Question 1

Can we prove that a proposition is true by disproving its contradictory?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, because the proposition must be true if its contradictory is false. 
B) Yes, but the proof would lack certainty. 
C) No, but we could prove it by disproving its contrary. 
D) No, but we could prove it by disproving its subcontrary. 
E) No, because both the proposition and its contradictory could be false. 
A) Yes, because the proposition must be true if its contradictory is false. 
B) Yes, but the proof would lack certainty. 
C) No, but we could prove it by disproving its contrary. 
D) No, but we could prove it by disproving its subcontrary. 
E) No, because both the proposition and its contradictory could be false.

Question 2

When a categorical proposition is put into standard form:

Accepted Answer

A) some information is always lost 
B) some information is sometimes lost 
C) new information is always introduced 
D) some information is always lost and some information is always introduced 
E) the information ought to remain the same 
A) some information is always lost 
B) some information is sometimes lost 
C) new information is always introduced 
D) some information is always lost and some information is always introduced 
E) the information ought to remain the same

Question 3

What is the contrary of the proposition "All publicity is good publicity"?

Accepted Answer

A) No good publicity is publicity. 
B) Some publicity is not good publicity. 
C) All good publicity is publicity. 
D) No publicity is good publicity. 
E) Some publicity is good publicity. 
A) No good publicity is publicity. 
B) Some publicity is not good publicity. 
C) All good publicity is publicity. 
D) No publicity is good publicity. 
E) Some publicity is good publicity.

Question 4

What is the predicate class in the following proposition? Every good idea is a step in the right direction.

Accepted Answer

A) good idea 
B) is 
C) every good idea is 
D) right direction 
E) step in the right direction 
A) good idea 
B) is 
C) every good idea is 
D) right direction 
E) step in the right direction

Question 5

Which Venn diagram represents the proposition "Some S are P"?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 6

In the traditional square of opposition, if the A proposition is true, then which proposition(s) must be false?

Accepted Answer

A) only E 
B) only I 
C) only O 
D) E and O 
E) none 
A) only E 
B) only I 
C) only O 
D) E and O 
E) none

Question 7

Can a declarative English sentence be put into standard form as a categorical proposition if its subject is a pronoun?

Accepted Answer

A) No, since a pronoun does not provide enough information to serve as a subject. 
B) No, since logic considers pronouns to be completely meaningless. 
C) No, since pronouns represent referents rather than concepts. 
D) Yes, but it would be preferable to replace the pronoun with its antecedent. 
E) Yes, and it would be preferable to leave the pronoun as is, rather than replacing it with its antecedent. 
A) No, since a pronoun does not provide enough information to serve as a subject. 
B) No, since logic considers pronouns to be completely meaningless. 
C) No, since pronouns represent referents rather than concepts. 
D) Yes, but it would be preferable to replace the pronoun with its antecedent. 
E) Yes, and it would be preferable to leave the pronoun as is, rather than replacing it with its antecedent.

Question 8

What is the converse of the proposition "No women have been U.S.presidents"?

Accepted Answer

A) No U.S.presidents have been women. 
B) Some women have been U.S.presidents. 
C) All women have been U.S.presidents. 
D) Some women have not been U.S.presidents. 
E) Some U.S.presidents have not been women. 
A) No U.S.presidents have been women. 
B) Some women have been U.S.presidents. 
C) All women have been U.S.presidents. 
D) Some women have not been U.S.presidents. 
E) Some U.S.presidents have not been women.

Question 9

Must the subject and predicate each be a single word?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes. 
B) No. 
C) The subject must be a single word, but the predicate can be more than one. 
D) The predicate must be a single word, but the subject can be more than one. 
E) It doesn't matter, as long as the subject and predicate have the same number of words. 
A) Yes. 
B) No. 
C) The subject must be a single word, but the predicate can be more than one. 
D) The predicate must be a single word, but the subject can be more than one. 
E) It doesn't matter, as long as the subject and predicate have the same number of words.

Question 10

What is the subcontrary of the proposition "Some rabbits are rascally"?

Accepted Answer

A) Some rabbits are not rascally. 
B) Some rascally things are not rabbits. 
C) Some rascally things are rabbits. 
D) No rabbit is rascally. 
E) All rascally things are rabbits. 
A) Some rabbits are not rascally. 
B) Some rascally things are not rabbits. 
C) Some rascally things are rabbits. 
D) No rabbit is rascally. 
E) All rascally things are rabbits.

Question 11

Does every categorical proposition have a contradictory?

Accepted Answer

A) No, because some categorical propositions are neither true nor false. 
B) No, because some subjects and predicates are so intimately connected that it is impossible to deny their connection. 
C) No, because some categorical propositions have contraries instead. 
D) Yes, because every possible sentence (even if it isn't a categorical proposition) has a contradictory. 
E) Yes, because every categorical proposition can be denied. 
A) No, because some categorical propositions are neither true nor false. 
B) No, because some subjects and predicates are so intimately connected that it is impossible to deny their connection. 
C) No, because some categorical propositions have contraries instead. 
D) Yes, because every possible sentence (even if it isn't a categorical proposition) has a contradictory. 
E) Yes, because every categorical proposition can be denied.

Question 12

What is the obverse of the proposition "All knives are nonfirearms"?

Accepted Answer

A) No knife is a firearm. 
B) Some knives are not firearms. 
C) All nonfirearms are knives. 
D) All firearms are nonknives. 
E) No nonknife is a firearm. 
A) No knife is a firearm. 
B) Some knives are not firearms. 
C) All nonfirearms are knives. 
D) All firearms are nonknives. 
E) No nonknife is a firearm.

Question 13

The converse of a proposition is formed by:

Accepted Answer

A) swapping the subject and predicate 
B) swapping the subject and predicate and changing the quality of the proposition 
C) swapping the subject and predicate and changing the quantity of the proposition 
D) changing the quality and quantity of the proposition 
E) changing the quality of the proposition 
A) swapping the subject and predicate 
B) swapping the subject and predicate and changing the quality of the proposition 
C) swapping the subject and predicate and changing the quantity of the proposition 
D) changing the quality and quantity of the proposition 
E) changing the quality of the proposition

Question 14

Must the predicate of a categorical proposition be a verb?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, because otherwise the proposition would have no verb and not be a complete sentence. 
B) Yes, because only verbs form broad enough classes to serve as predicates. 
C) No, as long as the first word is a verb. 
D) No, because the verb is supplied by the copula. 
E) No, as long as the predicate contains a verb. 
A) Yes, because otherwise the proposition would have no verb and not be a complete sentence. 
B) Yes, because only verbs form broad enough classes to serve as predicates. 
C) No, as long as the first word is a verb. 
D) No, because the verb is supplied by the copula. 
E) No, as long as the predicate contains a verb.

Question 15

If the following sentence were put into standard form as a categorical proposition, what would the copula be? Everyone in my office can keep a secret.

Accepted Answer

A) are 
B) are not 
C) is 
D) is not 
E) can 
A) are 
B) are not 
C) is 
D) is not 
E) can

Question 16

In subalternates, the propositions always have the forms:

Accepted Answer

A) E and O, or E and I 
B) I and O 
C) A and O, or E and I 
D) A and I, or E and O 
E) A and E 
A) E and O, or E and I 
B) I and O 
C) A and O, or E and I 
D) A and I, or E and O 
E) A and E

Question 17

According to the modern view of existential import, which of the following propositions has existential import?

Accepted Answer

A) All dogs are animals. 
B) Some unicorns have horns. 
C) All students who miss three or more classes will fail the course. 
D) No news is good news. 
E) No S is P. 
A) All dogs are animals. 
B) Some unicorns have horns. 
C) All students who miss three or more classes will fail the course. 
D) No news is good news. 
E) No S is P.

Question 18

If we apply conversion, obversion, and contraposition to a categorical proposition, how many of the resulting propositions will be equivalent to the original?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 2 for universal propositions, 3 for particular ones 
E) 2 for affirmative propositions, 3 for negative ones 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 2 for universal propositions, 3 for particular ones 
E) 2 for affirmative propositions, 3 for negative ones

Question 19

Contradictories are propositions such that:

Accepted Answer

A) they could not both be false, but could both be true 
B) they could not both be true, but could both be false 
C) if the universal is true, then the particular must be true 
D) if the universal is false, then the particular must be false 
E) they cannot both be true, and they cannot both be false 
A) they could not both be false, but could both be true 
B) they could not both be true, but could both be false 
C) if the universal is true, then the particular must be true 
D) if the universal is false, then the particular must be false 
E) they cannot both be true, and they cannot both be false

Question 20

What is the relationship between "Some relatives are not friends" and "Some relatives are non-friends"?

Accepted Answer

A) subcontraries 
B) converses 
C) subalternates 
D) contrapositives 
E) obverses 
A) subcontraries 
B) converses 
C) subalternates 
D) contrapositives 
E) obverses

Can we prove that a proposition is true by disproving its contradictory?

When a categorical proposition is put into standard form:

What is the contrary of the proposition "All publicity is good publicity"?

What is the predicate class in the following proposition? Every good idea is a step in the right direction.

Which Venn diagram represents the proposition "Some S are P"?

In the traditional square of opposition, if the A proposition is true, then which proposition(s) must be false?

Can a declarative English sentence be put into standard form as a categorical proposition if its subject is a pronoun?

What is the converse of the proposition "No women have been U.S.presidents"?

Must the subject and predicate each be a single word?

What is the subcontrary of the proposition "Some rabbits are rascally"?

Does every categorical proposition have a contradictory?

What is the obverse of the proposition "All knives are nonfirearms"?

The converse of a proposition is formed by:

Must the predicate of a categorical proposition be a verb?

If the following sentence were put into standard form as a categorical proposition, what would the copula be? Everyone in my office can keep a secret.

In subalternates, the propositions always have the forms:

According to the modern view of existential import, which of the following propositions has existential import?

If we apply conversion, obversion, and contraposition to a categorical proposition, how many of the resulting propositions will be equivalent to the original?

Contradictories are propositions such that:

What is the relationship between "Some relatives are not friends" and "Some relatives are non-friends"?

Classification

Definitions

Propositions

Argument Analysis

Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Reasoning With Syllogisms

Propositional Logic-Propositions

Propositional Logic-Arguments

Predicate Logic

Inductive Generalizations

Argument by Analogy

Statistical Reasoning

Explanation

Probability

Filters

Exam 6: Categorical Propositions

Can we prove that a proposition is true by disproving its contradictory?

When a categorical proposition is put into standard form:

What is the contrary of the proposition "All publicity is good publicity"?

What is the predicate class in the following proposition? Every good idea is a step in the right direction.

Which Venn diagram represents the proposition "Some S are P"?

In the traditional square of opposition, if the A proposition is true, then which proposition(s) must be false?

Can a declarative English sentence be put into standard form as a categorical proposition if its subject is a pronoun?

What is the converse of the proposition "No women have been U.S.presidents"?

Must the subject and predicate each be a single word?

What is the subcontrary of the proposition "Some rabbits are rascally"?

Does every categorical proposition have a contradictory?

What is the obverse of the proposition "All knives are nonfirearms"?

The converse of a proposition is formed by:

Must the predicate of a categorical proposition be a verb?

If the following sentence were put into standard form as a categorical proposition, what would the copula be? Everyone in my office can keep a secret.

In subalternates, the propositions always have the forms:

According to the modern view of existential import, which of the following propositions has existential import?

If we apply conversion, obversion, and contraposition to a categorical proposition, how many of the resulting propositions will be equivalent to the original?

Contradictories are propositions such that:

What is the relationship between "Some relatives are not friends" and "Some relatives are non-friends"?

Classification

Definitions

Propositions

Argument Analysis

Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Reasoning With Syllogisms

Propositional Logic-Propositions

Propositional Logic-Arguments

Predicate Logic

Inductive Generalizations

Argument by Analogy

Statistical Reasoning

Explanation

Probability

Filters