Exam 3: Cell Structure and Function in Bacteria and Archaea

The existence of nanobacteria was confirmed in 2006.

Morphology is a term that refers to the _______of an organism.

Compare and contrast the location and activities of periplasm- binding proteins of ABC transport systems in gram- negative and gram- positive Bacteria.

An organism of the genus Staphylococcus is_______ , while an organism of the genus Spirochaeta is _______.

A purple bacterial cell is interpreted as gram- positive when it forms insoluble crystal violet- iodine complexes within the cell during the Gram stain.

The rigid layer that is present in the cell walls of Bacteria that is primarily responsible for the strength of the wall is known as _______.

Poly- fi- hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) is a carbon- and energy- storing polymer.

Hopanoids strengthen the plasma membrane in prokaryotes and form a highly rigid membrane, analogous to the function of cholesterol in animals.

Chemotaxis is a sensory response affecting flagellar function.

An endotoxin is

The periplasm is a(n)

Elaborate on why the discovery of endospores was important to microbiology.

Smaller prokaryotic cells generally grow faster than larger ones due to a higher surface- area- to- volume ratio.

The prokaryotic transport system that involves a substrate- binding protein, a membrane- integrated transporter, and an ATP- hydrolyzing protein is

In phototaxis, photosynthetic organisms move away from a light source.

Speculate on why all prokaryotic transport systems require energy in some form or another.

What is the evolutionary advantage of the monolayer often found in archaeal membranes?

Explain why prokaryotes tend to adapt more rapidly to changing environmental conditions and more easily exploit new habitats than do eukaryotes.

The lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known as lipid A.

Describe the mechanisms by which certain prokaryotes glide. What are the ecological advantages of gliding motility?