Exam 22: Methods in Microbial Ecology

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Explain how flow cytometry can be used to study distinct microbial populations within a complex marine community. Provide specific examples of the different populations that could be studied individually.

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Question 1

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A flow cytometer can sort cell populations from a complex community based on their size as well as their fluorescent properties. Microbes containing chlorophyll can be separated from other microbes of the same size, so distinct algal populations can be studied. Depending on the gate sizes for separation, heterotrophic bacteria can also be separated into different populations. For example, one fraction could be obtained for 1- 3 µm sized microbes and another population of 4- 10 µm microbes could be studied separately.

Robotic systems used to quickly test thousands of combinations of nutrients for growth of organisms capable of growth is an example of a(n) _________technology.

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Question 2

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high- throughput

Two elements that have proven the most useful for stable isotope studies are __ and_.

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Question 3

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carbon / nitrogen / phosphorus / sulfur (any two)

Transcription of various genes can be studied using a reporter gene that encodes for_________.

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Question 4

The 13C/12C isotopic ratio of geological rocks of different ages has been used as evidence for or against past biological activity, because the biological and geological origins of these two isotopes__________.

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Question 5

The MPN technique is rarely applied in the food industry because any microbial presence in food is unsafe.

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Question 6

Metaproteomics is a more developed field than metatranscriptomics due to the high sensitivity of mass spectrometry.

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Question 7

Identify Martinus Beijerinck and explain his importance to microbiology.

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Question 8

Which technique would be used to estimate the concentration of Escherichia coli in a wastewater sample?

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Question 9

Strict anaerobic organisms are not suited for GFP reporters due to the protein requiring oxygen to fluoresce.

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Question 10

Which of the following fluorescent molecules does NOT kill microorganisms?

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Question 11

ARISA is a favored method over T- RFLP when the phylogenetic marker of interest is the_________.

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Question 12

An important consideration in enzymology and isotope probing involves the recognition that enzymes prefer metabolizing isotope substrates over _ isotope substrates.

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Question 13

How can NanoSIMS be used to determine which Roseobacters most strongly use DMSP as a sulfur source within a coastal marine environment? Also explain the NanoSIMS methodology.

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Question 14

When laser tweezers are used, the laser beam traps_________ .

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Question 15

Describe an experiment that could identify members capable of assimilating monomers of lignin within a microbial community.

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Question 16

A purpose of the enrichment culture technique is to separate different organisms from the microbial community.

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Question 17

An international standard used as a carbon isotope standard is

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Question 18

Thirty organisms containing the same phylogenetic marker are all considered to be within the same__________ .

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Question 19

The science of microbial ecology deals with

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Question 20

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Exam 22: Methods in Microbial Ecology

Explain how flow cytometry can be used to study distinct microbial populations within a complex marine community. Provide specific examples of the different populations that could be studied individually.

Robotic systems used to quickly test thousands of combinations of nutrients for growth of organisms capable of growth is an example of a(n) _________technology.

Two elements that have proven the most useful for stable isotope studies are __________ and_________.

Transcription of various genes can be studied using a reporter gene that encodes for_________.

The 13C/12C isotopic ratio of geological rocks of different ages has been used as evidence for or against past biological activity, because the biological and geological origins of these two isotopes__________.

The MPN technique is rarely applied in the food industry because any microbial presence in food is unsafe.

Metaproteomics is a more developed field than metatranscriptomics due to the high sensitivity of mass spectrometry.

Identify Martinus Beijerinck and explain his importance to microbiology.

Which technique would be used to estimate the concentration of Escherichia coli in a wastewater sample?

Strict anaerobic organisms are not suited for GFP reporters due to the protein requiring oxygen to fluoresce.

Which of the following fluorescent molecules does NOT kill microorganisms?

ARISA is a favored method over T- RFLP when the phylogenetic marker of interest is the_________.

An important consideration in enzymology and isotope probing involves the recognition that enzymes prefer metabolizing__________ isotope substrates over ___________ isotope substrates.

How can NanoSIMS be used to determine which Roseobacters most strongly use DMSP as a sulfur source within a coastal marine environment? Also explain the NanoSIMS methodology.

When laser tweezers are used, the laser beam traps_________ .

Describe an experiment that could identify members capable of assimilating monomers of lignin within a microbial community.

A purpose of the enrichment culture technique is to separate different organisms from the microbial community.

An international standard used as a carbon isotope standard is

Thirty organisms containing the same phylogenetic marker are all considered to be within the same__________ .

The science of microbial ecology deals with

Microorganisms and Microbiology

A Brief Journey to the Microbial World

Cell Structure and Function in Bacteria and Archaea

Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of Microorganisms

Microbial Growth

Molecular Biology of Bacteria

Archael and Eukaryotic Molecular Biology

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses and Virology

Genetics of Bacteria and Arachaea

Genetic Engineering

Microbial Genomics

Phototrophy, Chemolithotrophy, and Major Biosyntheses

Catabolism of Organic Compounds

Commercial Products and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Bacteria: the Proteobacteria

Other Bacteria

Archaea

Eukaryotic Cell Biology and Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Viral Diversity

Major Microbial Habitats and Diversity

Nutrient Cycles, Biodegradation, and Bioremediation

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Growth Control

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Microbial Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Microbial Pathogens

Wastewater Treatment, Water Purification, and Waterborne Microbial Diseases

Food Preservation and Foodborne Microbial Diseases

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Two elements that have proven the most useful for stable isotope studies are __ and_.

An important consideration in enzymology and isotope probing involves the recognition that enzymes prefer metabolizing isotope substrates over _ isotope substrates.