Exam 34: Vectorborne and Soilborne Microbial Pathogens

The three principle mechanisms by which fungi cause disease are: ________,________ , and________.

Hantaviruses are related to viruses such as________ and________ .

In bubonic plague, buboes are swellings formed in the lymph nodes and filled with

The hantavirus diagnosis can be made from several different types of ELISAs.

The malarial parasite growing within erythrocytes is more resistant than the free parasite to the drug chloroquine.

Virtually all cases of tetanus occur in individuals who have failed to receive tetanus toxoid booster immunizations.

The rickettsias are divided into groups based loosely on

Despite its seriousness, Lyme disease is limited almost exclusively to the northeastern United States.

Which insect functions in the host- to- host transmission of typhus?

For individuals with AIDS, systemic mycoses are especially serious and common.

Explain why a potentially rabid dog is held for up to two weeks to check for clinical signs of rabies. Also describe why humans are similar or dissimilar in this regard.

A PCR assay has been developed for the detection of the bacterium (Borrelia burgdorferi) that causes Lyme disease. Unfortunately this method cannot differentiate between an active disease and a treated or inactive disease.

Which disease(s) has/have been mistakenly diagnosed as measles or scarlet fever due to similarities in rash appearance?

Hantaviruses are most commonly transmitted by________ of virus- contaminated rodent________ .

Epizootic diseases often occur in wild animals on a periodic or cyclic basis.

Rabies infection in humans leads to typical symptoms in less than two weeks.

The hantaviruses are occasionally spread by person- to- person transmission, although infected rodents serve as the most common vector.

During outdoor activities, it is not uncommon to be bit by mosquitoes several times, so how does an individual know he/she has been infected with the West Nile virus? How would an infected individual be treated for the disease?

Describe the primary cause of viral hemorrhagic fever in the United States, and explain the typical cause of death for this disease.

Animal- transmitted diseases are generally spread to accidental hosts by