Question 1

Weighing the Evidence Statistical tests allow us to

Accepted Answer

A) determine the exact odds that the independent variable is responsible for the differences we observe between treatment groups. 
B) compare the differences between treatment groups to normal variability in the dependent variable. 
C) estimate the risk of committing a Type 2 error. 
D) prove that the research hypothesis is true. 
A) determine the exact odds that the independent variable is responsible for the differences we observe between treatment groups. 
B) compare the differences between treatment groups to normal variability in the dependent variable. 
C) estimate the risk of committing a Type 2 error. 
D) prove that the research hypothesis is true. B

Question 2

Weighing the Evidence As the variability in a dependent variable ____, it becomes ____ to reject the null hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) increases, easier 
B) increases, harder 
C) decreases, harder 
D) none of these 
A) increases, easier 
B) increases, harder 
C) decreases, harder 
D) none of these B

Question 3

Applying Statistical Inference: An Example All of these illustrate a directional hypothesis except:

Accepted Answer

A) Behavior therapy combined with antidepressant medication produces greater improvement in depressive symptoms than behavior therapy
Alone. 
B) EEG biofeedback combined with a traditional 12-step program produces a higher abstinence rate in alcoholics than a traditional 12-step program
Alone. 
C) Students experience more colds during midterms than the rest of the semester. 
D) The risk of heart attack differs for patients who exercise or who are sedentary. 
A) Behavior therapy combined with antidepressant medication produces greater improvement in depressive symptoms than behavior therapy
Alone. 
B) EEG biofeedback combined with a traditional 12-step program produces a higher abstinence rate in alcoholics than a traditional 12-step program
Alone. 
C) Students experience more colds during midterms than the rest of the semester. 
D) The risk of heart attack differs for patients who exercise or who are sedentary. D

Question 4

Weighing the Evidence The Ms.Adams detective story makes the point that statistical tests allow us to

Accepted Answer

A) create an airtight case that proves the independent variable had an effect. 
B) make statements about the likelihood that the independent variable had an effect. 
C) prove the experimental hypothesis. 
D) prove the null hypothesis. 
A) create an airtight case that proves the independent variable had an effect. 
B) make statements about the likelihood that the independent variable had an effect. 
C) prove the experimental hypothesis. 
D) prove the null hypothesis.

Question 5

Applying Statistical Inference: An Example Statisticians use ____ to represent the power of an inferential test.

Accepted Answer

A) alpha 
B) beta 
C) 1-alpha 
D) 1-beta 
A) alpha 
B) beta 
C) 1-alpha 
D) 1-beta

Question 6

Applying Statistical Inference: An Example Donovan conducted an experiment to test the hypothesis that subjects learn words with positive connotations more quickly than words with negative connotations.Although the experimental manipulation produced a real effect, there was so much variability among subject responses that Donovan decided he could not reject the null hypothesis.Donovan's decision illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) experimental error. 
B) measurement error. 
C) Type 1 error. 
D) Type 2 error. 
A) experimental error. 
B) measurement error. 
C) Type 1 error. 
D) Type 2 error.

Question 7

Weighing the Evidence We never directly test ____ when we evaluate the results of an experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) H1 
B) the alternative hypothesis 
C) the null hypothesis 
D) H1 or the alternative hypothesis 
A) H1 
B) the alternative hypothesis 
C) the null hypothesis 
D) H1 or the alternative hypothesis

Question 8

Organizing and Summarizing Data If the standard deviation of a distribution of test scores is 3 points, this means that

Accepted Answer

A) the average score was 3. 
B) the average deviation score was 3. 
C) three scores were above the mean and three scores were below the mean. 
D) we can expect subjects in the group to deviate from the group mean by an average of 3 points. 
A) the average score was 3. 
B) the average deviation score was 3. 
C) three scores were above the mean and three scores were below the mean. 
D) we can expect subjects in the group to deviate from the group mean by an average of 3 points.

Question 9

Applying Statistical Inference: An Example We commit a Type 2 error when we

Accepted Answer

A) accept the null hypothesis when it is true. 
B) fail to reject the alternative hypothesis when it is false. 
C) fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false. 
D) report that our findings are significant when they are not. 
A) accept the null hypothesis when it is true. 
B) fail to reject the alternative hypothesis when it is false. 
C) fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false. 
D) report that our findings are significant when they are not.

Question 10

Weighing the Evidence ____ makes statements about a population and all its samples based on sample data.

Accepted Answer

A) Power analysis 
B) Replication 
C) Significance testing 
D) Statistical inference 
A) Power analysis 
B) Replication 
C) Significance testing 
D) Statistical inference

Question 11

Applying Statistical Inference: An Example When we change the level of significance from .05 to .01, the probability of a Type 1 error ____ and the probability of a Type 2 error

Accepted Answer

A) decreases, decreases. 
B) decreases, increases. 
C) increases, decreases. 
D) increases, increases. 
A) decreases, decreases. 
B) decreases, increases. 
C) increases, decreases. 
D) increases, increases.

Question 12

Applying Statistical Inference: An Example We can increase the power of a statistical test by

Accepted Answer

A) adopting a more extreme (.01 versus .05) significance level. 
B) increasing beta. 
C) increasing sample size. 
D) selecting a nonparametric test. 
A) adopting a more extreme (.01 versus .05) significance level. 
B) increasing beta. 
C) increasing sample size. 
D) selecting a nonparametric test.

Question 13

Weighing the Evidence Researchers directly test the ____ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) alternative 
B) experimental 
C) null 
D) research 
A) alternative 
B) experimental 
C) null 
D) research

Question 14

Weighing the Evidence When a researcher rejects the null hypothesis, this means that the experimental results

Accepted Answer

A) are meaningful. 
B) are proven. 
C) are statistically significant. 
D) can be replicated. 
A) are meaningful. 
B) are proven. 
C) are statistically significant. 
D) can be replicated.

Question 15

Weighing the Evidence An experimenter has the greatest confidence when using a ____ to represent the larger population.

Accepted Answer

A) convenience sample 
B) random sample 
C) sample with unique characteristics 
D) treatment block 
A) convenience sample 
B) random sample 
C) sample with unique characteristics 
D) treatment block

Question 16

Going Beyond Testing the Null Hypothesis Cohen persuasively argued that we should supplement probability values for rejecting the null hypothesis with

Accepted Answer

A) qualitative reports. 
B) effect size. 
C) confidence intervals. 
D) effect size and confidence intervals. 
A) qualitative reports. 
B) effect size. 
C) confidence intervals. 
D) effect size and confidence intervals.

Question 17

The Odds of Finding Significance For a two-tailed test of a hypothesis, each of the critical regions would be bounded by ___ if you chose

Accepted Answer

A) .01 
B) .025 
C) .05 
D) .10 
A) .01 
B) .025 
C) .05 
D) .10

Question 18

Organizing and Summarizing Data The ____ divides a distribution of scores in half.

Accepted Answer

A) mean 
B) median 
C) mode 
D) range 
A) mean 
B) median 
C) mode 
D) range

Question 19

Going Beyond Testing the Null Hypothesis Psychological Science has replaced p values with

Accepted Answer

A) confidence intervals. 
B) nonparametric statistics. 
C) effect size. 
D) the average probability of replication. 
A) confidence intervals. 
B) nonparametric statistics. 
C) effect size. 
D) the average probability of replication.

Question 20

Weighing the Evidence Dr.L.compared the effectiveness of EEG biofeedback and stimulant medication in treating Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity.He assessed 40 teenage subjects using DSM-IV criteria and then randomly assigned them to either EEG biofeedback with stimulant medication or stimulant medication alone.The subjects were treated for 9 months and then reassessed.Since the EEG biofeedback with stimulant medication group showed greater symptom reduction than the stimulant medication only group, he

Accepted Answer

A) concluded that both groups were sampled from the same population. 
B) rejected the alternative hypothesis. 
C) rejected the null hypothesis. 
D) rejected the research hypothesis. 
A) concluded that both groups were sampled from the same population. 
B) rejected the alternative hypothesis. 
C) rejected the null hypothesis. 
D) rejected the research hypothesis.

Weighing the Evidence Statistical tests allow us to

Weighing the Evidence As the variability in a dependent variable , it becomes to reject the null hypothesis.

Applying Statistical Inference: An Example All of these illustrate a directional hypothesis except:

Weighing the Evidence The Ms.Adams detective story makes the point that statistical tests allow us to

Applying Statistical Inference: An Example Statisticians use ____ to represent the power of an inferential test.

Weighing the Evidence We never directly test ____ when we evaluate the results of an experiment.

Organizing and Summarizing Data If the standard deviation of a distribution of test scores is 3 points, this means that

Applying Statistical Inference: An Example We commit a Type 2 error when we

Weighing the Evidence ____ makes statements about a population and all its samples based on sample data.

Applying Statistical Inference: An Example When we change the level of significance from .05 to .01, the probability of a Type 1 error ____ and the probability of a Type 2 error

Applying Statistical Inference: An Example We can increase the power of a statistical test by

Weighing the Evidence Researchers directly test the ____ hypothesis.

Weighing the Evidence When a researcher rejects the null hypothesis, this means that the experimental results

Weighing the Evidence An experimenter has the greatest confidence when using a ____ to represent the larger population.

Going Beyond Testing the Null Hypothesis Cohen persuasively argued that we should supplement probability values for rejecting the null hypothesis with

The Odds of Finding Significance For a two-tailed test of a hypothesis, each of the critical regions would be bounded by ___ if you chose

Organizing and Summarizing Data The ____ divides a distribution of scores in half.

Going Beyond Testing the Null Hypothesis Psychological Science has replaced p values with

Experimental Psychology and the Scientific Method

Research Ethics

Alternatives to Experimentation: Nonexperimental Designs

Alternatives to Experimentation: Surveys and Interviews

Alternatives to Experimentation: Correlational and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Formulating the Hypothesis

The Basics of Experimentation

Solving Problems: Controlling Extraneous Variables

Basic Between-Subjects Designs

Between-Subjects Factorial Designs

Within-Subjects Designs

Within-Subjects Designs: Small N

Analyzing Results

Drawing Conclusions: the Search for the Elusive Bottom Line

Writing the Research Report

Filters

Exam 13: Why We Need Statistics

Weighing the Evidence Statistical tests allow us to

Weighing the Evidence As the variability in a dependent variable ____, it becomes ____ to reject the null hypothesis.

Applying Statistical Inference: An Example All of these illustrate a directional hypothesis except:

Weighing the Evidence The Ms.Adams detective story makes the point that statistical tests allow us to

Applying Statistical Inference: An Example Statisticians use ____ to represent the power of an inferential test.

Weighing the Evidence We never directly test ____ when we evaluate the results of an experiment.

Organizing and Summarizing Data If the standard deviation of a distribution of test scores is 3 points, this means that

Applying Statistical Inference: An Example We commit a Type 2 error when we

Weighing the Evidence ____ makes statements about a population and all its samples based on sample data.

Applying Statistical Inference: An Example When we change the level of significance from .05 to .01, the probability of a Type 1 error ____ and the probability of a Type 2 error

Applying Statistical Inference: An Example We can increase the power of a statistical test by

Weighing the Evidence Researchers directly test the ____ hypothesis.

Weighing the Evidence When a researcher rejects the null hypothesis, this means that the experimental results

Weighing the Evidence An experimenter has the greatest confidence when using a ____ to represent the larger population.

Going Beyond Testing the Null Hypothesis Cohen persuasively argued that we should supplement probability values for rejecting the null hypothesis with

The Odds of Finding Significance For a two-tailed test of a hypothesis, each of the critical regions would be bounded by ___ if you chose

Organizing and Summarizing Data The ____ divides a distribution of scores in half.

Going Beyond Testing the Null Hypothesis Psychological Science has replaced p values with

Experimental Psychology and the Scientific Method

Research Ethics

Alternatives to Experimentation: Nonexperimental Designs

Alternatives to Experimentation: Surveys and Interviews

Alternatives to Experimentation: Correlational and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Formulating the Hypothesis

The Basics of Experimentation

Solving Problems: Controlling Extraneous Variables

Basic Between-Subjects Designs

Between-Subjects Factorial Designs

Within-Subjects Designs

Within-Subjects Designs: Small N

Analyzing Results

Drawing Conclusions: the Search for the Elusive Bottom Line

Writing the Research Report

Filters

Weighing the Evidence As the variability in a dependent variable , it becomes to reject the null hypothesis.