Question 1

Which of the following pathways directly produces acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolysis of proteins 
B)  hydrolysis of a polysaccharide 
C)  glycolysis 
D)  β-oxidation 
E)  All of the above directly produce acetyl CoA. 
A)  hydrolysis of proteins 
B)  hydrolysis of a polysaccharide 
C)  glycolysis 
D)  β-oxidation 
E)  All of the above directly produce acetyl CoA.

Question 2

Which of the following statements bests describes how nonspontaneous reactions occur in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reactions that are not spontaneous do not occur in the body. 
B)  Enzymes make these reactions occur at a reasonable rate. 
C)  The heat of the body drives these reactions. 
D)  They are coupled to spontaneous reactions. 
E)  Nonspontaneous reactions occur just like spontaneous ones do, without any input of energy. 
A)  Reactions that are not spontaneous do not occur in the body. 
B)  Enzymes make these reactions occur at a reasonable rate. 
C)  The heat of the body drives these reactions. 
D)  They are coupled to spontaneous reactions. 
E)  Nonspontaneous reactions occur just like spontaneous ones do, without any input of energy.

Question 3

Which of the following molecules is an acetyl group?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e

Question 4

The figure below illustrates protons (the circles) separated by a membrane permeable to the protons and water. What will happen to the protons as time passes and the system equilibrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  The protons will neutralize. 
B)  All of the protons will move from compartment I to compartment II. 
C)  All of the protons will move from compartment II to compartment I. 
D)  The concentration of the protons in compartments I and II will become equal. 
E)  Nothing will happen. 
A)  The protons will neutralize. 
B)  All of the protons will move from compartment I to compartment II. 
C)  All of the protons will move from compartment II to compartment I. 
D)  The concentration of the protons in compartments I and II will become equal. 
E)  Nothing will happen.

Question 5

Fats, proteins and carbohydrates are all broken down into __________, the central molecule of metabolism.

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  acetyl coenzyme A 
D)  ATP 
E)  pyruvate 
A)  glucose 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  acetyl coenzyme A 
D)  ATP 
E)  pyruvate

Question 6

When acetyl coenzyme A is hydrolyzed during the citric acid cycle, which bond in the molecule is broken?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e

Question 7

Which of the following proteins is mobile?

Accepted Answer

A)  Complex I 
B)  Complex II 
C)  Complex III 
D)  Complex IV 
E)  cytochrome C 
A)  Complex I 
B)  Complex II 
C)  Complex III 
D)  Complex IV 
E)  cytochrome C

Question 8

Which of the following changes is NOT spontaneous?

Accepted Answer

A)  water flowing downhill 
B)  two like charges attracting each other 
C)  a skydiver falling toward the earth 
D)  salt dissolving in water 
E)  the hydrolysis of ATP 
A)  water flowing downhill 
B)  two like charges attracting each other 
C)  a skydiver falling toward the earth 
D)  salt dissolving in water 
E)  the hydrolysis of ATP

Question 9

The potential energy stored in the unequal distribution of protons is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the proton pump. 
B)  oxidation-reduction. 
C)  pH. 
D)  the electron-transport chain. 
E)  the proton-motive force. 
A)  the proton pump. 
B)  oxidation-reduction. 
C)  pH. 
D)  the electron-transport chain. 
E)  the proton-motive force.

Question 10

Two molecules of carbon dioxide are released for every turn of the citric acid cycle. What happens to those molecules of carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are used in anabolic processes. 
B)  They stay within the citric acid cycle, contributing to the cyclic nature of the pathway. 
C)  They are exhaled. 
D)  They are excreted in urine. 
E)  They undergo oxidative phosphorylation. 
A)  They are used in anabolic processes. 
B)  They stay within the citric acid cycle, contributing to the cyclic nature of the pathway. 
C)  They are exhaled. 
D)  They are excreted in urine. 
E)  They undergo oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 11

The following reactions are several steps in the conversion of acetyl coenzyme A to carbon dioxide. Which of the reactions is NOT spontaneous?

Accepted Answer

A)  II only 
B)  IV only 
C)  III only 
D)  III and IV 
E)  I, III, and IV 
A)  II only 
B)  IV only 
C)  III only 
D)  III and IV 
E)  I, III, and IV

Question 12

In which of the following choices is the number of ATPs produced as a result of the catabolism of 1 myristic acid (14 carbons) molecule correctly calculated?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e

Question 13

During fatty acid oxidation, a fatty acid must react with coenzyme A to become a fatty acyl-CoA, as shown below. Fatty acid + CoA → Fatty acyl - CoA ΔG = + 7.0 kcal/mol
In the body, the reaction above is coupled to the hydrolysis of two phosphate groups from ATP as shown below:
ATP → AMP + 2 Pi ΔG = F1F1F1S1F1F1F1015.7 kcal/mol
Which of the following chemical equations correctly shows these two reactions coupled together?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the glycolysis pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a way to extract energy from glucose without the use of oxygen. 
B)  It is a way to extract and store energy as ATP. 
C)  It is a way to form pyruvate. 
D)  It is a way to make NADH. 
E)  It is a way to make FAD+. 
A)  It is a way to extract energy from glucose without the use of oxygen. 
B)  It is a way to extract and store energy as ATP. 
C)  It is a way to form pyruvate. 
D)  It is a way to make NADH. 
E)  It is a way to make FAD+.

Question 15

The citric acid cycle has a unique circular appearance when written due to the regeneration of oxaloacetate. Which of the following molecules is oxaloacetate?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e

Question 16

As a monosaccharide goes through glycolysis, it must stay within the cell. How are the starting monosaccharide and all of the intermediates of glycolysis kept within the cell during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nothing needs to be done to them; the molecules just stay in the cell. 
B)  The hydroxyl groups lose their protons and become negatively charged. 
C)  The molecules are phosphorylated. 
D)  The molecules attach to enzymes in the cytoplasm. 
E)  All of the above can occur. 
A)  Nothing needs to be done to them; the molecules just stay in the cell. 
B)  The hydroxyl groups lose their protons and become negatively charged. 
C)  The molecules are phosphorylated. 
D)  The molecules attach to enzymes in the cytoplasm. 
E)  All of the above can occur.

Question 17

How is a fatty acid activated before it goes through F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-oxidation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It forms a thioester with Coenzyme A. 
B)  It is hydrolyzed. 
C)  It is deprotonated. 
D)  It is reduced. 
E)  Actually, it's not activated. 
A)  It forms a thioester with Coenzyme A. 
B)  It is hydrolyzed. 
C)  It is deprotonated. 
D)  It is reduced. 
E)  Actually, it's not activated.

Question 18

What are the products of ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP and Pi? 
B)  AMP and Pi 
C)  ADP and water 
D)  AMP and water 
E)  ADP, AMP, Pi, and water 
A)  ADP and Pi? 
B)  AMP and Pi 
C)  ADP and water 
D)  AMP and water 
E)  ADP, AMP, Pi, and water

Question 19

The following diagrams illustrate the two aqueous spaces and the inner membrane of the mitochondrial. In which diagram is the relative concentration of protons such that oxidative phosphorylation could occur if ATP synthase were present?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e

Question 20

Which of the following statements best describes why proteins are metabolized when calories are severely reduced?

Accepted Answer

A)  Actually, fats are metabolized during a starvation diet, not proteins. 
B)  Proteins have the highest energy content per gram of any of the biomolecules. 
C)  Proteins contain amino acids, which fuel the brain. 
D)  Glycogen is a type of protein. 
E)  There is a metabolic pathway in which glucose can be made from protein. 
A)  Actually, fats are metabolized during a starvation diet, not proteins. 
B)  Proteins have the highest energy content per gram of any of the biomolecules. 
C)  Proteins contain amino acids, which fuel the brain. 
D)  Glycogen is a type of protein. 
E)  There is a metabolic pathway in which glucose can be made from protein.

Which of the following pathways directly produces acetyl CoA?

Which of the following statements bests describes how nonspontaneous reactions occur in the body?

Which of the following molecules is an acetyl group?

The figure below illustrates protons (the circles) separated by a membrane permeable to the protons and water. What will happen to the protons as time passes and the system equilibrates?

Fats, proteins and carbohydrates are all broken down into __________, the central molecule of metabolism.

When acetyl coenzyme A is hydrolyzed during the citric acid cycle, which bond in the molecule is broken?

Which of the following proteins is mobile?

Which of the following changes is NOT spontaneous?

The potential energy stored in the unequal distribution of protons is called

Two molecules of carbon dioxide are released for every turn of the citric acid cycle. What happens to those molecules of carbon dioxide?

The following reactions are several steps in the conversion of acetyl coenzyme A to carbon dioxide. Which of the reactions is NOT spontaneous?

In which of the following choices is the number of ATPs produced as a result of the catabolism of 1 myristic acid (14 carbons) molecule correctly calculated?

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the glycolysis pathway?

The citric acid cycle has a unique circular appearance when written due to the regeneration of oxaloacetate. Which of the following molecules is oxaloacetate?

As a monosaccharide goes through glycolysis, it must stay within the cell. How are the starting monosaccharide and all of the intermediates of glycolysis kept within the cell during glycolysis?

How is a fatty acid activated before it goes through -oxidation?

What are the products of ATP hydrolysis?

The following diagrams illustrate the two aqueous spaces and the inner membrane of the mitochondrial. In which diagram is the relative concentration of protons such that oxidative phosphorylation could occur if ATP synthase were present?

Which of the following statements best describes why proteins are metabolized when calories are severely reduced?

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Atomic Structure and Nuclear Radiation

Compounds and Molecules

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Changes of State and the Gas Laws

Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons

Organic Chemistry and Biomolecules

Solutions, Colloids and Membranes

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The Reactions of Organic Functional Groups in Biochemistry

Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

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Exam 15: Energy and Metabolism

Which of the following pathways directly produces acetyl CoA?

Which of the following statements bests describes how nonspontaneous reactions occur in the body?

Which of the following molecules is an acetyl group?

The figure below illustrates protons (the circles) separated by a membrane permeable to the protons and water. What will happen to the protons as time passes and the system equilibrates?

Fats, proteins and carbohydrates are all broken down into __________, the central molecule of metabolism.

When acetyl coenzyme A is hydrolyzed during the citric acid cycle, which bond in the molecule is broken?

Which of the following proteins is mobile?

Which of the following changes is NOT spontaneous?

The potential energy stored in the unequal distribution of protons is called

Two molecules of carbon dioxide are released for every turn of the citric acid cycle. What happens to those molecules of carbon dioxide?

The following reactions are several steps in the conversion of acetyl coenzyme A to carbon dioxide. Which of the reactions is NOT spontaneous?

In which of the following choices is the number of ATPs produced as a result of the catabolism of 1 myristic acid (14 carbons) molecule correctly calculated?

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the glycolysis pathway?

The citric acid cycle has a unique circular appearance when written due to the regeneration of oxaloacetate. Which of the following molecules is oxaloacetate?

As a monosaccharide goes through glycolysis, it must stay within the cell. How are the starting monosaccharide and all of the intermediates of glycolysis kept within the cell during glycolysis?

How is a fatty acid activated before it goes through -oxidation?

What are the products of ATP hydrolysis?

The following diagrams illustrate the two aqueous spaces and the inner membrane of the mitochondrial. In which diagram is the relative concentration of protons such that oxidative phosphorylation could occur if ATP synthase were present?

Which of the following statements best describes why proteins are metabolized when calories are severely reduced?

Measuring Matter and Energy

Atomic Structure and Nuclear Radiation

Compounds and Molecules

Chemical Quantities and Chemical Reactions

Changes of State and the Gas Laws

Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons

Organic Chemistry and Biomolecules

Solutions, Colloids and Membranes

Acids and Bases

The Reactions of Organic Functional Groups in Biochemistry

Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

Lipids: Structure and Function

Proteins: Structure and Function

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

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