Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Support 
B)  Movement 
C)  Immunity 
D)  Calcium storage 
E)  Blood cell formation 
A)  Support 
B)  Movement 
C)  Immunity 
D)  Calcium storage 
E)  Blood cell formation

Question 2

The sequence of events that produces growth at the epiphyseal plate is

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertrophy, proliferation, calcification, ossification, and remodeling. 
B)  proliferation, hypertrophy, cell death, calcification, ossification, and remodeling. 
C)  hypertrophy, calcification, proliferation, cell death, ossification, and remodeling. 
D)  calcification, hypertrophy, proliferation, ossification, cell death, and remodeling. 
E)  proliferation, hypertrophy, calcification, cell death, ossification, and remodeling. 
A)  hypertrophy, proliferation, calcification, ossification, and remodeling. 
B)  proliferation, hypertrophy, cell death, calcification, ossification, and remodeling. 
C)  hypertrophy, calcification, proliferation, cell death, ossification, and remodeling. 
D)  calcification, hypertrophy, proliferation, ossification, cell death, and remodeling. 
E)  proliferation, hypertrophy, calcification, cell death, ossification, and remodeling.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of how the endocrine system affects osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is impacted by inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet. 
B)  Lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone. 
C)  Pain following injury helps prevent further injury. 
D)  Blood clotting starts repair process. 
E)  Calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis. 
A)  It is impacted by inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet. 
B)  Lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone. 
C)  Pain following injury helps prevent further injury. 
D)  Blood clotting starts repair process. 
E)  Calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis.

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity. 
B)  When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases. 
C)  Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels. 
D)  Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney. 
E)  Calcitonin elevates blood calcium levels. 
A)  Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity. 
B)  When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases. 
C)  Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels. 
D)  Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney. 
E)  Calcitonin elevates blood calcium levels.

Question 5

How does the digestive system contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is impacted by inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet. 
B)  Lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone. 
C)  Pain following injury helps prevent further injury. 
D)  Blood clotting starts repair process. 
E)  Calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis. 
A)  It is impacted by inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet. 
B)  Lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone. 
C)  Pain following injury helps prevent further injury. 
D)  Blood clotting starts repair process. 
E)  Calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis.

Question 6

Which type of bone cell gives rise to osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteochondral progenitor cell 
B)  Osteoblast 
C)  Osteocyte 
D)  Osteoclast 
A)  Osteochondral progenitor cell 
B)  Osteoblast 
C)  Osteocyte 
D)  Osteoclast

Question 7

The collar that forms around the opposing ends of bone fragments is called a/an ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  osteon 
B)  external callus 
C)  hematoma 
D)  epiphysis 
E)  internal callus 
A)  osteon 
B)  external callus 
C)  hematoma 
D)  epiphysis 
E)  internal callus

Question 8

When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoclasts 
B)  Osteoblasts 
C)  Osteons 
D)  Matrix cells 
E)  Osteocytes 
A)  Osteoclasts 
B)  Osteoblasts 
C)  Osteons 
D)  Matrix cells 
E)  Osteocytes

Question 9

These collagen fibers help to connect ligaments and tendons to the periosteum of the bone.

Accepted Answer

A)  Endosteal fibers 
B)  Sharpey fibers 
C)  Golgi fibers 
D)  Haversian fibers 
E)  Purkinje fibers 
A)  Endosteal fibers 
B)  Sharpey fibers 
C)  Golgi fibers 
D)  Haversian fibers 
E)  Purkinje fibers

Question 10

How does the urinary system contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of exposure to sunlight increases vitamin D production at the kidneys and decreases calcium absorption. 
B)  Immune cells of the kidneys absorb excess calcium under the direction of PTH. 
C)  Excessive smoking lowers calcitriol levels, which decreases bone loss. 
D)  Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted as part of urine. 
E)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease. 
A)  Lack of exposure to sunlight increases vitamin D production at the kidneys and decreases calcium absorption. 
B)  Immune cells of the kidneys absorb excess calcium under the direction of PTH. 
C)  Excessive smoking lowers calcitriol levels, which decreases bone loss. 
D)  Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted as part of urine. 
E)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease.

Question 11

The application of small electrical charges to broken bones are sometimes used to enhance healing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Osteogenesis imperfecta is

Accepted Answer

A)  bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection. 
B)  a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix. 
C)  a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion. 
D)  a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones. 
E)  a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; this occurs because of insufficient collagen development. 
A)  bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection. 
B)  a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix. 
C)  a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion. 
D)  a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones. 
E)  a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; this occurs because of insufficient collagen development.

Question 13

The type of lamellae found in osteons (Haversian systems) is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  circumferential 
B)  concentric 
C)  interstitial 
D)  appositional 
E)  oppositional 
A)  circumferential 
B)  concentric 
C)  interstitial 
D)  appositional 
E)  oppositional

Question 14

You would look for concentric lamellae

Accepted Answer

A)  around the central canal of an osteon. 
B)  in between osteons. 
C)  on the outer surface of compact bone tissues. 
D)  as components of the cartilage. 
E)  in the bone marrow. 
A)  around the central canal of an osteon. 
B)  in between osteons. 
C)  on the outer surface of compact bone tissues. 
D)  as components of the cartilage. 
E)  in the bone marrow.

Question 15

The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when

Accepted Answer

A)  chondroblasts take over mitosis of osteoblasts. 
B)  the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue. 
C)  the epiphysis becomes separated from the diaphysis. 
D)  the bone marrow forms. 
E)  the periosteum is completed. 
A)  chondroblasts take over mitosis of osteoblasts. 
B)  the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue. 
C)  the epiphysis becomes separated from the diaphysis. 
D)  the bone marrow forms. 
E)  the periosteum is completed.

Question 16

A boy grew rapidly and reached a height of 6'2" by the time he was 13. He had normal body proportions and sexual development but had below normal mental cognition. Which of the following likely caused his condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  An adrenal tumor that secretes androgens 
B)  Hypersecretion of testosterone 
C)  Elevated vitamin D synthesis 
D)  Hypersecretion of growth hormone 
E)  Hyposecretion of growth hormone 
A)  An adrenal tumor that secretes androgens 
B)  Hypersecretion of testosterone 
C)  Elevated vitamin D synthesis 
D)  Hypersecretion of growth hormone 
E)  Hyposecretion of growth hormone

Question 17

How does the muscular system contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is impacted by inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet. 
B)  Lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone. 
C)  Pain following injury helps prevent further injury. 
D)  Blood clotting starts repair process. 
E)  Calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis. 
A)  It is impacted by inadequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D in the diet. 
B)  Lack of exercise reduces muscle stress on bone. 
C)  Pain following injury helps prevent further injury. 
D)  Blood clotting starts repair process. 
E)  Calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis.

Question 18

Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix. 
B)  Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans. 
C)  The protein components of bone matrix are digested. 
D)  Ca2+ is actively transported from bone matrix to the blood. 
E)  Blood calcium is elevated. 
A)  Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix. 
B)  Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans. 
C)  The protein components of bone matrix are digested. 
D)  Ca2+ is actively transported from bone matrix to the blood. 
E)  Blood calcium is elevated.

Question 19

Cartilage

Accepted Answer

A)  is composed of osteons. 
B)  is surrounded by a membrane called the periosteum. 
C)  contains chondrocytes located in lacunae. 
D)  does not need nutrients and oxygen, so it has no blood vessels. 
E)  is well vascularized. 
A)  is composed of osteons. 
B)  is surrounded by a membrane called the periosteum. 
C)  contains chondrocytes located in lacunae. 
D)  does not need nutrients and oxygen, so it has no blood vessels. 
E)  is well vascularized.

Question 20

The primary function of osteoblasts is to

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent osteocytes from forming. 
B)  resorb bone along the epiphyseal plate. 
C)  inhibit the growth of bone. 
D)  stimulate bone growth. 
E)  lay down bone matrix. 
A)  prevent osteocytes from forming. 
B)  resorb bone along the epiphyseal plate. 
C)  inhibit the growth of bone. 
D)  stimulate bone growth. 
E)  lay down bone matrix.

Exam 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

The sequence of events that produces growth at the epiphyseal plate is

Which of the following is an example of how the endocrine system affects osteoporosis?

Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?

How does the digestive system contribute to osteoporosis?

Which type of bone cell gives rise to osteoblasts?

The collar that forms around the opposing ends of bone fragments is called a/an ________.

When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?

These collagen fibers help to connect ligaments and tendons to the periosteum of the bone.

How does the urinary system contribute to osteoporosis?

The application of small electrical charges to broken bones are sometimes used to enhance healing.

Osteogenesis imperfecta is

The type of lamellae found in osteons (Haversian systems) is ________.

You would look for concentric lamellae

The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when

A boy grew rapidly and reached a height of 6'2" by the time he was 13. He had normal body proportions and sexual development but had below normal mental cognition. Which of the following likely caused his condition?

How does the muscular system contribute to osteoporosis?

Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?

Cartilage

The primary function of osteoblasts is to

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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