Question 1

Which type of bone cell is a large cell that forms from fusion of several precursor cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteochondral progenitor cell 
B)  Osteoblast 
C)  Osteocyte 
D)  Osteoclast 
A)  Osteochondral progenitor cell 
B)  Osteoblast 
C)  Osteocyte 
D)  Osteoclast

Question 2

How does the nervous system contribute to homeostasis in individuals suffering from osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Address inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet. 
B)  Stimulate exercise to reduce muscle stress on bone. 
C)  The sense of pain following injury helps prevent further injury. 
D)  Inhibit blood clotting to halt the repair process. 
E)  Reduce calcitonin secretion. 
A)  Address inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet. 
B)  Stimulate exercise to reduce muscle stress on bone. 
C)  The sense of pain following injury helps prevent further injury. 
D)  Inhibit blood clotting to halt the repair process. 
E)  Reduce calcitonin secretion.

Question 3

Sally has elevated blood calcium levels. Which substance would you expect to find in high levels in response to this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Growth hormone 
B)  Sex hormones 
C)  Parathyroid hormone 
D)  Calcitonin 
E)  Vitamin D 
A)  Growth hormone 
B)  Sex hormones 
C)  Parathyroid hormone 
D)  Calcitonin 
E)  Vitamin D

Question 4

Arrange the following events of endochondral ossification in the proper sequence:
(1) Cartilage matrix is calcified and chondrocytes die.
(2) Chondrocytes hypertrophy.
(3) Cartilage model is formed.
(4) Osteoblasts deposit bone on the surface of the calcified cartilage of the primary ossification center.
(5) Blood vessels from the periosteum invade calcified cartilage bringing in osteoblasts and osteoclasts.

Accepted Answer

A)  3, 2, 1, 5, 4 
B)  3, 2, 5, 4, 1 
C)  3, 2, 5, 1, 4 
D)  3, 5, 2, 4, 1 
E)  1, 3, 4, 5, 2 
A)  3, 2, 1, 5, 4 
B)  3, 2, 5, 4, 1 
C)  3, 2, 5, 1, 4 
D)  3, 5, 2, 4, 1 
E)  1, 3, 4, 5, 2

Question 5

The processes of intramembranous and endochondral ossification are similar in several respects. Which of the following statements applies to both intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both processes form woven bone. 
B)  Both processes require a precursor of connective tissue membranes. 
C)  In both processes, bone replaces cartilage. 
D)  Both only form flat bones. 
E)  Chondrocytes participate in both processes. 
A)  Both processes form woven bone. 
B)  Both processes require a precursor of connective tissue membranes. 
C)  In both processes, bone replaces cartilage. 
D)  Both only form flat bones. 
E)  Chondrocytes participate in both processes.

Question 6

Osteomyelitis is

Accepted Answer

A)  bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection. 
B)  a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix. 
C)  a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion. 
D)  a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones. 
E)  a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs because of insufficient collagen development. 
A)  bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection. 
B)  a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix. 
C)  a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion. 
D)  a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones. 
E)  a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs because of insufficient collagen development.

Question 7

Name the air-filled spaces lined by mucous membranes found within flat and irregular bones.

Accepted Answer

A)  Foramina 
B)  Medullary cavities 
C)  Sinuses 
D)  Short bone 
A)  Foramina 
B)  Medullary cavities 
C)  Sinuses 
D)  Short bone

Question 8

The flat bones of the skull develop from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hyaline cartilage 
B)  areolar tissue 
C)  compact bone 
D)  fibrous connective tissue 
E)  fibrocartilage 
A)  hyaline cartilage 
B)  areolar tissue 
C)  compact bone 
D)  fibrous connective tissue 
E)  fibrocartilage

Question 9

-What does structure "A" represent on the bone diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spongy bone 
B)  Diaphysis 
C)  Epiphyseal lines 
D)  Articular cartilage 
E)  Epiphysis 
A)  Spongy bone 
B)  Diaphysis 
C)  Epiphyseal lines 
D)  Articular cartilage 
E)  Epiphysis

Question 10

Which of the following is true of the condition osteomyelitis? (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  It is caused by the normal skin bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus. 
B)  The condition involves inflammation of the bone, which is stimulated by osteoblasts releasing the chemical RANKL. 
C)  Osteoclasts are inhibited by the bacterium that causes the condition. 
D)  Prognosis for those affected is poor, even with excellent medical care. 
A)  It is caused by the normal skin bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus. 
B)  The condition involves inflammation of the bone, which is stimulated by osteoblasts releasing the chemical RANKL. 
C)  Osteoclasts are inhibited by the bacterium that causes the condition. 
D)  Prognosis for those affected is poor, even with excellent medical care.

Question 11

When blood vessels become surrounded by concentric lamella forming osteons, the bone will grow in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  length 
B)  diameter 
C)  the epiphyseal plate 
D)  the articular cartilage 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  length 
B)  diameter 
C)  the epiphyseal plate 
D)  the articular cartilage 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 12

Which of the following membranes covers the surface of a mature bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Perimysium 
B)  Perichondrium 
C)  Peritendineum 
D)  Peritoneum 
E)  Periosteum 
A)  Perimysium 
B)  Perichondrium 
C)  Peritendineum 
D)  Peritoneum 
E)  Periosteum

Question 13

Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chondroclast 
B)  Osteoclast 
C)  Chondroblast 
D)  Fibroblast 
E)  Osteocyte 
A)  Chondroclast 
B)  Osteoclast 
C)  Chondroblast 
D)  Fibroblast 
E)  Osteocyte

Question 14

The radiologist informs Matthew that his fracture has not penetrated the skin, meaning Matthew has a/an ________ fracture.

Accepted Answer

A)  open 
B)  closed 
C)  displaced 
D)  composite 
E)  irregular 
A)  open 
B)  closed 
C)  displaced 
D)  composite 
E)  irregular

Question 15

Identify the components of the skeletal system. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Bones 
B)  Cartilage 
C)  Ligaments 
D)  Muscles 
E)  Tendons 
A)  Bones 
B)  Cartilage 
C)  Ligaments 
D)  Muscles 
E)  Tendons

Question 16

-What does structure "E" represent on the bone diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spongy bone 
B)  Diaphysis 
C)  Epiphyseal lines 
D)  Articular cartilage 
E)  Epiphysis 
A)  Spongy bone 
B)  Diaphysis 
C)  Epiphyseal lines 
D)  Articular cartilage 
E)  Epiphysis

Question 17

Important functions of the skeletal system include

Accepted Answer

A)  protection of the brain and soft organs. 
B)  storage of water. 
C)  production of Vitamin E. 
D)  regulation of acid-base balance. 
E)  integration of other systems. 
A)  protection of the brain and soft organs. 
B)  storage of water. 
C)  production of Vitamin E. 
D)  regulation of acid-base balance. 
E)  integration of other systems.

Question 18

The most common bone disease is osteoporosis. The most common consequence of this disease is

Accepted Answer

A)  fractures. 
B)  bone thickening. 
C)  luxations and subluxations. 
D)  fusion of bones. 
E)  remodeling of bone. 
A)  fractures. 
B)  bone thickening. 
C)  luxations and subluxations. 
D)  fusion of bones. 
E)  remodeling of bone.

Exam 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Which type of bone cell is a large cell that forms from fusion of several precursor cells?

How does the nervous system contribute to homeostasis in individuals suffering from osteoporosis?

Sally has elevated blood calcium levels. Which substance would you expect to find in high levels in response to this condition?

The processes of intramembranous and endochondral ossification are similar in several respects. Which of the following statements applies to both intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification?

Osteomyelitis is

Name the air-filled spaces lined by mucous membranes found within flat and irregular bones.

The flat bones of the skull develop from ________.

-What does structure "A" represent on the bone diagram?

Which of the following is true of the condition osteomyelitis? (Check all that apply.)

When blood vessels become surrounded by concentric lamella forming osteons, the bone will grow in ________.

Which of the following membranes covers the surface of a mature bone?

Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?

The radiologist informs Matthew that his fracture has not penetrated the skin, meaning Matthew has a/an ________ fracture.

Identify the components of the skeletal system. (Check all that apply.)

-What does structure "E" represent on the bone diagram?

Important functions of the skeletal system include

The most common bone disease is osteoporosis. The most common consequence of this disease is

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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