Exam 15: Drawing Conclusions: the Search for the Elusive Bottom Line

Taking a Broader Perspective: The Problem of External Validity External validity means the extent to which experimental findings can be extended to different

Taking a Broader Perspective: The Problem of External Validity Researchers use aggregation over ____ to compensate for errors that may result from using an inadequate assessment instrument.

Evaluating the Experiment from the Inside: Internal Validity Which variable confounded the Ritchey (1982) study of the effects of age (third-grade, sixth-grade, and adult) and stimulus (words, outline drawings, and detailed drawings) on recall?

Taking a Broader Perspective: The Problem of External Validity We can increase the external validity of our data and broaden the scope of experimental findings by grouping together and averaging data.Epstein (1980) called this process

Taking a Broader Perspective: The Problem of External Validity Jon measured beach litter at the end of the day after visitors departed.Which approach did he use?

Taking a Broader Perspective: The Problem of External Validity The advantage of unobtrusively observing eating behavior in a restaurant (Marston, London, Cooper, & Cohen, 1977) instead of a laboratory is that the unobtrusive approach seems to have

Evaluating the Experiment from the Inside: Internal Validity An experiment 's validity is threatened by ____ when subjects do not reveal all they know about the purpose of an experiment and researchers accept subject reports at face value.

Evaluating the Experiment from the Inside: Internal Validity If your experimental results were barely significant even though you tested 400 subjects, you should be concerned about

Taking a Broader Perspective: The Problem of External Validity A researcher studying public displays of affection by dating couples observes this behavior in shopping malls, airports, and supermarkets.This illustrates the technique of

Taking a Broader Perspective: The Problem of External Validity Which technique manipulates antecedent conditions and observes outcomes in a natural setting?

Taking a Broader Perspective: The Problem of External Validity Which of these procedures is not multivariate?

Taking a Broader Perspective: The Problem of External Validity Moira studies helpfulness during holidays and other times of the year to control the effects of seasonal factors.This procedure represents

Evaluating the Experiment from the Inside: Internal Validity Many researchers attempt to discover whether subjects understood and followed experimental instructions by

Evaluating the Experiment from the Inside: Internal Validity Andrew designed an experiment that controlled extraneous variables so that the effects on the dependent variable could only be attributed to the independent variable.Based on this description, his experiment achieved satisfactory

Taking a Broader Perspective: The Problem of External Validity When researchers replicate statistically significant research findings, this increases our confidence that these findings were not produced by

Taking a Broader Perspective: The Problem of External Validity Karen performed a large N experiment and based her conclusions on group averages.Which aggregation technique did she use?

Taking a Broader Perspective: The Problem of External Validity Which is a major limitation of field experiments compared with studies conducted in the laboratory?

Taking a Broader Perspective: The Problem of External Validity A multivariate analysis of variance is used to evaluate experiments with

Handling a Nonsignificant Outcome If you have designed a sound procedure for studying a hypothesis, have carefully executed the experiment, and still obtain statistically nonsignificant results, you should

Taking a Broader Perspective: The Problem of External Validity Researchers pool data and base their conclusions on group averages in