Exam 11: Motivation and Affect

Which one of the following best illustrates cognitive dissonance?

Three of the following statements are true regarding students who have special educational needs.Which one is false?

Virginia is 4 years old.Georgia is 14 years old.Both girls like figure skating, but neither is a very good skater.Given developmental trends in attributions, we can predict that Virginia is more likely than Georgia to believe that:

When Scott was first learning how to write, he wrote quickly and sloppily, without regard for how his papers looked.But his teachers praised him regularly for writing carefully and legibly, and eventually he began to pride himself on his neat and careful handwriting.This transition can best be described as

Ms.Simons believes that Jeremy has the ability to do much better on math tests than he is currently doing.Given the textbook's discussion of teacher attributions, how is Ms.Simons most likely to act toward Jeremy?

Which one of the following classroom strategies is most likely to increase students' sense of self-determination?

John has just failed a test-in a sense, his test performance has been punished.From the perspective of attribution theory, is John likely to work harder to pass his next test?

Which one of the following is a student who has developed learned helplessness about his or her spelling ability most likely to say?

Three of the following strategies are consistent with the textbook's recommendations for forming expectations and attributions for students' performance.Which one is not consistent with the textbook's recommendations?

Four students in Mr.Kent's physical education class have just done poorly on the school district's physical fitness test.Which student is exhibiting a mastery goal?

Francine failed her English literature exam.Given what attribution theory tells us about how students typically interpret failures, how is Francine least likely to explain her failure?

Considering the textbook's definitions of threat and challenge, identify the situation below that is most likely to pose a threat rather than a challenge?

Students in Mr.Green's eighth-grade English class spend much of their class time memorizing definitions of vocabulary words and completing workbook exercises involving practice with grammatical rules.In contrast, students in Mr.Gray's eighth- grade English class spend much of their time writing stories and essays and critiquing one another's work.Without knowing anything else about the two classes, we might reasonably guess that:

Which one of the following students clearly has a mastery goal rather than a performance goal?

Which one of the following is the best example of state anxiety rather than trait anxiety?

Mr.Richardson does not expect much of his students from a poor, inner-city neighborhood.Given what we know about the effects of teacher expectations, which outcome is most likely?

Alexander is doing poorly in class.It seems that no matter how hard he tries, he fails. Finally he just stops trying.As his teacher, you want to motivate Alexander to try again.Considering the textbook's discussion of strategies for enhancing students' motivation, which one of the following should you do?

In fifth grade last year, Elena was a happy, easygoing student.Now that she's moved to junior high school and begun sixth grade, she's becoming increasingly anxious and uptight.Three of the following are probable reasons for her growing anxiety.Which one is least likely to be true?

Given what motivation theorists tell us about expectancies and values, which one of the following activities are you least likely to value?

Which one of the following examples best characterizes anxiety rather than fear, as the textbook distinguishes between the two terms?