Question 1

Many studies have indicated that the generic pronoun "he"

Accepted Answer

A) tends for children and adults alike to trigger images of both males and females. 
B) tends for adults to trigger images of both males and females,but for children to trigger images of males. 
C) tends for both children and adults to trigger images of males but not females. 
D) for both children and adults triggers images of females about one-fourth of the time it is used. 
A) tends for children and adults alike to trigger images of both males and females. 
B) tends for adults to trigger images of both males and females,but for children to trigger images of males. 
C) tends for both children and adults to trigger images of males but not females. 
D) for both children and adults triggers images of females about one-fourth of the time it is used. C

Question 2

Those who learn sign language as teens never become as fluent as children exposed to sign language from birth. This best illustrates the importance of ________ for mastering language.

Accepted Answer

A) heuristics 
B) telegraphic speech 
C) a critical period 
D) reinforcement 
A) heuristics 
B) telegraphic speech 
C) a critical period 
D) reinforcement C

Question 3

At some point during the babbling stage,infants begin to

Accepted Answer

A) imitate adult grammar. 
B) make speech sounds only if their hearing is unimpaired. 
C) speak in simple words that may be barely recognizable. 
D) lose their ability to discriminate sounds they never hear. 
A) imitate adult grammar. 
B) make speech sounds only if their hearing is unimpaired. 
C) speak in simple words that may be barely recognizable. 
D) lose their ability to discriminate sounds they never hear. D

Question 4

Many people who are bilingual experience a different sense of self,depending on which language they are using. This most clearly illustrates the implications of

Accepted Answer

A) Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis. 
B) Skinner's language acquisition theory. 
C) Köhler's insight theory. 
D) Chomsky's language acquisition theory. 
A) Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis. 
B) Skinner's language acquisition theory. 
C) Köhler's insight theory. 
D) Chomsky's language acquisition theory.

Question 5

Which of the following BEST describes Chomsky's view of language development?

Accepted Answer

A) Language is an entirely learned ability. 
B) Language is an innate ability. 
C) Humans have a biological predisposition to acquire language. 
D) There are no cultural influences on the development of language. 
A) Language is an entirely learned ability. 
B) Language is an innate ability. 
C) Humans have a biological predisposition to acquire language. 
D) There are no cultural influences on the development of language.

Question 6

Psychologists are most likely to question whether chimps have the capacity to

Accepted Answer

A) use complex grammar. 
B) discern numerical order. 
C) ransmit cultural innovations. 
D) form concepts. 
A) use complex grammar. 
B) discern numerical order. 
C) ransmit cultural innovations. 
D) form concepts.

Question 7

It has been suggested that Alaskan Eskimos' rich vocabulary for describing snow enables them to perceive differences in snow conditions that would otherwise go unnoticed. This suggestion most clearly illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) inborn universal grammar. 
B) process simulations. 
C) linguistic determinism. 
D) telegraphic speech. 
A) inborn universal grammar. 
B) process simulations. 
C) linguistic determinism. 
D) telegraphic speech.

Question 8

Regarding the relationship between thinking and language,which of the following most accurately reflects the position taken in the text?

Accepted Answer

A) Language determines everything about our thinking. 
B) Language determines the way we think. 
C) Thinking without language is not possible. 
D) Thinking affects our language,which then affects our thoughts. 
A) Language determines everything about our thinking. 
B) Language determines the way we think. 
C) Thinking without language is not possible. 
D) Thinking affects our language,which then affects our thoughts.

Question 9

Compared with deaf children exposed to sign language from birth,those who first learn sign language as teens are less likely to

Accepted Answer

A) correctly imitate the signs they are shown. 
B) use signs to indicate concrete objects. 
C) mentally associate signs with written words. 
D) comprehend grammatical subtleties of sign language. 
A) correctly imitate the signs they are shown. 
B) use signs to indicate concrete objects. 
C) mentally associate signs with written words. 
D) comprehend grammatical subtleties of sign language.

Question 10

During a lecture,your professor says,"A child learns language as he interacts with caregivers." This generic use of the pronoun he is more likely to trigger images of males than of females. This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A) language on thinking. 
B) fixation on problem solving. 
C) telegraphic speech on universal grammar. 
D) insight on decision making. 
A) language on thinking. 
B) fixation on problem solving. 
C) telegraphic speech on universal grammar. 
D) insight on decision making.

Question 11

Research on the language capabilities of apes indicates that they cannot

Accepted Answer

A) translate spoken words into signs. 
B) acquire a vocabulary of more than two dozen signs. 
C) use signs to communicate with other members of their own species. 
D) grammatically order language symbols as well as most 3-year-old children. 
A) translate spoken words into signs. 
B) acquire a vocabulary of more than two dozen signs. 
C) use signs to communicate with other members of their own species. 
D) grammatically order language symbols as well as most 3-year-old children.

Question 12

Beatrice and Allen Gardner taught the chimpanzee Washoe to communicate by means of

Accepted Answer

A) pictures. 
B) Morse code. 
C) sign language. 
D) English letters. 
A) pictures. 
B) Morse code. 
C) sign language. 
D) English letters.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT cited by Chomsky as evidence that language acquisition cannot be explained by learning alone?

Accepted Answer

A) Children master the complicated rules of grammar with ease. 
B) Children create sentences they have never heard. 
C) Children make the kinds of mistakes that suggest they are attempting to apply rules of grammar. 
D) Children raised in isolation from language spontaneously begin speaking words. 
A) Children master the complicated rules of grammar with ease. 
B) Children create sentences they have never heard. 
C) Children make the kinds of mistakes that suggest they are attempting to apply rules of grammar. 
D) Children raised in isolation from language spontaneously begin speaking words.

Question 14

According to the text,language acquisition is best described as

Accepted Answer

A) the result of conditioning and reinforcement. 
B) a biological process of maturation. 
C) an interaction between biology and experience. 
D) a mystery of which researchers have no real understanding. 
A) the result of conditioning and reinforcement. 
B) a biological process of maturation. 
C) an interaction between biology and experience. 
D) a mystery of which researchers have no real understanding.

Question 15

A listener hearing a recording of Japanese,Spanish,and North American children babbling would

Accepted Answer

A) not be able to tell them apart. 
B) be able to tell them apart if they were older than 6 months. 
C) be able to tell them apart if they were older than 8 to 10 months. 
D) be able to tell them apart at any age. 
A) not be able to tell them apart. 
B) be able to tell them apart if they were older than 6 months. 
C) be able to tell them apart if they were older than 8 to 10 months. 
D) be able to tell them apart at any age.

Question 16

Infants are first able to discriminate speech sounds during the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) one-word 
B) telegraphic 
C) babbling 
D) syntactic 
A) one-word 
B) telegraphic 
C) babbling 
D) syntactic

Question 17

Chomsky suggested that as a child first begins hearing language,appropriate settings or standards regarding the rules of that language are activated in the child's

Accepted Answer

A) heuristics. 
B) language acquisition device. 
C) receptive language. 
D) outcome simulation. 
A) heuristics. 
B) language acquisition device. 
C) receptive language. 
D) outcome simulation.

Question 18

The best evidence that there is a critical period for language acquisition is the fact that

Accepted Answer

A) infants babble sounds that occur in their parents' native language. 
B) toddlers maintain a capacity to discriminate language sounds they have never heard. 
C) people most easily master the grammar of a second language during childhood. 
D) preschoolers typically fail to use proper syntax. 
A) infants babble sounds that occur in their parents' native language. 
B) toddlers maintain a capacity to discriminate language sounds they have never heard. 
C) people most easily master the grammar of a second language during childhood. 
D) preschoolers typically fail to use proper syntax.

Question 19

Mentally segmenting other's spoken sounds into individual words best illustrates a 7-month-old's capacity for

Accepted Answer

A) telegraphic speech. 
B) receptive language. 
C) categorization. 
D) productive language. 
A) telegraphic speech. 
B) receptive language. 
C) categorization. 
D) productive language.

Question 20

It is difficult to explain language acquisition solely in terms of imitation and reinforcement because children

Accepted Answer

A) acquire language even in the absence of social interaction. 
B) resent being corrected for grammatical mistakes. 
C) generate all sorts of sentences they have never heard before. 
D) employ telegraphic speech patterns before their second birthday. 
A) acquire language even in the absence of social interaction. 
B) resent being corrected for grammatical mistakes. 
C) generate all sorts of sentences they have never heard before. 
D) employ telegraphic speech patterns before their second birthday.

Exam 17: The Mere Presence of Others

Many studies have indicated that the generic pronoun "he"

Those who learn sign language as teens never become as fluent as children exposed to sign language from birth. This best illustrates the importance of ________ for mastering language.

At some point during the babbling stage,infants begin to

Many people who are bilingual experience a different sense of self,depending on which language they are using. This most clearly illustrates the implications of

Which of the following BEST describes Chomsky's view of language development?

Psychologists are most likely to question whether chimps have the capacity to

It has been suggested that Alaskan Eskimos' rich vocabulary for describing snow enables them to perceive differences in snow conditions that would otherwise go unnoticed. This suggestion most clearly illustrates

Regarding the relationship between thinking and language,which of the following most accurately reflects the position taken in the text?

Compared with deaf children exposed to sign language from birth,those who first learn sign language as teens are less likely to

During a lecture,your professor says,"A child learns language as he interacts with caregivers." This generic use of the pronoun he is more likely to trigger images of males than of females. This best illustrates the impact of

Research on the language capabilities of apes indicates that they cannot

Beatrice and Allen Gardner taught the chimpanzee Washoe to communicate by means of

Which of the following is NOT cited by Chomsky as evidence that language acquisition cannot be explained by learning alone?

According to the text,language acquisition is best described as

A listener hearing a recording of Japanese,Spanish,and North American children babbling would

Infants are first able to discriminate speech sounds during the ________ stage.

Chomsky suggested that as a child first begins hearing language,appropriate settings or standards regarding the rules of that language are activated in the child's

The best evidence that there is a critical period for language acquisition is the fact that

Mentally segmenting other's spoken sounds into individual words best illustrates a 7-month-old's capacity for

It is difficult to explain language acquisition solely in terms of imitation and reinforcement because children

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