Question 1

When cognitive psychologists talk about the process of "putting" things in memory, they often use the term:

Accepted Answer

A) Retrieval 
B) Selectivity 
C) Inference-drawing 
D) Storage 
A) Retrieval 
B) Selectivity 
C) Inference-drawing 
D) Storage

Question 2

Which one of the following teaching practices is most likely to encourage students to elaborate as they study new material?

Accepted Answer

A) Help them locate Berlin on a map of Europe. 
B) Ask them, "Who remembers what the chief exports of Japan are?" 
C) Ask them how they might apply the principle that gas expands when heated. 
D) Say, "Yesterday we learned the safe way to hand a pair of sharp scissors to someone else.Who can show us what we learned to do?" 
A) Help them locate Berlin on a map of Europe. 
B) Ask them, "Who remembers what the chief exports of Japan are?" 
C) Ask them how they might apply the principle that gas expands when heated. 
D) Say, "Yesterday we learned the safe way to hand a pair of sharp scissors to someone else.Who can show us what we learned to do?"

Question 3

Cordell is trying to remember the various rocks he has been studying in his earth science class granite, sandstone, limestone, obsidian, marble, etc.).He finally decides it would be easiest if he studied them as three groups: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic.Considering research regarding this strategy, Cordell should:

Accepted Answer

A) Have an easier time remembering them because he's organizing them 
B) Have a more difficult time remembering them because he must remember the three groupings as well as the rocks themselves 
C) Have an easier time remembering them only if he also looks at pictures of each kind of rock 
D) Have a more difficult time remembering them because he's only using rehearsal to learn them 
A) Have an easier time remembering them because he's organizing them 
B) Have a more difficult time remembering them because he must remember the three groupings as well as the rocks themselves 
C) Have an easier time remembering them only if he also looks at pictures of each kind of rock 
D) Have a more difficult time remembering them because he's only using rehearsal to learn them

Question 4

Which one of the following researchers is drawing an inference about cognitive processes from her observations of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) Dr.Aragon finds that students who listen to an organized lecture remember more information than students who listen to an unorganized lecture; she concludes that organized material promotes better learning. 
B) Dr.Burger finds that students who learn information word for word don't remember it for very long; she concludes that requiring students to learn information verbatim isn't an effective teaching strategy. 
C) Dr.Cooper discovers that students remember more when new concepts are illustrated by pictures as well as being verbally described; she concludes that visual imagery helps learning and memory. 
D) Dr.Delgado finds that students who listen to foreign language tapes while sleeping don't remember what they've heard; she concludes that being awake is necessary for learning to occur. 
A) Dr.Aragon finds that students who listen to an organized lecture remember more information than students who listen to an unorganized lecture; she concludes that organized material promotes better learning. 
B) Dr.Burger finds that students who learn information word for word don't remember it for very long; she concludes that requiring students to learn information verbatim isn't an effective teaching strategy. 
C) Dr.Cooper discovers that students remember more when new concepts are illustrated by pictures as well as being verbally described; she concludes that visual imagery helps learning and memory. 
D) Dr.Delgado finds that students who listen to foreign language tapes while sleeping don't remember what they've heard; she concludes that being awake is necessary for learning to occur.

Question 5

Richard is studying both French and Spanish.In the same week, he learns that the French word for "mother" is mère and that the Spanish word for "mother" is madre.One day his French teacher asks Richard, "Who is married to your father?" and Richard erroneously answers, "Madre." Richard's memory error can best be explained in terms of:

Accepted Answer

A) Decay 
B) Interference 
C) Failure to store 
D) Insufficient wait time 
A) Decay 
B) Interference 
C) Failure to store 
D) Insufficient wait time

Question 6

As Jane reads about General Custer's last stand, she pictures him as he must have looked, with long blonde hair and a full mustache, riding tall and proud on the open plain just before he was attacked.Considering research findings regarding the effectiveness of visual imagery, we can predict that Jane will:

Accepted Answer

A) Get confused by the vividness of her visual image 
B) Remember the information better than she might otherwise 
C) Store the information in her working memory rather than her long-term memory 
D) Remember her image perfectly for a year or longer 
A) Get confused by the vividness of her visual image 
B) Remember the information better than she might otherwise 
C) Store the information in her working memory rather than her long-term memory 
D) Remember her image perfectly for a year or longer

Question 7

To remind her first-grade son Kevin to bring home his umbrella from school, his mother pins a piece of paper with a picture of an umbrella to Kevin's jacket collar.Kevin's mother is helping him remember the umbrella through the use of:

Accepted Answer

A) The keyword method 
B) Verbal mediation 
C) A retrieval cue 
D) A superimposed meaningful structure 
A) The keyword method 
B) Verbal mediation 
C) A retrieval cue 
D) A superimposed meaningful structure

Question 8

Nicole learns the formula "E = mc2" by repeating it to herself over and over again.Which one of the following processes is Nicole most clearly demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

A) Rehearsal 
B) Elaboration 
C) Meaningful learning 
D) Organization 
A) Rehearsal 
B) Elaboration 
C) Meaningful learning 
D) Organization

Question 9

To remember the four states that come together at a single point Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah), Marcia remembers "CANU" pronounced like "canoe"). Marcia's technique illustrates the use of:

Accepted Answer

A) The keyword method 
B) Visual imagery 
C) Verbal mediation 
D) A superimposed meaningful structure 
A) The keyword method 
B) Visual imagery 
C) Verbal mediation 
D) A superimposed meaningful structure

Question 10

If you know how to wrap a present, you can probably describe the process to someone else.But if you know how to skip rope, you may have difficulty explaining what you do to someone else.The difference between these two kinds of knowledge can best be characterized as a difference between:

Accepted Answer

A) Explicit vs.implicit memory 
B) Declarative vs.procedural knowledge 
C) Activated vs.nonactivated knowledge 
D) Knowledge stored verbally vs.semantically 
A) Explicit vs.implicit memory 
B) Declarative vs.procedural knowledge 
C) Activated vs.nonactivated knowledge 
D) Knowledge stored verbally vs.semantically

Question 11

Which one of the following statements best describes the idea that learning involves a process of construction?

Accepted Answer

A) Students must learn certain things very well before they can begin to understand other things. 
B) Students must learn ideas in a concrete form before learning them as abstractions. 
C) Students use various pieces of new information about a topic to create their own understandings. 
D) Students' thought processes become increasingly complex and sophisticated as they grow older. 
A) Students must learn certain things very well before they can begin to understand other things. 
B) Students must learn ideas in a concrete form before learning them as abstractions. 
C) Students use various pieces of new information about a topic to create their own understandings. 
D) Students' thought processes become increasingly complex and sophisticated as they grow older.

Question 12

Jenny is taking a quiz that asks for the chemical symbols of 20 elements.She remembers 19 of them but cannot remember the symbol for mercury.As she walks home from school, she suddenly remembers that the symbol for mercury is Hg.Jenny's memory problem during the quiz can best be explained in terms of:

Accepted Answer

A) Decay 
B) Interference 
C) Reconstruction error 
D) Too limited long-term memory search 
A) Decay 
B) Interference 
C) Reconstruction error 
D) Too limited long-term memory search

Question 13

Lucy sees a boy who looks very familiar to her, but she cannot remember who he is.Then the boy says something with a thick French accent, and Lucy suddenly realizes that he is the foreign exchange student from France.In this situation, the boy's French accent helps Lucy remember by:

Accepted Answer

A) Inhibiting interference 
B) Providing a retrieval cue 
C) Helping her elaborate on stored information 
D) Facilitating a reorganization of her long-term memory 
A) Inhibiting interference 
B) Providing a retrieval cue 
C) Helping her elaborate on stored information 
D) Facilitating a reorganization of her long-term memory

Question 14

Which one of the following situations reflects the typical duration of working memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Arnie remembers his locker combination through the entire school year.By the end of summer vacation, however, he has forgotten it. 
B) At noon, Barney makes a mental list of the five homework assignments he needs to complete that night.Midway through the afternoon he checks himself and realizes that he still remembers all five.However, by early evening he cannot recall two of the five assignments. 
C) Carol remembers most of the information she has been learning about World War II in class this week, but she remembers very little of what she learned about World War I two weeks ago. 
D) Darrell looks up the correct spelling of the word fossil, repeats the letters once, and closes the dictionary.By the time he finds a piece of paper on which to write the word, he has forgotten how to spell it. 
A) Arnie remembers his locker combination through the entire school year.By the end of summer vacation, however, he has forgotten it. 
B) At noon, Barney makes a mental list of the five homework assignments he needs to complete that night.Midway through the afternoon he checks himself and realizes that he still remembers all five.However, by early evening he cannot recall two of the five assignments. 
C) Carol remembers most of the information she has been learning about World War II in class this week, but she remembers very little of what she learned about World War I two weeks ago. 
D) Darrell looks up the correct spelling of the word fossil, repeats the letters once, and closes the dictionary.By the time he finds a piece of paper on which to write the word, he has forgotten how to spell it.

Question 15

Which one of the following examples best illustrates situated cognition in action?

Accepted Answer

A) When Rachel learns the concept momentum, she immediately recalls a variety of phenomena that the concept can explain. 
B) Lucinda doesn't enjoy her history class because her teacher expects students to memorize a lot of names, dates, and places. 
C) It doesn't occur to Jennie that she can use algebra to help her solve a problem in her physics class. 
D) Eleanor enjoys physical education class because she always feels more energized afterward. 
A) When Rachel learns the concept momentum, she immediately recalls a variety of phenomena that the concept can explain. 
B) Lucinda doesn't enjoy her history class because her teacher expects students to memorize a lot of names, dates, and places. 
C) It doesn't occur to Jennie that she can use algebra to help her solve a problem in her physics class. 
D) Eleanor enjoys physical education class because she always feels more energized afterward.

Question 16

An advantage of knowing some skills to a level of automaticity is that skills learned to automaticity:

Accepted Answer

A) Require less working memory capacity 
B) Promote the development of retrieval cues 
C) Enhance the reconstructive nature of retrieval 
D) Make meaningful learning of those skills unnecessary 
A) Require less working memory capacity 
B) Promote the development of retrieval cues 
C) Enhance the reconstructive nature of retrieval 
D) Make meaningful learning of those skills unnecessary

Question 17

Three of the following teachers are applying principles from cognitive psychology. Which teacher does not appear to be applying cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) Ms.Anthony, a high school biology teacher, draws a hierarchy on the board showing how mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians are all vertebrates, and how vertebrates and invertebrates are both animals. 
B) Mr.Bottenberg, a fourth grade teacher, suggests that his students try to learn their spelling words by thinking about similarly spelled words that they already know. 
C) Ms.Conrad, a third grade teacher, introduces her class to the topic of multiplication by showing them how it relates to addition. 
D) Mr.Danforth, a junior high school basketball coach, asks his players to practice shooting baskets and praises those who are using good form. 
A) Ms.Anthony, a high school biology teacher, draws a hierarchy on the board showing how mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians are all vertebrates, and how vertebrates and invertebrates are both animals. 
B) Mr.Bottenberg, a fourth grade teacher, suggests that his students try to learn their spelling words by thinking about similarly spelled words that they already know. 
C) Ms.Conrad, a third grade teacher, introduces her class to the topic of multiplication by showing them how it relates to addition. 
D) Mr.Danforth, a junior high school basketball coach, asks his players to practice shooting baskets and praises those who are using good form.

Question 18

Nora was thinking about something else the day her teacher explained the difference between the words between and among, so she has trouble using these two prepositions correctly.Nora's difficulty "remembering" the difference between the two words can probably best be explained as:

Accepted Answer

A) Failure to store in long-term memory 
B) Failure to retrieve from long-term memory 
C) Decay in long-term memory over time 
D) Reconstruction error during retrieval 
A) Failure to store in long-term memory 
B) Failure to retrieve from long-term memory 
C) Decay in long-term memory over time 
D) Reconstruction error during retrieval

Question 19

Which one of the following statements is consistent with the textbook's recommendations for promoting retrieval?

Accepted Answer

A) Teach students how to create and use their own retrieval cues. 
B) Show students how to use the keyword method to help them remember lists of 10 items or more. 
C) Spend approximately two-thirds of each class day reviewing things that students already know. 
D) At the secondary school level, always use essay tests rather than multiple-choice tests. 
A) Teach students how to create and use their own retrieval cues. 
B) Show students how to use the keyword method to help them remember lists of 10 items or more. 
C) Spend approximately two-thirds of each class day reviewing things that students already know. 
D) At the secondary school level, always use essay tests rather than multiple-choice tests.

Question 20

To remember that the capital of the state of Washington is Olympia, Bart pictures George Washington running a race in the Olympics.Bart's technique illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A) The keyword method 
B) Verbal mediation 
C) Reconstructive retrieval 
D) A superimposed meaningful structure 
A) The keyword method 
B) Verbal mediation 
C) Reconstructive retrieval 
D) A superimposed meaningful structure

When cognitive psychologists talk about the process of "putting" things in memory, they often use the term:

Which one of the following teaching practices is most likely to encourage students to elaborate as they study new material?

Which one of the following researchers is drawing an inference about cognitive processes from her observations of behavior?

To remind her first-grade son Kevin to bring home his umbrella from school, his mother pins a piece of paper with a picture of an umbrella to Kevin's jacket collar.Kevin's mother is helping him remember the umbrella through the use of:

Nicole learns the formula "E = mc²" by repeating it to herself over and over again.Which one of the following processes is Nicole most clearly demonstrating?

To remember the four states that come together at a single point Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah), Marcia remembers "CANU" pronounced like "canoe"). Marcia's technique illustrates the use of:

If you know how to wrap a present, you can probably describe the process to someone else.But if you know how to skip rope, you may have difficulty explaining what you do to someone else.The difference between these two kinds of knowledge can best be characterized as a difference between:

Which one of the following statements best describes the idea that learning involves a process of construction?

Lucy sees a boy who looks very familiar to her, but she cannot remember who he is.Then the boy says something with a thick French accent, and Lucy suddenly realizes that he is the foreign exchange student from France.In this situation, the boy's French accent helps Lucy remember by:

Which one of the following situations reflects the typical duration of working memory?

Which one of the following examples best illustrates situated cognition in action?

An advantage of knowing some skills to a level of automaticity is that skills learned to automaticity:

Three of the following teachers are applying principles from cognitive psychology. Which teacher does not appear to be applying cognitive psychology?

Nora was thinking about something else the day her teacher explained the difference between the words between and among, so she has trouble using these two prepositions correctly.Nora's difficulty "remembering" the difference between the two words can probably best be explained as:

Which one of the following statements is consistent with the textbook's recommendations for promoting retrieval?

To remember that the capital of the state of Washington is Olympia, Bart pictures George Washington running a race in the Olympics.Bart's technique illustrates:

Teaching and Educational Psychology

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Personal and Social Development

Group Differences

Individual Differences and Special Educational Needs

Knowledge Construction

Complex Cognitive Processes

Behaviorist Views of Learning

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation and Affect

Instructional Strategies

Creating a Productive Learning Environment

Classroom Assessment Strategies

Filters

Exam 6: Learning and Cognitive Processes

When cognitive psychologists talk about the process of "putting" things in memory, they often use the term:

Which one of the following teaching practices is most likely to encourage students to elaborate as they study new material?

Which one of the following researchers is drawing an inference about cognitive processes from her observations of behavior?

To remind her first-grade son Kevin to bring home his umbrella from school, his mother pins a piece of paper with a picture of an umbrella to Kevin's jacket collar.Kevin's mother is helping him remember the umbrella through the use of:

Nicole learns the formula "E = mc2" by repeating it to herself over and over again.Which one of the following processes is Nicole most clearly demonstrating?

To remember the four states that come together at a single point Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah), Marcia remembers "CANU" pronounced like "canoe"). Marcia's technique illustrates the use of:

If you know how to wrap a present, you can probably describe the process to someone else.But if you know how to skip rope, you may have difficulty explaining what you do to someone else.The difference between these two kinds of knowledge can best be characterized as a difference between:

Which one of the following statements best describes the idea that learning involves a process of construction?

Lucy sees a boy who looks very familiar to her, but she cannot remember who he is.Then the boy says something with a thick French accent, and Lucy suddenly realizes that he is the foreign exchange student from France.In this situation, the boy's French accent helps Lucy remember by:

Which one of the following situations reflects the typical duration of working memory?

Which one of the following examples best illustrates situated cognition in action?

An advantage of knowing some skills to a level of automaticity is that skills learned to automaticity:

Three of the following teachers are applying principles from cognitive psychology. Which teacher does not appear to be applying cognitive psychology?

Nora was thinking about something else the day her teacher explained the difference between the words between and among, so she has trouble using these two prepositions correctly.Nora's difficulty "remembering" the difference between the two words can probably best be explained as:

Which one of the following statements is consistent with the textbook's recommendations for promoting retrieval?

To remember that the capital of the state of Washington is Olympia, Bart pictures George Washington running a race in the Olympics.Bart's technique illustrates:

Teaching and Educational Psychology

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Personal and Social Development

Group Differences

Individual Differences and Special Educational Needs

Knowledge Construction

Complex Cognitive Processes

Behaviorist Views of Learning

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation and Affect

Instructional Strategies

Creating a Productive Learning Environment

Classroom Assessment Strategies

Filters

Nicole learns the formula "E = mc²" by repeating it to herself over and over again.Which one of the following processes is Nicole most clearly demonstrating?