Question 1

More Than One Independent Variable All of these could occur in a two-factor experiment except

Accepted Answer

A) a higher-order interaction. 
B) an interaction. 
C) an interaction and one main effect. 
D) an interaction and two main effects. 
A) a higher-order interaction. 
B) an interaction. 
C) an interaction and one main effect. 
D) an interaction and two main effects. A

Question 2

Laying Out a Factorial Design If Wyatt found that college students are only more likely to help someone in an emergency situation when they are the only person present and the victim is female, this would demonstrate a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) interaction between the number of bystanders and victim sex. 
B) main effect for the number of bystanders. 
C) main effect for victim sex. 
D) main effect for the number of bystanders and victim sex. 
A) interaction between the number of bystanders and victim sex. 
B) main effect for the number of bystanders. 
C) main effect for victim sex. 
D) main effect for the number of bystanders and victim sex. A

Question 3

More Than One Independent Variable Ashton studied the effect of backpack design and load on shoulder muscle contraction.If one design produced greater muscle contraction at a heavier load than a lighter one, this illustrates a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) higher-order interaction. 
B) interaction. 
C) main effect. 
D) two main effects. 
A) higher-order interaction. 
B) interaction. 
C) main effect. 
D) two main effects. B

Question 4

More Than One Independent Variable We have a higher-order interaction in an experiment whenever

Accepted Answer

A) an extraneous variable systematically changes with two or more dependent variables. 
B) an extraneous variable systematically changes across levels of two or more independent variables. 
C) the effect of one independent variable changes across levels of two or more other independent variables. 
D) there are more than two independent variables in the same experiment. 
A) an extraneous variable systematically changes with two or more dependent variables. 
B) an extraneous variable systematically changes across levels of two or more independent variables. 
C) the effect of one independent variable changes across levels of two or more other independent variables. 
D) there are more than two independent variables in the same experiment.

Question 5

More Than One Independent Variable Which of these describes an interaction?

Accepted Answer

A) Men consume more crackers than women. 
B) Men consume the most crackers in the presence of women. 
C) Subjects consume more crackers in the presence of a member of the other gender. 
D) Subject gender affects the number of crackers consumed. 
A) Men consume more crackers than women. 
B) Men consume the most crackers in the presence of women. 
C) Subjects consume more crackers in the presence of a member of the other gender. 
D) Subject gender affects the number of crackers consumed.

Question 6

More Than One Independent Variable A factorial design can have as many main effects as

Accepted Answer

A) factors. 
B) higher-order interactions. 
C) interactions. 
D) levels. 
A) factors. 
B) higher-order interactions. 
C) interactions. 
D) levels.

Question 7

In a study of interpersonal closeness (Holland, Roeder, van Baaren, Brandt, & Hannover, 2004; experiment 2), researchers primed with either independence or interdependence by asking male and female subjects to think about the differences (independence) or similarities (interdependence) between themselves and their family and close friends.Then, they were asked to take a seat in a waiting area full of chairs where a jacket indicated the presence of another person.The dependent variable was the number of chairs between the subject's chair and the chair with the jacket.As predicted, subjects in the independent condition seated themselves farther away from the chair that appeared occupied than subjects in the interdependent condition did.In addition, men tended to sit further away from the jacket than women did.
a.What is the design of this experiment? Describe it using shorthand notation.
Diagram it.
b.How many main effects were reported?
c.Using a simple graph, illustrate the pattern of the overall results of this experiment.

Accepted Answer

a) This was a 2 X 2 factorial

Question 8

More Than One Independent Variable Barbara studied the effects of viewing angle and computer monitor displays on eye blink rate.This study was a

Accepted Answer

A) factorial design. 
B) multiple levels design. 
C) two factor experiment. 
D) factorial design and two factor experiment. 
A) factorial design. 
B) multiple levels design. 
C) two factor experiment. 
D) factorial design and two factor experiment.

Question 9

Laying Out a Factorial Design Wyatt found that college students are more likely to help someone in an emergency situation if they are the only person present than when at least one other bystander is also available.This phenomenon does not depend on the victim's sex.This experiment demonstrated a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) interaction between the number of bystanders and victim sex. 
B) main effect for the number of bystanders. 
C) main effect for victim sex. 
D) main effect for the number of bystanders and victim sex. 
A) interaction between the number of bystanders and victim sex. 
B) main effect for the number of bystanders. 
C) main effect for victim sex. 
D) main effect for the number of bystanders and victim sex.

Question 10

A Research Example All of these are reasons for keeping factorial designs simple except

Accepted Answer

A) complex designs must be analyzed using more sophisticated statistics. 
B) higher-order interactions are very difficult to explain. 
C) more factors mean more time is needed to run an experiment. 
D) researchers must control more extraneous variables as designs become more complex. 
A) complex designs must be analyzed using more sophisticated statistics. 
B) higher-order interactions are very difficult to explain. 
C) more factors mean more time is needed to run an experiment. 
D) researchers must control more extraneous variables as designs become more complex.

Question 11

More Than One Independent Variable Wally investigated the effects of workspace (cubicle or open office), lighting (low, moderate, or high intensity), and noise (low or moderate) on productivity.How many main effects were possible in this study?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 6 
D) 9 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 6 
D) 9

Question 12

A Research Example When graphing a 2 X 2 factorial experiment, an interaction would be indicated by all of these except

Accepted Answer

A) lines that converge. 
B) lines that cross. 
C) lines that diverge. 
D) parallel lines. 
A) lines that converge. 
B) lines that cross. 
C) lines that diverge. 
D) parallel lines.

Question 13

A Research Example A 2 X 2 factorial experiment with an interaction and one main effect is
Represented by

Accepted Answer

A) two lines that are parallel and decrease from left to right. 
B) two lines that are parallel and vertically separated. 
C) two lines that increase from left to right and the upper line has a steeper slope than the lower line. 
D) two parallel lines. 
A) two lines that are parallel and decrease from left to right. 
B) two lines that are parallel and vertically separated. 
C) two lines that increase from left to right and the upper line has a steeper slope than the lower line. 
D) two parallel lines.

Question 14

More Than One Independent Variable Which of the following could occur in a three-factor experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) a higher-order interaction 
B) an interaction 
C) three main effects 
D) all of these 
A) a higher-order interaction 
B) an interaction 
C) three main effects 
D) all of these

Question 15

Laying Out a Factorial Design All of the following factorial designs have 16 treatment groups except

Accepted Answer

A) 2 X 3 X 3 
B) 2 X 4 X 2 
C) 2 X 8 
D) 4 X 4 
A) 2 X 3 X 3 
B) 2 X 4 X 2 
C) 2 X 8 
D) 4 X 4

Question 16

More Than One Independent Variable Higher-order interactions are only possible when an experiment contains

Accepted Answer

A) at least two main effects. 
B) more than two independent variables. 
C) more than two levels of an independent variable. 
D) two independent variables, each with at least three levels. 
A) at least two main effects. 
B) more than two independent variables. 
C) more than two levels of an independent variable. 
D) two independent variables, each with at least three levels.

Question 17

More Than One Independent Variable The advantage of using more than one independent variable in the same experiment is that

Accepted Answer

A) there are fewer confounding variables. 
B) there is no need for matching. 
C) we can study the interaction between the variables. 
D) we need fewer subjects. 
A) there are fewer confounding variables. 
B) there is no need for matching. 
C) we can study the interaction between the variables. 
D) we need fewer subjects.

Question 18

A Research Example Which of these illustrates a 2 X 2 factorial experiment with no interaction and two main effects?

Accepted Answer

A) lines that cross like an X 
B) lines of the same height 
C) lines that are parallel, vertically separated, and increase from left to right 
D) parallel lines 
A) lines that cross like an X 
B) lines of the same height 
C) lines that are parallel, vertically separated, and increase from left to right 
D) parallel lines

Question 19

Laying Out a Factorial Design Which illustrates the factor-labeling method?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 X 2 (Type of Name X Length of Name) between-subjects factorial design 
B) 2 (Type of Name) X 2 (Length of Name) between-subjects factorial design 
C) 2 X 2 (Type of Name: given, nickname X Length of Name: short, long) between-subjects factorial design 
D) both 2 X 2 (Type of Name X Length of Name) between-subjects factorial design and 2 (Type of Name) X 2 (Length of Name) between-subjects
Factorial design 
A) 2 X 2 (Type of Name X Length of Name) between-subjects factorial design 
B) 2 (Type of Name) X 2 (Length of Name) between-subjects factorial design 
C) 2 X 2 (Type of Name: given, nickname X Length of Name: short, long) between-subjects factorial design 
D) both 2 X 2 (Type of Name X Length of Name) between-subjects factorial design and 2 (Type of Name) X 2 (Length of Name) between-subjects
Factorial design

Question 20

A Research Example A three-factor experiment can have ___ significant effects/interactions.

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 7 
A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 7

More Than One Independent Variable All of these could occur in a two-factor experiment except

Laying Out a Factorial Design If Wyatt found that college students are only more likely to help someone in an emergency situation when they are the only person present and the victim is female, this would demonstrate a(n)

More Than One Independent Variable Ashton studied the effect of backpack design and load on shoulder muscle contraction.If one design produced greater muscle contraction at a heavier load than a lighter one, this illustrates a(n)

More Than One Independent Variable We have a higher-order interaction in an experiment whenever

More Than One Independent Variable Which of these describes an interaction?

More Than One Independent Variable A factorial design can have as many main effects as

More Than One Independent Variable Barbara studied the effects of viewing angle and computer monitor displays on eye blink rate.This study was a

Laying Out a Factorial Design Wyatt found that college students are more likely to help someone in an emergency situation if they are the only person present than when at least one other bystander is also available.This phenomenon does not depend on the victim's sex.This experiment demonstrated a(n)

A Research Example All of these are reasons for keeping factorial designs simple except

More Than One Independent Variable Wally investigated the effects of workspace (cubicle or open office), lighting (low, moderate, or high intensity), and noise (low or moderate) on productivity.How many main effects were possible in this study?

A Research Example When graphing a 2 X 2 factorial experiment, an interaction would be indicated by all of these except

A Research Example A 2 X 2 factorial experiment with an interaction and one main effect is Represented by

More Than One Independent Variable Which of the following could occur in a three-factor experiment?

Laying Out a Factorial Design All of the following factorial designs have 16 treatment groups except

More Than One Independent Variable Higher-order interactions are only possible when an experiment contains

More Than One Independent Variable The advantage of using more than one independent variable in the same experiment is that

A Research Example Which of these illustrates a 2 X 2 factorial experiment with no interaction and two main effects?

Laying Out a Factorial Design Which illustrates the factor-labeling method?

A Research Example A three-factor experiment can have ___ significant effects/interactions.

Experimental Psychology and the Scientific Method

Research Ethics

Alternatives to Experimentation: Nonexperimental Designs

Alternatives to Experimentation: Surveys and Interviews

Alternatives to Experimentation: Correlational and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Formulating the Hypothesis

The Basics of Experimentation

Solving Problems: Controlling Extraneous Variables

Basic Between-Subjects Designs

Within-Subjects Designs

Within-Subjects Designs: Small N

Why We Need Statistics

Analyzing Results

Drawing Conclusions: the Search for the Elusive Bottom Line

Writing the Research Report

Filters

Exam 10: Between-Subjects Factorial Designs

More Than One Independent Variable All of these could occur in a two-factor experiment except

Laying Out a Factorial Design If Wyatt found that college students are only more likely to help someone in an emergency situation when they are the only person present and the victim is female, this would demonstrate a(n)

More Than One Independent Variable Ashton studied the effect of backpack design and load on shoulder muscle contraction.If one design produced greater muscle contraction at a heavier load than a lighter one, this illustrates a(n)

More Than One Independent Variable We have a higher-order interaction in an experiment whenever

More Than One Independent Variable Which of these describes an interaction?

More Than One Independent Variable A factorial design can have as many main effects as

More Than One Independent Variable Barbara studied the effects of viewing angle and computer monitor displays on eye blink rate.This study was a

A Research Example All of these are reasons for keeping factorial designs simple except

More Than One Independent Variable Wally investigated the effects of workspace (cubicle or open office), lighting (low, moderate, or high intensity), and noise (low or moderate) on productivity.How many main effects were possible in this study?

A Research Example When graphing a 2 X 2 factorial experiment, an interaction would be indicated by all of these except

A Research Example A 2 X 2 factorial experiment with an interaction and one main effect is Represented by

More Than One Independent Variable Which of the following could occur in a three-factor experiment?

Laying Out a Factorial Design All of the following factorial designs have 16 treatment groups except

More Than One Independent Variable Higher-order interactions are only possible when an experiment contains

More Than One Independent Variable The advantage of using more than one independent variable in the same experiment is that

A Research Example Which of these illustrates a 2 X 2 factorial experiment with no interaction and two main effects?

Laying Out a Factorial Design Which illustrates the factor-labeling method?

A Research Example A three-factor experiment can have ___ significant effects/interactions.

Experimental Psychology and the Scientific Method

Research Ethics

Alternatives to Experimentation: Nonexperimental Designs

Alternatives to Experimentation: Surveys and Interviews

Alternatives to Experimentation: Correlational and Quasi-Experimental Designs

Formulating the Hypothesis

The Basics of Experimentation

Solving Problems: Controlling Extraneous Variables

Basic Between-Subjects Designs

Within-Subjects Designs

Within-Subjects Designs: Small N

Why We Need Statistics

Analyzing Results

Drawing Conclusions: the Search for the Elusive Bottom Line

Writing the Research Report

Filters