Question 1

Jason is experiencing anxiety and adjustment problems with his new job.According to Kelly,this is probably because Jason

Accepted Answer

A) has not yet developed constructs that will allow him to deal with the new people and situations he encounters. 
B) is unable to understand the way other people construe the world. 
C) has had difficulty in this type of situation before. 
D) is not yet motivated enough to develop hypotheses about how things operate in this new environment. 
A) has not yet developed constructs that will allow him to deal with the new people and situations he encounters. 
B) is unable to understand the way other people construe the world. 
C) has had difficulty in this type of situation before. 
D) is not yet motivated enough to develop hypotheses about how things operate in this new environment.

Question 2

Schemas help us to do all of the following except one.Which one?

Accepted Answer

A) Perceive features in our environment 
B) Organize information 
C) Retrieve information from memory 
D) Avoid stereotyping 
A) Perceive features in our environment 
B) Organize information 
C) Retrieve information from memory 
D) Avoid stereotyping

Question 3

When practicing rational emotive therapy,a therapist will typically

Accepted Answer

A) look for the childhood experiences that contributed to the current problem. 
B) examine the logic the client uses that leads him or her to the emotional reaction. 
C) wait for the client to discover the source of the problem rather than suggest what the source might be. 
D) affirm to the client that he or she has good reasons to feel the way he or she does. 
A) look for the childhood experiences that contributed to the current problem. 
B) examine the logic the client uses that leads him or her to the emotional reaction. 
C) wait for the client to discover the source of the problem rather than suggest what the source might be. 
D) affirm to the client that he or she has good reasons to feel the way he or she does.

Question 4

Which of the following is true about the cognitive processes that produce behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) Behaviorists argued that the situation is processed in the "black box." 
B) The processing that takes place between situation and response is of little importance. 
C) Cognitive-affective units are equally accessible from memory. 
D) Cognitive theorists acknowledge that the situation often initiates behavior. 
A) Behaviorists argued that the situation is processed in the "black box." 
B) The processing that takes place between situation and response is of little importance. 
C) Cognitive-affective units are equally accessible from memory. 
D) Cognitive theorists acknowledge that the situation often initiates behavior.

Question 5

To obtain a sense of predictability,Kelly suggests that we engage in

Accepted Answer

A) theory construction. 
B) template matching. 
C) scientific discovery. 
D) hypothesis testing. 
A) theory construction. 
B) template matching. 
C) scientific discovery. 
D) hypothesis testing.

Question 6

The cognitive approach has been criticized in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A) It does not fit well with current trends in psychology. 
B) The research has given it little support. 
C) It is too specific and needs more abstraction. 
D) It is not needed to explain individual differences in behavior. 
A) It does not fit well with current trends in psychology. 
B) The research has given it little support. 
C) It is too specific and needs more abstraction. 
D) It is not needed to explain individual differences in behavior.

Question 7

Which of the following is not one of the representations of self,according to self-discrepancy theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Should self 
B) Ideal self 
C) Actual self 
D) Ought self 
A) Should self 
B) Ideal self 
C) Actual self 
D) Ought self

Question 8

Which of the following is correct about cognitive-affective units?

Accepted Answer

A) They are basically the same for everyone. 
B) They are equally accessible in memory. 
C) How we interpret a situation depends on which cognitive-affective units are activated. 
D) Cognitive therapists try to reduce the number of cognitive-affective units in their clients. 
A) They are basically the same for everyone. 
B) They are equally accessible in memory. 
C) How we interpret a situation depends on which cognitive-affective units are activated. 
D) Cognitive therapists try to reduce the number of cognitive-affective units in their clients.

Question 9

One of the criticisms of the cognitive approach to personality is that many of the concepts introduced by cognitive theorists may not be necessary to explain human behavior.This criticism refers to the

Accepted Answer

A) need to limit science to observable behaviors. 
B) lack of evidence for consistency in personality over time and across situations. 
C) law of parsimony. 
D) need for empirical evidence to support hypotheses derived from theory. 
A) need to limit science to observable behaviors. 
B) lack of evidence for consistency in personality over time and across situations. 
C) law of parsimony. 
D) need for empirical evidence to support hypotheses derived from theory.

Question 10

In effect,the Rep Test was designed to measure

Accepted Answer

A) personal constructs. 
B) possible selves. 
C) self-schemas. 
D) the use of irrational beliefs. 
A) personal constructs. 
B) possible selves. 
C) self-schemas. 
D) the use of irrational beliefs.

Question 11

Which of the following was advocated by George Kelly?

Accepted Answer

A) People are largely controlled by the environmental stimuli they encounter. 
B) People are motivated to make sense out of all the stimuli that impinge on them. 
C) People are happier when they accept that life is full of unexpected turns and surprises. 
D) Most of what determines our behavior is not readily accessible to consciousness. 
A) People are largely controlled by the environmental stimuli they encounter. 
B) People are motivated to make sense out of all the stimuli that impinge on them. 
C) People are happier when they accept that life is full of unexpected turns and surprises. 
D) Most of what determines our behavior is not readily accessible to consciousness.

Question 12

One study of the self-schema presented students with 40 questions for which they pressed yes or no. Researchers found that participants were more likely to remember the information when

Accepted Answer

A) the words had the ability to generate emotions. 
B) participants were asked about a rhyme. 
C) a self-referent question was difficult to answer. 
D) the question was processed about the participants themselves. 
A) the words had the ability to generate emotions. 
B) participants were asked about a rhyme. 
C) a self-referent question was difficult to answer. 
D) the question was processed about the participants themselves.

Question 13

According to Kelly,construct systems are never perfect. When constructs fail us as we try to predict events,

Accepted Answer

A) old constructs are selected out of the system. 
B) healthy people fail to consider new information. 
C) new constructs are constantly generated to replace the old ones. 
D) it lessens our ability to predict what will happen the next time. 
A) old constructs are selected out of the system. 
B) healthy people fail to consider new information. 
C) new constructs are constantly generated to replace the old ones. 
D) it lessens our ability to predict what will happen the next time.

Question 14

In addition to allowing for rapid processing of schema-relevant information,self-schemas provide a framework for

Accepted Answer

A) organizing relevant information. 
B) self-understanding. 
C) processing unconscious feelings. 
D) recalling life events. 
A) organizing relevant information. 
B) self-understanding. 
C) processing unconscious feelings. 
D) recalling life events.

Question 15

Participants in one study recalled words better when they had been asked first whether or not the word described them (rather than,for example,if the word had been printed in large letters).Researchers interpret this to mean that

Accepted Answer

A) the participants had to think about the word more when asked if it described them. 
B) the self-description questions generated more interest for the participants than the other questions. 
C) the self-description questions generated a stronger emotional reaction for the participants than the other questions. 
D) the participants processed the information for the self-description questions through a self-schema. 
A) the participants had to think about the word more when asked if it described them. 
B) the self-description questions generated more interest for the participants than the other questions. 
C) the self-description questions generated a stronger emotional reaction for the participants than the other questions. 
D) the participants processed the information for the self-description questions through a self-schema.

Question 16

Cognitive personality researchers have looked at each of the following kinds of mental representations except one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

A) Self-schemas 
B) Possible selves 
C) Personal constructs 
D) Self-efficacy 
A) Self-schemas 
B) Possible selves 
C) Personal constructs 
D) Self-efficacy

Question 17

Albert Ellis describes an A-B-C reasoning process that creates unnecessary emotional problems.Which step in this reasoning process does he draw to the client's attention during rational emotive therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) The activating experience, such as failing a test. 
B) The unstated belief, such as "I should be good at everything I do." 
C) The emotional consequence, such as depression. 
D) The childhood experiences that made the person vulnerable to emotional problems. 
A) The activating experience, such as failing a test. 
B) The unstated belief, such as "I should be good at everything I do." 
C) The emotional consequence, such as depression. 
D) The childhood experiences that made the person vulnerable to emotional problems.

Jason is experiencing anxiety and adjustment problems with his new job.According to Kelly,this is probably because Jason

Schemas help us to do all of the following except one.Which one?

When practicing rational emotive therapy,a therapist will typically

Which of the following is true about the cognitive processes that produce behavior?

To obtain a sense of predictability,Kelly suggests that we engage in

The cognitive approach has been criticized in which of the following ways?

Which of the following is not one of the representations of self,according to self-discrepancy theory?

Which of the following is correct about cognitive-affective units?

One of the criticisms of the cognitive approach to personality is that many of the concepts introduced by cognitive theorists may not be necessary to explain human behavior.This criticism refers to the

In effect,the Rep Test was designed to measure

Which of the following was advocated by George Kelly?

One study of the self-schema presented students with 40 questions for which they pressed yes or no. Researchers found that participants were more likely to remember the information when

According to Kelly,construct systems are never perfect. When constructs fail us as we try to predict events,

In addition to allowing for rapid processing of schema-relevant information,self-schemas provide a framework for

Participants in one study recalled words better when they had been asked first whether or not the word described them (rather than,for example,if the word had been printed in large letters).Researchers interpret this to mean that

Cognitive personality researchers have looked at each of the following kinds of mental representations except one. Which one?

Albert Ellis describes an A-B-C reasoning process that creates unnecessary emotional problems.Which step in this reasoning process does he draw to the client's attention during rational emotive therapy?

What Is Personality?

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioral/Social Learning Approach: Theory,Application,and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research

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Exam 15: The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

Jason is experiencing anxiety and adjustment problems with his new job.According to Kelly,this is probably because Jason

Schemas help us to do all of the following except one.Which one?

When practicing rational emotive therapy,a therapist will typically

Which of the following is true about the cognitive processes that produce behavior?

To obtain a sense of predictability,Kelly suggests that we engage in

The cognitive approach has been criticized in which of the following ways?

Which of the following is not one of the representations of self,according to self-discrepancy theory?

Which of the following is correct about cognitive-affective units?

One of the criticisms of the cognitive approach to personality is that many of the concepts introduced by cognitive theorists may not be necessary to explain human behavior.This criticism refers to the

In effect,the Rep Test was designed to measure

Which of the following was advocated by George Kelly?

One study of the self-schema presented students with 40 questions for which they pressed yes or no. Researchers found that participants were more likely to remember the information when

According to Kelly,construct systems are never perfect. When constructs fail us as we try to predict events,

In addition to allowing for rapid processing of schema-relevant information,self-schemas provide a framework for

Participants in one study recalled words better when they had been asked first whether or not the word described them (rather than,for example,if the word had been printed in large letters).Researchers interpret this to mean that

Cognitive personality researchers have looked at each of the following kinds of mental representations except one. Which one?

Albert Ellis describes an A-B-C reasoning process that creates unnecessary emotional problems.Which step in this reasoning process does he draw to the client's attention during rational emotive therapy?

What Is Personality?

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioral/Social Learning Approach: Theory,Application,and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research

Filters