 
B) a bacterial cell. 
C) the host cell's nucleus. 
D) the host cell's plasma membrane. 
E) a plasmid.

Question 12

The prokaryotic domains are the Bacteria and Archaea.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Researchers now hypothesize that the protists belong to the Kingdom Protista.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

According to the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria evolved from an alpha-proteobacterium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Fungi are more closely related to plants than to animals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

According to the endosymbiotic theory, the evolution of the cytoskeleton and a flexible plasma membrane preceded the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

An outgroup is a group closely related to the study group but not a member of that group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following describes zygotic meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A) It occurs in most plants. 
B) The zygote is the only diploid cell in the life cycle. 
C) It results directly in gametes. 
D) It is characteristic of organisms having an alternation of generations. 
E) It is characteristic of organisms with isomorphic generations. 
A) It occurs in most plants. 
B) The zygote is the only diploid cell in the life cycle. 
C) It results directly in gametes. 
D) It is characteristic of organisms having an alternation of generations. 
E) It is characteristic of organisms with isomorphic generations.

Question 19

The three domains of organisms are the:

Accepted Answer

A) Archaea, Bacteria, and Protista 
B) Bacteria, Eukarya, and Protista 
C) Bacteria, Eukarya, and Fungi 
D) Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya 
E) Archaea, Eukarya, and Fungi 
A) Archaea, Bacteria, and Protista 
B) Bacteria, Eukarya, and Protista 
C) Bacteria, Eukarya, and Fungi 
D) Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya 
E) Archaea, Eukarya, and Fungi

Question 20

The eukaryotes are divided into _____ supergroups.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 6 
E) 7 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 6 
E) 7

Exam 12: Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Synapomorphies are:

The nucleus of plant cells most likely evolved from:

Systematics is the science of identifying, naming, and classifying organisms.

Life cycles in which the haploid and diploid forms are similar in external appearance are said to have ______ generations.

DNA barcoding is used to identify plant species.

In secondary endosymbiosis, a ______ is engulfed by a eukaryotic host.

Which of the following best indicates the correct sequence in which the evolution of these organelles occurred?

The first eukaryotes were probably haploid, asexual organisms.

A eukaryotic, multicellular organism that absorbs its food belongs to the kingdom:

By definition, an endosymbiont is an organism that:

In the course of evolution of eukaryotic cells, some mitochondrial DNA was transferred to:

The prokaryotic domains are the Bacteria and Archaea.

Researchers now hypothesize that the protists belong to the Kingdom Protista.

According to the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria evolved from an alpha-proteobacterium.

Fungi are more closely related to plants than to animals.

According to the endosymbiotic theory, the evolution of the cytoskeleton and a flexible plasma membrane preceded the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts.

An outgroup is a group closely related to the study group but not a member of that group.

Which of the following describes zygotic meiosis?

The three domains of organisms are the:

The eukaryotes are divided into _____ supergroups.

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

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