Question 1

Please define the following key terms.
-René Descartes

Accepted Answer

René Descartes was a French philosopher,

Question 2

Please define the following key terms.
-Antoine Lavoisier

Accepted Answer

Antoine Lavoisier was a French chemist w

Question 3

Galileo used his telescope to discover

Accepted Answer

A) the temperature of the Sun. 
B) the geography of Neptune. 
C) Jupiter's moons. 
D) gravity. 
E) the size of the universe. 
A) the temperature of the Sun. 
B) the geography of Neptune. 
C) Jupiter's moons. 
D) gravity. 
E) the size of the universe.

Question 4

What was the foundation of Francis Bacon's methodology?

Accepted Answer

A) Inductive reasoning 
B) Speculative reasoning 
C) Deductive reasoning 
D) Triangulation 
E) Stream of consciousness 
A) Inductive reasoning 
B) Speculative reasoning 
C) Deductive reasoning 
D) Triangulation 
E) Stream of consciousness

Question 5

Please define the following key terms.
-Pensées

Accepted Answer

"Pensées" is a collection of fragments o

Question 6

Which scientist solved the problem of explaining the motion of the universe?

Accepted Answer

A) Newton 
B) Copernicus 
C) Galileo 
D) Kepler 
E) Galen 
A) Newton 
B) Copernicus 
C) Galileo 
D) Kepler 
E) Galen

Question 7

How could the world be understood according to Descartes?

Accepted Answer

A) By the same principles inherent in mathematical thinking 
B) By quiet contemplation and following of the Scriptures 
C) By mystical experiences 
D) By interpreting dreams and applying that knowledge to our everyday lives 
E) By incorporating the mind with the body 
A) By the same principles inherent in mathematical thinking 
B) By quiet contemplation and following of the Scriptures 
C) By mystical experiences 
D) By interpreting dreams and applying that knowledge to our everyday lives 
E) By incorporating the mind with the body

Question 8

Who sought to discover the "music of the spheres"?

Accepted Answer

A) Galileo 
B) Kepler 
C) Newton 
D) Galen 
E) Harvey 
A) Galileo 
B) Kepler 
C) Newton 
D) Galen 
E) Harvey

Question 9

What was the name of Descartes' book that outlined his theories about the universe?

Accepted Answer

A) On the Revolution of Heavenly Bodies 
B) On the Fabric of the Human Body 
C) Two Natures 
D) Mind Over Matter 
E) Discourse on Method 
A) On the Revolution of Heavenly Bodies 
B) On the Fabric of the Human Body 
C) Two Natures 
D) Mind Over Matter 
E) Discourse on Method

Question 10

In the Principia, Newton described his

Accepted Answer

A) understanding of God and salvation. 
B) three laws of motion. 
C) views on Galileo and Kepler. 
D) fascination with mystical visions. 
E) theory of gasses and liquids. 
A) understanding of God and salvation. 
B) three laws of motion. 
C) views on Galileo and Kepler. 
D) fascination with mystical visions. 
E) theory of gasses and liquids.

Question 11

Please define the following key terms.
-heliocentric conception

Accepted Answer

The heliocentric conception refers to th

Question 12

In Grounds of Natural Philosophy, ____ attacked the defects of the rationalist approach to scientific knowledge.

Accepted Answer

A) Cavendish 
B) Winkelmann 
C) Bacon 
D) Descartes 
E) Harvey 
A) Cavendish 
B) Winkelmann 
C) Bacon 
D) Descartes 
E) Harvey

Question 13

Kepler believed that the orbits of the planets were

Accepted Answer

A) elliptical. 
B) circular. 
C) random. 
D) unknowable. 
E) variable. 
A) elliptical. 
B) circular. 
C) random. 
D) unknowable. 
E) variable.

Question 14

Please define the following key terms.
-Principia

Accepted Answer

Principia is a Latin word that means "pr

Question 15

What was the title of Copernicus's most important book?

Accepted Answer

A) On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres 
B) Novum Organum 
C) Principia 
D) On the Motion of the Heart and Blood 
E) The Great Instauration 
A) On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres 
B) Novum Organum 
C) Principia 
D) On the Motion of the Heart and Blood 
E) The Great Instauration

Question 16

What was rationalism? Why is Descartes considered the founder of "modern rationalism"?

Accepted Answer

Rationalism was a philosophical movement

Question 17

Francis Bacon stressed the importance of observation and experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which statement applies to scholars devoted to Hermeticism?

Accepted Answer

A) They believed that the world was a very recent creation still imperfect. 
B) They credited the devil with control over the dark secrets of nature. 
C) They saw the world as a living embodiment of divinity where humans could use mathematics and magic to dominate nature. 
D) They retreated from study of the natural world to concentrate on mastery of theories of magic. 
E) They believed that in the future human beings would become gods. 
A) They believed that the world was a very recent creation still imperfect. 
B) They credited the devil with control over the dark secrets of nature. 
C) They saw the world as a living embodiment of divinity where humans could use mathematics and magic to dominate nature. 
D) They retreated from study of the natural world to concentrate on mastery of theories of magic. 
E) They believed that in the future human beings would become gods.

Question 19

According to Bacon, science should begin with

Accepted Answer

A) generalizations. 
B) observations. 
C) basic laws. 
D) a solid scriptural foundation. 
E) faith. 
A) generalizations. 
B) observations. 
C) basic laws. 
D) a solid scriptural foundation. 
E) faith.

Question 20

Which second-century Greek physician provided the major model for medicine in the late medieval period?

Accepted Answer

A) Vesalius 
B) Boyle 
C) Galen 
D) Galileo 
E) Harvey 
A) Vesalius 
B) Boyle 
C) Galen 
D) Galileo 
E) Harvey

Exam 16: Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: The Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science.

Please define the following key terms. -René Descartes

Please define the following key terms. -Antoine Lavoisier

Galileo used his telescope to discover

What was the foundation of Francis Bacon's methodology?

Please define the following key terms. -Pensées

Which scientist solved the problem of explaining the motion of the universe?

How could the world be understood according to Descartes?

Who sought to discover the "music of the spheres"?

What was the name of Descartes' book that outlined his theories about the universe?

In the Principia, Newton described his

Please define the following key terms. -heliocentric conception

In Grounds of Natural Philosophy, ____ attacked the defects of the rationalist approach to scientific knowledge.

Kepler believed that the orbits of the planets were

Please define the following key terms. -Principia

What was the title of Copernicus's most important book?

What was rationalism? Why is Descartes considered the founder of "modern rationalism"?

Francis Bacon stressed the importance of observation and experiment.

Which statement applies to scholars devoted to Hermeticism?

According to Bacon, science should begin with

Which second-century Greek physician provided the major model for medicine in the late medieval period?

The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations.

The Ancient Near East: Peoples and Empires.

The Civilization of the Greeks.

The Hellenistic World.

The Roman Republic.

The Roman Empire.

Late Antiquity and the Emergence of the Medieval World.

European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750–1000.

The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages.

The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power.

The Later Middle Ages: Crisis and Disintegration in the Fourteenth Century.

Recovery and Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance.

Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century.

Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500–1800.

State Building and the Search for Order in the Seventeenth Century.

The Eighteenth Century: An Age of Enlightenment.

The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change.

A Revolution in Politics: The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon.

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society.

Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815–1850.

An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850–1871.

Mass Society in an “Age of Progress,” 1871–1894.

An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894–1914.

The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution.

The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the Wars, 1919–1939.

The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War II.

Cold War and a New Western World, 1945–1965.

Protest and Stagnation: The Western World, 1965–1985.

After the Fall: The Western World in a Global Age (Since 1985)

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