Question 1

Which part of the electron transport chain does cyanide inhibit?

Accepted Answer

A)  all of it 
B)  Complex I 
C)  Complex I and III 
D)  Complex II 
E)  the reduction of oxygen 
A)  all of it 
B)  Complex I 
C)  Complex I and III 
D)  Complex II 
E)  the reduction of oxygen

Question 2

By which of the following chemical reactions does the electron-transport chain occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  protonation-deprotonation 
B)  hydration-dehydration 
C)  oxidation-reduction 
D)  isomerization 
E)  phosphorylation-dephosphorylation 
A)  protonation-deprotonation 
B)  hydration-dehydration 
C)  oxidation-reduction 
D)  isomerization 
E)  phosphorylation-dephosphorylation

Question 3

Cyanide alters the normal relative concentration of protons in the intermembrane space and the matrix of the mitochondria. What is the effect of this change in concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  The electron-transport chain will run out of control. 
B)  NADH cannot be oxidized. 
C)  FADH2 cannot be oxidized. 
D)  ATP cannot be synthesized. 
E)  All of the above are true. 
A)  The electron-transport chain will run out of control. 
B)  NADH cannot be oxidized. 
C)  FADH2 cannot be oxidized. 
D)  ATP cannot be synthesized. 
E)  All of the above are true.

Question 4

Where does ATP synthase get the energy required to drive phosphorylation of ADP?

Accepted Answer

A)  from the flow of protons from the intermembrane space to the matrix through the inner membrane 
B)  from the flow of protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space through the inner membrane 
C)  from the flow of protons from the intermembrane space to the matrix through the enzyme 
D)  from the flow of protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space through the enzyme 
E)  from ATP 
A)  from the flow of protons from the intermembrane space to the matrix through the inner membrane 
B)  from the flow of protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space through the inner membrane 
C)  from the flow of protons from the intermembrane space to the matrix through the enzyme 
D)  from the flow of protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space through the enzyme 
E)  from ATP

Question 5

A difference in proton concentration between adjacent regions is known as a

Accepted Answer

A)  pH difference. 
B)  proton concentration difference. 
C)  proton gradient. 
D)  PCAR. 
E)  mitochondrion. 
A)  pH difference. 
B)  proton concentration difference. 
C)  proton gradient. 
D)  PCAR. 
E)  mitochondrion.

Question 6

Protein, fat, and carbohydrate catabolism all share some key steps. Which of the following statements describes a part of catabolism that these biomolecules have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  These biomolecules undergo hydrolysis. 
B)  These biomolecules are broken down and then react to become acetyl CoA. 
C)  Acetyl CoA from these biomolecules enters the citric acid cycle. 
D)  The carbons in these biomolecules are eventually converted into CO2 and coenzyme A. 
E)  Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates share all of these catabolic steps. 
A)  These biomolecules undergo hydrolysis. 
B)  These biomolecules are broken down and then react to become acetyl CoA. 
C)  Acetyl CoA from these biomolecules enters the citric acid cycle. 
D)  The carbons in these biomolecules are eventually converted into CO2 and coenzyme A. 
E)  Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates share all of these catabolic steps.

Question 7

Which of the following terms describes the role of ATP in this reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  The hydrolysis of ATP is inhibiting this reaction. 
B)  The hydrolysis of ATP is a catalyst for this reaction. 
C)  The hydrolysis of ATP is regulating this reaction. 
D)  The hydrolysis of ATP is coupled to this reaction. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  The hydrolysis of ATP is inhibiting this reaction. 
B)  The hydrolysis of ATP is a catalyst for this reaction. 
C)  The hydrolysis of ATP is regulating this reaction. 
D)  The hydrolysis of ATP is coupled to this reaction. 
E)  All of the above

Question 8

Whether a sugar starts out as a fructose, galactose, or glucose, it must undergo enzyme-catalyzed reactions in order to become a single type of monosaccharide so that it can go through the second stage of catabolism, glycolysis. Which monosaccharide must all of these sugars become?

Accepted Answer

A)  fructose 
B)  galactose 
C)  mannose 
D)  talose 
E)  glucose 
A)  fructose 
B)  galactose 
C)  mannose 
D)  talose 
E)  glucose

Question 9

What is the name of the force that drives the phosphorylation of ADP?

Accepted Answer

A)  gravity 
B)  osmotic pressure 
C)  weak 
D)  electric 
E)  proton-motive 
A)  gravity 
B)  osmotic pressure 
C)  weak 
D)  electric 
E)  proton-motive

Question 10

Which of the following statements best describes the electron-transport chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a series of protein complexes that transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen. 
B)  It is another name for the citric acid cycle. 
C)  It is the same thing as catabolism. 
D)  It is cyclic, where the same oxygens are used over and over to transport electrons. 
E)  All of the above are true. 
A)  It is a series of protein complexes that transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen. 
B)  It is another name for the citric acid cycle. 
C)  It is the same thing as catabolism. 
D)  It is cyclic, where the same oxygens are used over and over to transport electrons. 
E)  All of the above are true.

Question 11

A "high-energy bond" is a bond that

Accepted Answer

A)  releases energy when it is broken. 
B)  is very strong. 
C)  is very stable. 
D)  is weak. 
E)  requires energy to form. 
A)  releases energy when it is broken. 
B)  is very strong. 
C)  is very stable. 
D)  is weak. 
E)  requires energy to form.

Question 12

What is the general order in which electrons pass through the electron-transport chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  from lowest electron affinity to highest electron affinity 
B)  from highest electron affinity to lowest electron affinity 
C)  from most reactive to least reactive 
D)  form strongest acid to weakest acid 
E)  from most mobile to least mobile 
A)  from lowest electron affinity to highest electron affinity 
B)  from highest electron affinity to lowest electron affinity 
C)  from most reactive to least reactive 
D)  form strongest acid to weakest acid 
E)  from most mobile to least mobile

Question 13

Overall, how much ATP is produced when one molecule of glucose is oxidized to 6 molecules of carbon dioxide through glycolysis, aerobic oxidation of pyruvate, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

A)  none 
B)  10 ATP 
C)  32 ATP 
D)  99 ATP 
E)  The number of ATP is highly variable. 
A)  none 
B)  10 ATP 
C)  32 ATP 
D)  99 ATP 
E)  The number of ATP is highly variable.

Question 14

The following is step 8 of the citric acid cycle. During this step, NAD+ is ________ while L-malate is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorylated; isomerized 
B)  isomerized; dehydrated 
C)  oxidized; reduced 
D)  reduced; oxidized 
E)  hydrated; dehydrated 
A)  phosphorylated; isomerized 
B)  isomerized; dehydrated 
C)  oxidized; reduced 
D)  reduced; oxidized 
E)  hydrated; dehydrated

Question 15

Which parts of the mitochondria are lipids?

Accepted Answer

A)  inner membrane 
B)  outer membrane 
C)  intermembrane space 
D)  matrix 
E)  Both membranes are lipids. 
A)  inner membrane 
B)  outer membrane 
C)  intermembrane space 
D)  matrix 
E)  Both membranes are lipids.

Question 16

The partial structures of the coenzymes NADH and NAD+ are shown below. What type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidation 
B)  reduction 
C)  acid-base 
D)  hydrolysis 
E)  condensation 
A)  oxidation 
B)  reduction 
C)  acid-base 
D)  hydrolysis 
E)  condensation

Question 17

Which of the choices below best describes the purpose of the following step of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  In this step, the molecule is phosphorylated to keep it in the cell. 
B)  In this step, the molecule is split into two, both of which will become pyruvate. 
C)  In this step, energy is stored as ATP. 
D)  In this step, pyruvate is made. 
E)  In this step, both pyruvate and ATP are made. 
A)  In this step, the molecule is phosphorylated to keep it in the cell. 
B)  In this step, the molecule is split into two, both of which will become pyruvate. 
C)  In this step, energy is stored as ATP. 
D)  In this step, pyruvate is made. 
E)  In this step, both pyruvate and ATP are made.

Question 18

What is the first step of the metabolism of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the mouth, amylase hydrolyses starch into glucose, maltose, and dextrins. 
B)  In the stomach, amylase hydrolyses starch into glucose, maltose, and dextrins. 
C)  Glucose enters cells. 
D)  A phosphoryl group is transferred. 
E)  A glucose molecule is split into two pyruvates. 
A)  In the mouth, amylase hydrolyses starch into glucose, maltose, and dextrins. 
B)  In the stomach, amylase hydrolyses starch into glucose, maltose, and dextrins. 
C)  Glucose enters cells. 
D)  A phosphoryl group is transferred. 
E)  A glucose molecule is split into two pyruvates.

Question 19

What is the role of coenzyme Q and cytochrome C in the electron-transport chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  They pump protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space. 
B)  They pump protons from the intermembrane space to the matrix. 
C)  The carry coenzymes from one protein complex to the next protein complex. 
D)  They carry electrons from one protein complex to the next protein complex. 
E)  They carry small ions from one protein complex to the next protein complex. 
A)  They pump protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space. 
B)  They pump protons from the intermembrane space to the matrix. 
C)  The carry coenzymes from one protein complex to the next protein complex. 
D)  They carry electrons from one protein complex to the next protein complex. 
E)  They carry small ions from one protein complex to the next protein complex.

Question 20

Even though there are more protons in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria, protons do not diffuse from there into the matrix. Why not?

Accepted Answer

A)  They do not diffuse because the inner mitochondrial membrane is not permeable to them. 
B)  They do not diffuse because that would require energy. 
C)  They do not diffuse because only water diffuses, not protons. 
D)  They do not diffuse because they are not charged. 
E)  Actually, they do diffuse. 
A)  They do not diffuse because the inner mitochondrial membrane is not permeable to them. 
B)  They do not diffuse because that would require energy. 
C)  They do not diffuse because only water diffuses, not protons. 
D)  They do not diffuse because they are not charged. 
E)  Actually, they do diffuse.

Which part of the electron transport chain does cyanide inhibit?

By which of the following chemical reactions does the electron-transport chain occur?

Cyanide alters the normal relative concentration of protons in the intermembrane space and the matrix of the mitochondria. What is the effect of this change in concentration?

Where does ATP synthase get the energy required to drive phosphorylation of ADP?

A difference in proton concentration between adjacent regions is known as a

Protein, fat, and carbohydrate catabolism all share some key steps. Which of the following statements describes a part of catabolism that these biomolecules have in common?

Which of the following terms describes the role of ATP in this reaction?

Whether a sugar starts out as a fructose, galactose, or glucose, it must undergo enzyme-catalyzed reactions in order to become a single type of monosaccharide so that it can go through the second stage of catabolism, glycolysis. Which monosaccharide must all of these sugars become?

What is the name of the force that drives the phosphorylation of ADP?

Which of the following statements best describes the electron-transport chain?

A "high-energy bond" is a bond that

What is the general order in which electrons pass through the electron-transport chain?

Overall, how much ATP is produced when one molecule of glucose is oxidized to 6 molecules of carbon dioxide through glycolysis, aerobic oxidation of pyruvate, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation?

The following is step 8 of the citric acid cycle. During this step, NAD⁺ is while L-malate is .

Which parts of the mitochondria are lipids?

The partial structures of the coenzymes NADH and NAD⁺ are shown below. What type of reaction is this?

Which of the choices below best describes the purpose of the following step of glycolysis?

What is the first step of the metabolism of carbohydrates?

What is the role of coenzyme Q and cytochrome C in the electron-transport chain?

Even though there are more protons in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria, protons do not diffuse from there into the matrix. Why not?

Measuring Matter and Energy

Atomic Structure and Nuclear Radiation

Compounds and Molecules

Chemical Quantities and Chemical Reactions

Changes of State and the Gas Laws

Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons

Organic Chemistry and Biomolecules

Solutions, Colloids and Membranes

Acids and Bases

The Reactions of Organic Functional Groups in Biochemistry

Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

Lipids: Structure and Function

Proteins: Structure and Function

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

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Exam 15: Energy and Metabolism

Which part of the electron transport chain does cyanide inhibit?

By which of the following chemical reactions does the electron-transport chain occur?

Cyanide alters the normal relative concentration of protons in the intermembrane space and the matrix of the mitochondria. What is the effect of this change in concentration?

Where does ATP synthase get the energy required to drive phosphorylation of ADP?

A difference in proton concentration between adjacent regions is known as a

Protein, fat, and carbohydrate catabolism all share some key steps. Which of the following statements describes a part of catabolism that these biomolecules have in common?

Which of the following terms describes the role of ATP in this reaction?

Whether a sugar starts out as a fructose, galactose, or glucose, it must undergo enzyme-catalyzed reactions in order to become a single type of monosaccharide so that it can go through the second stage of catabolism, glycolysis. Which monosaccharide must all of these sugars become?

What is the name of the force that drives the phosphorylation of ADP?

Which of the following statements best describes the electron-transport chain?

A "high-energy bond" is a bond that

What is the general order in which electrons pass through the electron-transport chain?

Overall, how much ATP is produced when one molecule of glucose is oxidized to 6 molecules of carbon dioxide through glycolysis, aerobic oxidation of pyruvate, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation?

The following is step 8 of the citric acid cycle. During this step, NAD+ is ________ while L-malate is ________.

Which parts of the mitochondria are lipids?

The partial structures of the coenzymes NADH and NAD+ are shown below. What type of reaction is this?

Which of the choices below best describes the purpose of the following step of glycolysis?

What is the first step of the metabolism of carbohydrates?

What is the role of coenzyme Q and cytochrome C in the electron-transport chain?

Even though there are more protons in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria, protons do not diffuse from there into the matrix. Why not?

Measuring Matter and Energy

Atomic Structure and Nuclear Radiation

Compounds and Molecules

Chemical Quantities and Chemical Reactions

Changes of State and the Gas Laws

Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons

Organic Chemistry and Biomolecules

Solutions, Colloids and Membranes

Acids and Bases

The Reactions of Organic Functional Groups in Biochemistry

Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

Lipids: Structure and Function

Proteins: Structure and Function

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Filters

The following is step 8 of the citric acid cycle. During this step, NAD⁺ is while L-malate is .

The partial structures of the coenzymes NADH and NAD⁺ are shown below. What type of reaction is this?