Question 1

A lamella is

Accepted Answer

A)  in a young bone, the site of growth in length 
B)  a structural unit of compact bone 
C)  a ring of matrix 
D)  a region of bone that contains red bone marrow 
A)  in a young bone, the site of growth in length 
B)  a structural unit of compact bone 
C)  a ring of matrix 
D)  a region of bone that contains red bone marrow

Question 2

The hardness of bone is due to crystallized inorganic mineral salts such as calcium phosphate. The flexibility and tensile strength of bone are due to organic molecules such as collagen fibers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
C)  The first statement is false; the second is true. 
D)  Both statements are false. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  The first statement is true; the second is false. 
C)  The first statement is false; the second is true. 
D)  Both statements are false.

Question 3

A major change in bone tissue that occurs with aging and that leads to increased brittleness is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  demineralization 
B)  decreased protein synthesis 
C)  increased bone remodeling 
D)  all of these choices 
A)  demineralization 
B)  decreased protein synthesis 
C)  increased bone remodeling 
D)  all of these choices

Question 4

Which of the following is not true of periosteum?

Accepted Answer

A)  It consists of two layers, the inner osteogenic and outer fibrous layers. 
B)  It assists in fracture repair. 
C)  It covers and protects the articular cartilages. 
D)  It serves as a point of attachment for tendons and ligaments. 
A)  It consists of two layers, the inner osteogenic and outer fibrous layers. 
B)  It assists in fracture repair. 
C)  It covers and protects the articular cartilages. 
D)  It serves as a point of attachment for tendons and ligaments.

Question 5

Osteopenia is a decrease in bone mass below normal, as occurs in osteoporosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Appearance of the epiphyseal line means

Accepted Answer

A)  the end of lengthwise growth of that bone 
B)  total replacement of epiphyseal plate by bone 
C)  all chondrocytes of the epiphyseal plate are dead 
D)  all of these choices 
A)  the end of lengthwise growth of that bone 
B)  total replacement of epiphyseal plate by bone 
C)  all chondrocytes of the epiphyseal plate are dead 
D)  all of these choices

Question 7

A good description of a medullary (marrow) cavity is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  is located in spaces between trabeculae 
B)  allows movement of nutrients between osteocytes 
C)  is a region of bone that contains yellow bone marrow 
D)  is a region of bone that contains red bone marrow 
A)  is located in spaces between trabeculae 
B)  allows movement of nutrients between osteocytes 
C)  is a region of bone that contains yellow bone marrow 
D)  is a region of bone that contains red bone marrow

Question 8

For bones to unite properly, the fractured ends must be brought into alignment. In _____, the fractured ends of a bone are brought into alignment by manual manipulation, and the skin remains intact. In _____, the fractured ends of a bone are brought into alignment by a surgical procedure using internal fixation devices.

Accepted Answer

closed red

Question 9

In aging females, decreasing levels of estrogen accelerate the loss of _____ from bone tissue.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In aging females, decreasing levels of estrogen...

Question 10

Functions of the skeletal system do NOT include

Accepted Answer

A)  protection of vital organs such as heart, lungs, and brain 
B)  blood cell production 
C)  control of body temperature 
D)  energy storage in the form of adipose tissue 
A)  protection of vital organs such as heart, lungs, and brain 
B)  blood cell production 
C)  control of body temperature 
D)  energy storage in the form of adipose tissue

Question 11

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for developing Osteoporosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Briefly describe the structure and function of each of the four zones of cartilage of the epiphyseal plate.

Accepted Answer

1. Resting: small, scattered chondrocyte

Question 13

The nutrient artery of a long bone

Accepted Answer

A)  divides into branches that supply the marrow and the inner portion of the diaphysis 
B)  travels through Volkmann's (perforating) canals 
C)  supplies the marrow and bony tissue of the epiphysis 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  divides into branches that supply the marrow and the inner portion of the diaphysis 
B)  travels through Volkmann's (perforating) canals 
C)  supplies the marrow and bony tissue of the epiphysis 
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

As a long bone grows in length, new cartilage cells are produced on the epiphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate and bone replaces cartilage on the diaphyseal side of the plate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a condyle?

Accepted Answer

A)  prominent border or ridge 
B)  large, rounded, usually roughened surface for muscle attachment 
C)  large projection for muscle attachment on the femur 
D)  smooth, flat surface 
E)  rounded articular surface 
A)  prominent border or ridge 
B)  large, rounded, usually roughened surface for muscle attachment 
C)  large projection for muscle attachment on the femur 
D)  smooth, flat surface 
E)  rounded articular surface

Question 16

According to shape classification, the phalanges of the fingers and toes are _____ bones.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to shape classification, the phalanges of...

Question 17

The lifelong replacement and redistribution of bone matrix is referred to as _____ __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The lifelong replacement and redistribution of bone...

Question 18

Which of the following is a true statement about bone surface markings?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most are not present at birth but develop as forces are exerted on bones and are most prominent during adult life. 
B)  Processes and outgrowths are the result of tension from tendons and ligaments on the periosteum of a bone. 
C)  Surface markings on skeletal remains may provide information related to age and sex. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  Most are not present at birth but develop as forces are exerted on bones and are most prominent during adult life. 
B)  Processes and outgrowths are the result of tension from tendons and ligaments on the periosteum of a bone. 
C)  Surface markings on skeletal remains may provide information related to age and sex. 
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 19

Following completion of ossification, bone replacement occurs only if bone tissue is injured.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a trochanter?

Accepted Answer

A)  prominent border or ridge 
B)  large, rounded, usually roughened surface for muscle attachment 
C)  large projection for muscle attachment on the femur 
D)  smooth, flat surface 
E)  rounded articular surface 
A)  prominent border or ridge 
B)  large, rounded, usually roughened surface for muscle attachment 
C)  large projection for muscle attachment on the femur 
D)  smooth, flat surface 
E)  rounded articular surface

Exam 6: Bone Tissue

A lamella is

The hardness of bone is due to crystallized inorganic mineral salts such as calcium phosphate. The flexibility and tensile strength of bone are due to organic molecules such as collagen fibers.

A major change in bone tissue that occurs with aging and that leads to increased brittleness is _____.

Which of the following is not true of periosteum?

Osteopenia is a decrease in bone mass below normal, as occurs in osteoporosis.

Appearance of the epiphyseal line means

A good description of a medullary (marrow) cavity is that it

In aging females, decreasing levels of estrogen accelerate the loss of _____ from bone tissue.

Functions of the skeletal system do NOT include

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for developing Osteoporosis.

Briefly describe the structure and function of each of the four zones of cartilage of the epiphyseal plate.

The nutrient artery of a long bone

As a long bone grows in length, new cartilage cells are produced on the epiphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate and bone replaces cartilage on the diaphyseal side of the plate.

Which of the following best describes a condyle?

According to shape classification, the phalanges of the fingers and toes are _____ bones.

The lifelong replacement and redistribution of bone matrix is referred to as _____ __________.

Which of the following is a true statement about bone surface markings?

Following completion of ossification, bone replacement occurs only if bone tissue is injured.

Which of the following best describes a trochanter?

An Introduction to the Human Body

Cells

Tissues

Development

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System: the Axial Skeleton

The Skeletal System: the Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscular Tissue

The Muscular System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic Lymphoid System and Immunity

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord and the Spinal Nerves

The Brain and the Cranial Nerves

The Autonomic Nervous System

Somatic Senses and Motor Control

Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Urinary System

The Reproductive Systems

Surface Anatomy

Filters

The lifelong replacement and redistribution of bone matrix is referred to as _ ______.