Question 1

Flying squirrels competing with each other for truffles is an example of ______________

Accepted Answer

A) intraspecific competition 
B) habitat competition 
C) interference competition 
D) exploitation competition 
E) interspecific competition 
A) intraspecific competition 
B) habitat competition 
C) interference competition 
D) exploitation competition 
E) interspecific competition A

Question 2

Taiga and tundra both _______________

Accepted Answer

A) lack many birds 
B) have comparatively low temperatures throughout the year 
C) lack trees 
D) are found in the southeastern United States 
E) have many burrowing rodents 
A) lack many birds 
B) have comparatively low temperatures throughout the year 
C) lack trees 
D) are found in the southeastern United States 
E) have many burrowing rodents B

Question 3

A climax community .

Accepted Answer

A) describes aquatic biomes 
B) describes terrestrial biomes 
C) remains in place until a disturbance restarts succession 
D) has the lowest biodiversity of all stages of succession 
E) is typical of the first stages of secondary succession 
A) describes aquatic biomes 
B) describes terrestrial biomes 
C) remains in place until a disturbance restarts succession 
D) has the lowest biodiversity of all stages of succession 
E) is typical of the first stages of secondary succession C

Question 4

In the rain shadow effect,______________ .

Accepted Answer

A) the dry region is on the windward side of a mountain 
B) the wet region is determined by the location of jet stream 
C) rainfall varies, but always falls in shadow areas 
D) the dry region is on the leeward side of a mountain 
E) rainfall fluctuates, arriving in equal amounts on both sides 
A) the dry region is on the windward side of a mountain 
B) the wet region is determined by the location of jet stream 
C) rainfall varies, but always falls in shadow areas 
D) the dry region is on the leeward side of a mountain 
E) rainfall fluctuates, arriving in equal amounts on both sides

Question 5

Describes the terrestrial biome bordering the Mediterranean Sea; characterized by wet winters and warm dry summers

Accepted Answer

A) tropical rainforest 
B) temperate deciduous forest 
C) tropical dry forest 
D) temperate grassland 
E) boreal forest
F)savanna
G)chaparral
H)desert
I)temperate rainforest 
A) tropical rainforest 
B) temperate deciduous forest 
C) tropical dry forest 
D) temperate grassland 
E) boreal forest
F)savanna
G)chaparral
H)desert
I)temperate rainforest

Question 6

Benthic organisms in the Great Lakes ______________

Accepted Answer

A) include zebra mussels 
B) benefit from the presence of zebra mussels 
C) include phytoplankton 
D) live near the water's surface 
E) are harmed by the presence of zebra mussels 
A) include zebra mussels 
B) benefit from the presence of zebra mussels 
C) include phytoplankton 
D) live near the water's surface 
E) are harmed by the presence of zebra mussels

Question 7

By definition, parasites ______________ their host.

Accepted Answer

A) are much smaller than 
B) kill 
C) never kill 
D) get nourishment from and harm 
E) live on the external surface of 
A) are much smaller than 
B) kill 
C) never kill 
D) get nourishment from and harm 
E) live on the external surface of

Question 8

Give an example of how an invasive species can cause ecological or economic harm.

Accepted Answer

Lacking predators, parasites, and/or com

Question 9

Describes an equatorial zone with moderate precipitation that fluctuates seasonally; characterized by warm temperatures year round

Accepted Answer

A) tropical rainforest 
B) temperate deciduous forest 
C) tropical dry forest 
D) temperate grassland 
E) boreal forest
F)savanna
G)chaparral
H)desert
I)temperate rainforest 
A) tropical rainforest 
B) temperate deciduous forest 
C) tropical dry forest 
D) temperate grassland 
E) boreal forest
F)savanna
G)chaparral
H)desert
I)temperate rainforest

Question 10

List the three major trophic categories in a food web. What types of organisms are found in each level? Where are the autotrophs and heterotrophs found in a food web? Discuss the significance of each level for the integral functioning of the food web.

Accepted Answer

The three major trophic categories are p

Question 11

Describes biome in the eastern United States, north central Europe, and eastern China; characterized by stable precipitation and seasonal temperature variation

Accepted Answer

A) tropical rainforest 
B) temperate deciduous forest 
C) tropical dry forest 
D) temperate grassland 
E) boreal forest
F)savanna
G)chaparral
H)desert
I)temperate rainforest 
A) tropical rainforest 
B) temperate deciduous forest 
C) tropical dry forest 
D) temperate grassland 
E) boreal forest
F)savanna
G)chaparral
H)desert
I)temperate rainforest

Question 12

Describe the major factors that influence the process of change during primary succession on bare rock exposed by a retreating glacier.

Accepted Answer

Primary succession will result where a m

Question 13

Read the following scenario and answer the question below
Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion, farming, and deforestation, are known to increase the levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides in our atmosphere. Measurable warming of Earth due to these greenhouse gases can alter ecosystem dynamics. In addition to the direct climatic effects on organisms within biomes, warming can lower levels of sea ice and increase precipitation in Arctic areas. Global warming also can melt permafrost in the tundra and increase sea surface temperatures, which could increase the intensity of hurricanes in vulnerable areas. Within communities, climatic change can shift interdependent species "out of sync," potentially causing indirect loss of species. For example, if pollinators and the plants they pollinate become out of synch, the pollinators may not be able to use a different food source, and the plants may not be able to reproduce.
-Global warming has been hypothesized to cause many plants to flower earlier. If bees search for food earlier in response to this, this would represent _______________ within the community.

Accepted Answer

A) extirpation 
B) secondary succession 
C) coevolution 
D) climax 
E) primary succession 
A) extirpation 
B) secondary succession 
C) coevolution 
D) climax 
E) primary succession

Question 14

Which of the following is a biotic factor?

Accepted Answer

A) carbon and nitrogen levels 
B) sunlight 
C) bacteria 
D) temperature 
E) rainfall 
A) carbon and nitrogen levels 
B) sunlight 
C) bacteria 
D) temperature 
E) rainfall

Question 15

Zebra mussels _______________

Accepted Answer

A) excrete waste that facilitates algae blooms and subsequent eutrophication of lakes 
B) are presently restricted to the Great Lakes and Hudson River, but they are expected to spread rapidly in the near future 
C) were introduced into the United States in the early 1900s 
D) are native to Canada 
E) are an invasive exotic species that clogs water intake pipes at factories, power plants, and wastewater treatment facilities 
A) excrete waste that facilitates algae blooms and subsequent eutrophication of lakes 
B) are presently restricted to the Great Lakes and Hudson River, but they are expected to spread rapidly in the near future 
C) were introduced into the United States in the early 1900s 
D) are native to Canada 
E) are an invasive exotic species that clogs water intake pipes at factories, power plants, and wastewater treatment facilities

Question 16

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question.
-_____________ is/are greater at higher elevations than lower elevations.

Accepted Answer

A) Temperature 
B) Air pressure 
C) Ultraviolet radiation 
D) Oxygen levels 
E) Evaporation rates 
A) Temperature 
B) Air pressure 
C) Ultraviolet radiation 
D) Oxygen levels 
E) Evaporation rates

Question 17

A trophic cascade is the effect of the loss of ______________ on ______________ .

Accepted Answer

A) flooding; terrestrial ecosystems 
B) top consumers; the abundance of lower consumers and producers 
C) top consumers; one another 
D) producers; the abundance of primary consumers 
E) detritivores; the abundance of decomposers 
A) flooding; terrestrial ecosystems 
B) top consumers; the abundance of lower consumers and producers 
C) top consumers; one another 
D) producers; the abundance of primary consumers 
E) detritivores; the abundance of decomposers

Question 18

Briefly describe what is meant by the term pioneer species. Identify the general characteristics of pioneer species, and give examples of pioneer species.

Accepted Answer

Pioneer species are among the first to c

Question 19

Detritivores include _______________

Accepted Answer

A) wolves and lions 
B) millipedes, soil insects, and many ants 
C) algae and photosynthetic bacteria 
D) species that can break down cellulose, bone, and other durable biopolymers 
E) oak and poplar trees 
A) wolves and lions 
B) millipedes, soil insects, and many ants 
C) algae and photosynthetic bacteria 
D) species that can break down cellulose, bone, and other durable biopolymers 
E) oak and poplar trees

Question 20

Read the following scenario and answer the question below
Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion, farming, and deforestation, are known to increase the levels of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides in our atmosphere. Measurable warming of Earth due to these greenhouse gases can alter ecosystem dynamics. In addition to the direct climatic effects on organisms within biomes, warming can lower levels of sea ice and increase precipitation in Arctic areas. Global warming also can melt permafrost in the tundra and increase sea surface temperatures, which could increase the intensity of hurricanes in vulnerable areas. Within communities, climatic change can shift interdependent species "out of sync," potentially causing indirect loss of species. For example, if pollinators and the plants they pollinate become out of synch, the pollinators may not be able to use a different food source, and the plants may not be able to reproduce.
-If the climate warms significantly, tundra permafrost may melt, which may lead to ______________ the community.

Accepted Answer

A) succession occurring in 
B) pioneer species colonizing 
C) facilitation occurring in 
D) coevolution occurring in 
E) climax occurring in 
A) succession occurring in 
B) pioneer species colonizing 
C) facilitation occurring in 
D) coevolution occurring in 
E) climax occurring in

Exam 4: Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Flying squirrels competing with each other for truffles is an example of ______________

Taiga and tundra both _______________

A climax community .

In the rain shadow effect,______________ .

Describes the terrestrial biome bordering the Mediterranean Sea; characterized by wet winters and warm dry summers

Benthic organisms in the Great Lakes ______________

By definition, parasites ______________ their host.

Give an example of how an invasive species can cause ecological or economic harm.

Describes an equatorial zone with moderate precipitation that fluctuates seasonally; characterized by warm temperatures year round

List the three major trophic categories in a food web. What types of organisms are found in each level? Where are the autotrophs and heterotrophs found in a food web? Discuss the significance of each level for the integral functioning of the food web.

Describes biome in the eastern United States, north central Europe, and eastern China; characterized by stable precipitation and seasonal temperature variation

Describe the major factors that influence the process of change during primary succession on bare rock exposed by a retreating glacier.

Which of the following is a biotic factor?

Zebra mussels _______________

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question. -_____________ is/are greater at higher elevations than lower elevations.

A trophic cascade is the effect of the loss of ______________ on ______________ .

Briefly describe what is meant by the term pioneer species. Identify the general characteristics of pioneer species, and give examples of pioneer species.

Detritivores include _______________

Science and Sustainability: an Introduction to Environmental Science

Earths Physical Systems: Matter, Energy, and Geology

Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology

Environmental Systems and Ecosystem Ecology

Ethics, Economics, and Sustainable Development

Environmental Policy: Making Decisions and Solving Problems

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Agriculture, Biotechnology, and the Future of Food

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Forests, Forest Management, and Protected Areas

The Urban Environment: Creating Sustainable Cities

Environmental Health and Toxicology

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Global Climate Change

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A trophic cascade is the effect of the loss of on .