Question 1

The first amino acid in an archaeal protein is

Accepted Answer

A)  N- formylserine. 
B)  methionine. 
C)  pyrrolysine. 
D)  N- formylmethionine. 
A)  N- formylserine. 
B)  methionine. 
C)  pyrrolysine. 
D)  N- formylmethionine.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  The TATA box is unique to Archaea, Eukarya, and the Pribnow promoter region in Bacteria. 
B)  Archaea use only one type of RNA polymerase, which is similar to the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II. 
C)  All promoters in Archaea and Eukarya require transcription factors for RNA polymerase recruitment. 
D)  Relatively little is understood about how an archaeon terminates a transcript except that Rho- like proteins are involved. 
A)  The TATA box is unique to Archaea, Eukarya, and the Pribnow promoter region in Bacteria. 
B)  Archaea use only one type of RNA polymerase, which is similar to the eukaryotic RNA polymerase II. 
C)  All promoters in Archaea and Eukarya require transcription factors for RNA polymerase recruitment. 
D)  Relatively little is understood about how an archaeon terminates a transcript except that Rho- like proteins are involved.

Question 3

Cells that have two of each chromosome are________ , whereas cells that have only one copy of each chromosome are________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cells that have two of each chromosome...

Question 4

During mRNA processing, nucleotide sequences are removed as a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During mRNA processing, nucleotide sequences are removed...

Question 5

Explain why multiple origins of replication are seen in the chromosomes of Archaea and Eukarya.

Accepted Answer

The overall genome sizes for Archaea and

Question 6

The________ stabilizes mRNA and indicates to the translation machinery that the RNA is mRNA rather than some other form of RNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The________ stabilizes mRNA and indicates to the...

Question 7

Archaeal transcript splicing first uses a(n)________to excise introns and lastly joins the exons together with _________ .

Accepted Answer

endonuclea

Question 8

Eukaryotic chromosomes contain both ________and _________ that Archaea and Bacteria
lack.

Accepted Answer

centromere

Question 9

Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Introns are the exception rather than the rule in eukaryotic encoding genes, and the lower eukaryotes have fewer and smaller introns than the higher eukaryotes. 
B)  Essentially all eukaryotic encoding genes have introns, and the higher eukaryotes have more introns than the lower eukaryotes. 
C)  Essentially all eukaryotic encoding genes have introns, and the lower eukaryotes have fewer introns than the higher eukaryotes. 
D)  Introns are the exception rather than the rule in eukaryotic encoding genes, and the higher eukaryotes have fewer and smaller introns than the lower eukaryotes. 
A)  Introns are the exception rather than the rule in eukaryotic encoding genes, and the lower eukaryotes have fewer and smaller introns than the higher eukaryotes. 
B)  Essentially all eukaryotic encoding genes have introns, and the higher eukaryotes have more introns than the lower eukaryotes. 
C)  Essentially all eukaryotic encoding genes have introns, and the lower eukaryotes have fewer introns than the higher eukaryotes. 
D)  Introns are the exception rather than the rule in eukaryotic encoding genes, and the higher eukaryotes have fewer and smaller introns than the lower eukaryotes.

Question 10

Both Bacteria and Archaea share the trait of

Accepted Answer

A)  transcribing several genes onto the same polycistronic mRNA. 
B)  lacking a nucleus. 
C)  the genome being typically a single circular chromosome. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  transcribing several genes onto the same polycistronic mRNA. 
B)  lacking a nucleus. 
C)  the genome being typically a single circular chromosome. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 11

________are introns that fold up to generate three- dimensional structures with _________ activity.

Accepted Answer

Self- spli

Question 12

Proteins resembling the Rho proteins in Bacteria have been detected in Archaea.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Reverse gyrase introduces negative supercoils into DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Speculate on why more than 90% of the total DNA encodes protein in Bacteria, while in eukaryotic organisms, this fraction is much lower.

Accepted Answer

There are several factors that could con

Question 15

Ribosomes contain rRNA plus proteins. All of the proteins contained in the ribosome are common to Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The Archaea were originally regarded as members of the Bacteria because

Accepted Answer

A)  neither has membrane- bound organelles. 
B)  neither has a nucleus. 
C)  both typically contain a single circular chromosome. 
D)  all of the above are correct. 
A)  neither has membrane- bound organelles. 
B)  neither has a nucleus. 
C)  both typically contain a single circular chromosome. 
D)  all of the above are correct.

Question 17

Both intron and exon regions are transcribed into the primary transcript.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Archaeal and bacterial mRNA often serve as templates for several different proteins to be co- transcribed, however eukaryotic mRNA that makes only a single protein are

Accepted Answer

A)  monocistronic. 
B)  unique during meiosis. 
C)  called inteins. 
D)  a result of too much splicing. 
A)  monocistronic. 
B)  unique during meiosis. 
C)  called inteins. 
D)  a result of too much splicing.

Question 19

In eukaryotes, DNA is wound around clusters of histones, forming structures known as nucleosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Explain how eukaryotic chromosomes are formed.

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are formed as a product of D

Exam 7: Archael and Eukaryotic Molecular Biology

The first amino acid in an archaeal protein is

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding transcription?

Cells that have two of each chromosome are________ , whereas cells that have only one copy of each chromosome are________ .

During mRNA processing, nucleotide sequences are removed as a(n) ________.

Explain why multiple origins of replication are seen in the chromosomes of Archaea and Eukarya.

The________ stabilizes mRNA and indicates to the translation machinery that the RNA is mRNA rather than some other form of RNA.

Archaeal transcript splicing first uses a(n)________to excise introns and lastly joins the exons together with _________ .

Eukaryotic chromosomes contain both ________and _________ that Archaea and Bacteria lack.

Which statement is TRUE?

Both Bacteria and Archaea share the trait of

________are introns that fold up to generate three- dimensional structures with _________ activity.

Proteins resembling the Rho proteins in Bacteria have been detected in Archaea.

Reverse gyrase introduces negative supercoils into DNA.

Speculate on why more than 90% of the total DNA encodes protein in Bacteria, while in eukaryotic organisms, this fraction is much lower.

Ribosomes contain rRNA plus proteins. All of the proteins contained in the ribosome are common to Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

The Archaea were originally regarded as members of the Bacteria because

Both intron and exon regions are transcribed into the primary transcript.

Archaeal and bacterial mRNA often serve as templates for several different proteins to be co- transcribed, however eukaryotic mRNA that makes only a single protein are

In eukaryotes, DNA is wound around clusters of histones, forming structures known as nucleosomes.

Explain how eukaryotic chromosomes are formed.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

A Brief Journey to the Microbial World

Cell Structure and Function in Bacteria and Archaea

Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of Microorganisms

Microbial Growth

Molecular Biology of Bacteria

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses and Virology

Genetics of Bacteria and Arachaea

Genetic Engineering

Microbial Genomics

Phototrophy, Chemolithotrophy, and Major Biosyntheses

Catabolism of Organic Compounds

Commercial Products and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Bacteria: the Proteobacteria

Other Bacteria

Archaea

Eukaryotic Cell Biology and Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Viral Diversity

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Major Microbial Habitats and Diversity

Nutrient Cycles, Biodegradation, and Bioremediation

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Growth Control

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Microbial Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Microbial Pathogens

Wastewater Treatment, Water Purification, and Waterborne Microbial Diseases

Food Preservation and Foodborne Microbial Diseases

Filters

Cells that have two of each chromosome are , whereas cells that have only one copy of each chromosome are .

Archaeal transcript splicing first uses a(n)to excise introns and lastly joins the exons together with _ .

Eukaryotic chromosomes contain both and _ that Archaea and Bacteria lack.

are introns that fold up to generate three- dimensional structures with _ activity.