Question 1

Regarding environmental laws and the U.S. Constitution,________________ .

Accepted Answer

A) the Constitution can be set aside for state environmental laws 
B) fundamental environmental policy is already set forth in the Constitution 
C) in a case of conflict, state laws always take precedence over federal laws and the Constitution 
D) by paying a waiver fee, federal laws can override the Constitution 
E) state laws cannot violate the Constitution 
A) the Constitution can be set aside for state environmental laws 
B) fundamental environmental policy is already set forth in the Constitution 
C) in a case of conflict, state laws always take precedence over federal laws and the Constitution 
D) by paying a waiver fee, federal laws can override the Constitution 
E) state laws cannot violate the Constitution

Question 2

The General Mining Act of 1872 _____________

Accepted Answer

A) allows mining companies to mine land held by private citizens without compensating them 
B) ensures that mining operations would repair and restore an area when they were done 
C) provides no governmental oversight to mining in the United States 
D) provides free equipment to promote mining in the West 
E) has been subjected to major overhauls in the last century 
A) allows mining companies to mine land held by private citizens without compensating them 
B) ensures that mining operations would repair and restore an area when they were done 
C) provides no governmental oversight to mining in the United States 
D) provides free equipment to promote mining in the West 
E) has been subjected to major overhauls in the last century

Question 3

Conventional law arises from _____________

Accepted Answer

A) the distribution and use of pollution permits 
B) treaties between nations 
C) democratic voting procedures 
D) bidding on subsidies 
E) informal agreements reached by multinational corporations 
A) the distribution and use of pollution permits 
B) treaties between nations 
C) democratic voting procedures 
D) bidding on subsidies 
E) informal agreements reached by multinational corporations

Question 4

The role of the United Nations is to ________________

Accepted Answer

A) develop international business cooperatives 
B) make international laws regarding commerce and the environment 
C) regulate international travel, emigration, and immigration among member states 
D) maintain international environmental education standards 
E) cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems 
A) develop international business cooperatives 
B) make international laws regarding commerce and the environment 
C) regulate international travel, emigration, and immigration among member states 
D) maintain international environmental education standards 
E) cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems

Question 5

Environmental policy aims to _____________

Accepted Answer

A) promote economic growth 
B) use natural resources for economically important industrial products 
C) preserve all present natural areas in their pristine condition 
D) protect the values of the landowner 
E) promote fairness among people and groups in the use of resources 
A) promote economic growth 
B) use natural resources for economically important industrial products 
C) preserve all present natural areas in their pristine condition 
D) protect the values of the landowner 
E) promote fairness among people and groups in the use of resources

Question 6

The Supreme Court and lower courts are important for environmental policy because _________________

Accepted Answer

A) they regulate administrative agencies at various levels of government 
B) they preside over lawsuits filed by grassroots and other nongovernmental organizations to correct environmental damage 
C) they allow corporations in the United States to disregard the environmental laws of other countries 
D) the courts mandate that environmental law preempt all other federal laws 
E) their purpose is to assist corporations to negotiate with the legislative branch 
A) they regulate administrative agencies at various levels of government 
B) they preside over lawsuits filed by grassroots and other nongovernmental organizations to correct environmental damage 
C) they allow corporations in the United States to disregard the environmental laws of other countries 
D) the courts mandate that environmental law preempt all other federal laws 
E) their purpose is to assist corporations to negotiate with the legislative branch

Question 7

The first national park in the world was _________________

Accepted Answer

A) Grand Canyon 
B) Yellowstone 
C) Yosemite 
D) Death Valley 
E) Glacier 
A) Grand Canyon 
B) Yellowstone 
C) Yosemite 
D) Death Valley 
E) Glacier

Question 8

Critics of the World Trade Organization ________________

Accepted Answer

A) charge that it gives too much money to environmental causes 
B) discriminates against developing nations 
C) complain that it frequently worsens environmental problems 
D) charge that the WTO's subsidy policies unfairly target poor people 
E) say that the international taxes that it regulates are burdensome to smaller countries 
A) charge that it gives too much money to environmental causes 
B) discriminates against developing nations 
C) complain that it frequently worsens environmental problems 
D) charge that the WTO's subsidy policies unfairly target poor people 
E) say that the international taxes that it regulates are burdensome to smaller countries

Question 9

The Cuyahoga River in Ohio had been so polluted that it caught fire repeatedly from 1868- 1969, including a 1952 fire that resulted in nearly $1.5 million in damages. Amazingly, other rivers in the United States also caught fire during this period. Why didn't federal laws limiting pollution of rivers and streams prevent this pollution and these fires?

Accepted Answer

A) The federal laws preventing water pollution did not apply to Ohio, where this occurred. 
B) There were no federal regulations of water pollution at that time. 
C) The industries that polluted the water had been repeatedly fined for polluting and simply continued to ignore the laws. 
D) This pollution went undetected by agents overwhelmed by the amount of work. 
A) The federal laws preventing water pollution did not apply to Ohio, where this occurred. 
B) There were no federal regulations of water pollution at that time. 
C) The industries that polluted the water had been repeatedly fined for polluting and simply continued to ignore the laws. 
D) This pollution went undetected by agents overwhelmed by the amount of work.

Question 10

National boundaries do not always match environmental boundaries. What does this mean for environmental protection in each country?

Accepted Answer

Countries are often dependent upon each

Question 11

The takings clause of the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states that ________________

Accepted Answer

A) private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation 
B) state entities can take private property for less than market value 
C) the government can cause environmental damage without compensation 
D) private citizens can take value from public land by mining, timbering, or similar activities 
E) natural resources cannot be taken without payment 
A) private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation 
B) state entities can take private property for less than market value 
C) the government can cause environmental damage without compensation 
D) private citizens can take value from public land by mining, timbering, or similar activities 
E) natural resources cannot be taken without payment

Question 12

Enforcement and elaboration of statutory law is given to _________________

Accepted Answer

A) administrative agencies 
B) watchdog groups 
C) the judicial branch 
D) the legislative branch 
E) oversight committees and private citizens 
A) administrative agencies 
B) watchdog groups 
C) the judicial branch 
D) the legislative branch 
E) oversight committees and private citizens

Question 13

Agreements with foreign countries

Accepted Answer

A) environmental clause 
B) treaties 
C) National Environmental Policy Act 
D) policies 
E) western merit laws
F)land use laws
G)tort law
H)executive orders
I)general land ordinances
J)statutory laws
K)congressional acts 
A) environmental clause 
B) treaties 
C) National Environmental Policy Act 
D) policies 
E) western merit laws
F)land use laws
G)tort law
H)executive orders
I)general land ordinances
J)statutory laws
K)congressional acts

Question 14

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question
-Sustainable economic and environmental policies will shift the focus from _________________

Accepted Answer

A) economic growth to the well- being of humans 
B) national economic growth to global economic growth 
C) productivity to economic growth 
D) productivity to profits 
E) sustainability to productivity 
A) economic growth to the well- being of humans 
B) national economic growth to global economic growth 
C) productivity to economic growth 
D) productivity to profits 
E) sustainability to productivity

Question 15

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Wetlands provide a multitude of ecological, economic, and social benefits. They provide habitat for many organisms and are nurseries for many saltwater and freshwater fishes and shellfish. Wetlands also hold and slowly release floodwater and snow melt, recharge groundwater, act as cleansing filters, recycle nutrients, and provide recreation. As of 2000, the contiguous United States was estimated to have about 105 million acres of wetlands remaining. Over the past 60 years, it has lost over 16 million acres of wetlands, and the loss continues at about 58,000 acres annually. Nearly one- third of the loss is due to urban development, with the rest being nearly equally divided between rural development, agriculture, and silviculture (predominantly logging). The southeastern United States is experiencing the greatest losses. The Emergency Wetlands Resources Act (EWR

Accepted Answer

A) of 1986 requires the Fish and Wildlife Service to conduct status and trend studies of the nation's wetlands and to report the results to Congress each decade, with the overall goal being no more net loss of wetlands. EWRA also established Bayou Sauvage National Wildlife Refuge along Lake Ponchartrain in New Orleans, Louisiana.
-According to the scenario, if the United States continues to lose wetlands at an indefinite rate, in approximately what year would the country run out of wetlands? 
A) 2100 
B) 2180 
C) 4522 
D) 3800 
E) 2800 
A) of 1986 requires the Fish and Wildlife Service to conduct status and trend studies of the nation's wetlands and to report the results to Congress each decade, with the overall goal being no more net loss of wetlands. EWRA also established Bayou Sauvage National Wildlife Refuge along Lake Ponchartrain in New Orleans, Louisiana.
-According to the scenario, if the United States continues to lose wetlands at an indefinite rate, in approximately what year would the country run out of wetlands? 
A) 2100 
B) 2180 
C) 4522 
D) 3800 
E) 2800

Question 16

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Wetlands provide a multitude of ecological, economic, and social benefits. They provide habitat for many organisms and are nurseries for many saltwater and freshwater fishes and shellfish. Wetlands also hold and slowly release floodwater and snow melt, recharge groundwater, act as cleansing filters, recycle nutrients, and provide recreation. As of 2000, the contiguous United States was estimated to have about 105 million acres of wetlands remaining. Over the past 60 years, it has lost over 16 million acres of wetlands, and the loss continues at about 58,000 acres annually. Nearly one- third of the loss is due to urban development, with the rest being nearly equally divided between rural development, agriculture, and silviculture (predominantly logging). The southeastern United States is experiencing the greatest losses. The Emergency Wetlands Resources Act (EWR

Accepted Answer

A) of 1986 requires the Fish and Wildlife Service to conduct status and trend studies of the nation's wetlands and to report the results to Congress each decade, with the overall goal being no more net loss of wetlands. EWRA also established Bayou Sauvage National Wildlife Refuge along Lake Ponchartrain in New Orleans, Louisiana.
-Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring, published in the 1960s, _________________ . 
A) was the beginning of the first wave of U.S. environmental policy 
B) awakened the American public to negative effects of artificial hormones 
C) was concerned with birth defects in humans 
D) focused on chemical pollutants, including industrial chemicals 
E) warned of insect pollinator losses through pesticide use 
A) of 1986 requires the Fish and Wildlife Service to conduct status and trend studies of the nation's wetlands and to report the results to Congress each decade, with the overall goal being no more net loss of wetlands. EWRA also established Bayou Sauvage National Wildlife Refuge along Lake Ponchartrain in New Orleans, Louisiana.
-Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring, published in the 1960s, _________________ . 
A) was the beginning of the first wave of U.S. environmental policy 
B) awakened the American public to negative effects of artificial hormones 
C) was concerned with birth defects in humans 
D) focused on chemical pollutants, including industrial chemicals 
E) warned of insect pollinator losses through pesticide use

Question 17

The revolving door ________________

Accepted Answer

A) pairs environmental causes with lobbyists already working on other causes 
B) allows corporate heads to work together on political legislation 
C) is illegal in most states 
D) is the movement of powerful officials between the private sector and government agencies 
E) allows lobbyists to work for many political entities at the same time 
A) pairs environmental causes with lobbyists already working on other causes 
B) allows corporate heads to work together on political legislation 
C) is illegal in most states 
D) is the movement of powerful officials between the private sector and government agencies 
E) allows lobbyists to work for many political entities at the same time

Question 18

Statutory laws are passed by ________________

Accepted Answer

A) federal preemption 
B) the president of the United States 
C) CEOs 
D) the legislative branch 
E) voters 
A) federal preemption 
B) the president of the United States 
C) CEOs 
D) the legislative branch 
E) voters

Question 19

Rules or guidelines intended to address a problem or guide decision making

Accepted Answer

A) environmental clause 
B) treaties 
C) National Environmental Policy Act 
D) policies 
E) western merit laws
F)land use laws
G)tort law
H)executive orders
I)general land ordinances
J)statutory laws
K)congressional acts 
A) environmental clause 
B) treaties 
C) National Environmental Policy Act 
D) policies 
E) western merit laws
F)land use laws
G)tort law
H)executive orders
I)general land ordinances
J)statutory laws
K)congressional acts

Question 20

To control pollution, industry has been given limits and been threatened with punishment if these limits are violated. This approach is called _________________

Accepted Answer

A) last chance 
B) command- and- control 
C) end of the alley 
D) limit and manage 
E) carrot and stick 
A) last chance 
B) command- and- control 
C) end of the alley 
D) limit and manage 
E) carrot and stick

Exam 7: Environmental Policy: Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Regarding environmental laws and the U.S. Constitution,________________ .

The General Mining Act of 1872 _____________

Conventional law arises from _____________

The role of the United Nations is to ________________

Environmental policy aims to _____________

The Supreme Court and lower courts are important for environmental policy because _________________

The first national park in the world was _________________

Critics of the World Trade Organization ________________

National boundaries do not always match environmental boundaries. What does this mean for environmental protection in each country?

The takings clause of the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states that ________________

Enforcement and elaboration of statutory law is given to _________________

Agreements with foreign countries

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question -Sustainable economic and environmental policies will shift the focus from _________________

The revolving door ________________

Statutory laws are passed by ________________

Rules or guidelines intended to address a problem or guide decision making

To control pollution, industry has been given limits and been threatened with punishment if these limits are violated. This approach is called _________________

Science and Sustainability: an Introduction to Environmental Science

Earths Physical Systems: Matter, Energy, and Geology

Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Environmental Systems and Ecosystem Ecology

Ethics, Economics, and Sustainable Development

Human Population

Soil and Agriculture

Agriculture, Biotechnology, and the Future of Food

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Forests, Forest Management, and Protected Areas

The Urban Environment: Creating Sustainable Cities

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Freshwater Systems and Resources

Marine and Coastal Systems and Resources

Atmospheric Science, Air Quality, and Pollution Control

Global Climate Change

Fossil Fuels, Their Impacts, and Energy Conservation

Conventional Energy Alternatives

New Renewable Energy Alternatives

Managing Our Waste

Minerals and Mining

Sustainable Solutions

Filters