Question 1

A disaccharide has an F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(1→4) glycosidic linkage. Which statement about this sugar is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both monosaccharides in the disaccharide are linked at their anomeric carbon. 
B)  Both monosaccharides in the disaccharide are the F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 anomer. 
C)  No part of the disaccharide can undergo mutarotation. 
D)  The closed ring form of the sugar linked at its carbon-4 is in equilibrium with its open-chain form. 
E)  All of these statements are true. 
A)  Both monosaccharides in the disaccharide are linked at their anomeric carbon. 
B)  Both monosaccharides in the disaccharide are the F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 anomer. 
C)  No part of the disaccharide can undergo mutarotation. 
D)  The closed ring form of the sugar linked at its carbon-4 is in equilibrium with its open-chain form. 
E)  All of these statements are true.

Question 2

How can it be determined whether a sugar is α- or β- by looking at the Haworth projection?

Accepted Answer

A)  α-anomer: The -OH on the anomeric carbon is above the ring. β-anomer: The -OH on the anomeric carbon is below the ring. 
B)  α-anomer: The -CH2OH of carbon 6 is above the ring. β-anomer: The -CH2OH of carbon 6 is below the ring. 
C)  α-anomer: The -OH on the anomeric carbon is below the ring. β-anomer: The -OH on the anomeric carbon is above the ring. 
D)  α-anomer: The -CH2OH of carbon 6 is below the ring. β-anomer: The -CH2OH of carbon 6 is above the ring. 
E)  Both b and d are true. 
A)  α-anomer: The -OH on the anomeric carbon is above the ring. β-anomer: The -OH on the anomeric carbon is below the ring. 
B)  α-anomer: The -CH2OH of carbon 6 is above the ring. β-anomer: The -CH2OH of carbon 6 is below the ring. 
C)  α-anomer: The -OH on the anomeric carbon is below the ring. β-anomer: The -OH on the anomeric carbon is above the ring. 
D)  α-anomer: The -CH2OH of carbon 6 is below the ring. β-anomer: The -CH2OH of carbon 6 is above the ring. 
E)  Both b and d are true.

Question 3

Animals cannot digest________, but ruminants such as horses and cows have bacteria in their digestive track that can digest it.

Accepted Answer

A)  amylose 
B)  amylopectin 
C)  glycogen 
D)  cellulose 
E)  amylose and amylopectin 
A)  amylose 
B)  amylopectin 
C)  glycogen 
D)  cellulose 
E)  amylose and amylopectin

Question 4

The circled oxygen in the cyclic structure of glucose corresponds to which boxed oxygen in the linear structure?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e

Question 5

This disaccharide is the common type of sugar that comes from sugar cane or beets.

Accepted Answer

A)  lactose 
B)  sucrose 
C)  cellobiose 
D)  maltose 
E)  both cellobiose and maltose 
A)  lactose 
B)  sucrose 
C)  cellobiose 
D)  maltose 
E)  both cellobiose and maltose

Question 6

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose 
B)  starch 
C)  glucose 
D)  sucrose 
E)  maltose 
A)  cellulose 
B)  starch 
C)  glucose 
D)  sucrose 
E)  maltose

Question 7

Which of the following types of carbohydrates can be hydrolyzed to give smaller molecules? I. monosaccharides
II) disaccharides
III) oligosaccharides
IV) polysaccharides

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II and IV only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and II only 
E)  II, III, and IV 
A)  I only 
B)  II and IV only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and II only 
E)  II, III, and IV

Question 8

Which of the following species does equilibrium favor in solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  II and III 
E)  There are equal concentrations of these three species in solution. 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  II and III 
E)  There are equal concentrations of these three species in solution.

Question 9

How many monosaccharides are produced when the following sugar is hydrolyzed?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  3 
E)  4 
A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  3 
E)  4

Question 10

Which of the following molecules is NOT a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A)  amylose 
B)  amylopectin 
C)  cellulose 
D)  glycogen 
E)  glucose 
A)  amylose 
B)  amylopectin 
C)  cellulose 
D)  glycogen 
E)  glucose

Question 11

Which of the following foods contain carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  pineapple 
B)  tomatoes 
C)  potatoes 
D)  wheat 
E)  All of these foods contain carbohydrates. 
A)  pineapple 
B)  tomatoes 
C)  potatoes 
D)  wheat 
E)  All of these foods contain carbohydrates.

Question 12

Which of the following statements describes the role of insulin in the body? I. Insulin signals to cells to allow glucose to enter.
II) Insulin stimulates the conversion of glucose to glycogen.
III) Insulin stimulates the hydrolysis of glucose from glycogen.

Accepted Answer

A)  All of these describe the role of insulin in the body. 
B)  I only 
C)  II only 
D)  III only 
E)  I and II 
A)  All of these describe the role of insulin in the body. 
B)  I only 
C)  II only 
D)  III only 
E)  I and II

Question 13

A patient undergoing a kidney transplant is given a kidney from a person with type B blood when the patient is, in fact, type O. What effect of this mistake would be most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nothing, blood type does not matter in organ transplants. 
B)  Nothing, Type O is the universal recipient. 
C)  organ failure 
D)  coma 
E)  a mild allergic reaction 
A)  Nothing, blood type does not matter in organ transplants. 
B)  Nothing, Type O is the universal recipient. 
C)  organ failure 
D)  coma 
E)  a mild allergic reaction

Question 14

Do you expect monosaccharides to be soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, because monosaccharides are acidic 
B)  No, because monosaccharides have too many carbons to be soluble 
C)  Yes, because monosaccharides can hydrogen bond with water 
D)  No, because monosaccharides cannot form intermolecular attractive forces with water 
E)  Yes, because monosaccharides are basic 
A)  Yes, because monosaccharides are acidic 
B)  No, because monosaccharides have too many carbons to be soluble 
C)  Yes, because monosaccharides can hydrogen bond with water 
D)  No, because monosaccharides cannot form intermolecular attractive forces with water 
E)  Yes, because monosaccharides are basic

Question 15

Which of the following glycosidic linkages does the sugar shown below contain?

Accepted Answer

A)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(2→4)" 
B)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(1→4)" 
C)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(1→4)" 
D)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(2→4)" 
E)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(2→6)" 
A)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(2→4)" 
B)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(1→4)" 
C)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(1→4)" 
D)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(2→4)" 
E)  "F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(2→6)"

Question 16

What is the relationship between d- and l-glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are identical. 
B)  They are constitutional isomers. 
C)  They are diastereomers. 
D)  They are enantiomers. 
E)  They are conformers. 
A)  They are identical. 
B)  They are constitutional isomers. 
C)  They are diastereomers. 
D)  They are enantiomers. 
E)  They are conformers.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbohydrates are used for long term energy storage. 
B)  Carbohydrates are fuels for cells. 
C)  Carbohydrates are part of DNA and RNA. 
D)  Carbohydrates are used in cellular recognition. 
E)  Carbohydrates make some foods taste sweet. 
A)  Carbohydrates are used for long term energy storage. 
B)  Carbohydrates are fuels for cells. 
C)  Carbohydrates are part of DNA and RNA. 
D)  Carbohydrates are used in cellular recognition. 
E)  Carbohydrates make some foods taste sweet.

Question 18

Cellobiose, shown below, cannot be hydrolyzed into monosaccharides by humans. Which statement best describes why this is the case?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellobiose contains a F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(1→4) glycosidic linkage, which is not a substrate for glycosidases in the human stomach. 
B)  Human enzymes do not accept glucose molecules as substrates. 
C)  Cellobiose is composed of monosaccharides that are not part of the human diet. 
D)  The glycosidic bond in this disaccharide is unusually strong. 
E)  No disaccharide is hydrolyzed by humans. 
A)  Cellobiose contains a F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(1→4) glycosidic linkage, which is not a substrate for glycosidases in the human stomach. 
B)  Human enzymes do not accept glucose molecules as substrates. 
C)  Cellobiose is composed of monosaccharides that are not part of the human diet. 
D)  The glycosidic bond in this disaccharide is unusually strong. 
E)  No disaccharide is hydrolyzed by humans.

Question 19

The Fischer projection for fructose is shown below. Is it a d-sugar or an l-sugar?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a D-sugar because the hydroxyl at carbon A is to the right. 
B)  It is a D-sugar because the carbonyl at carbon B is to the right. 
C)  It is a D-sugar because the hydroxyl at carbon C is to the right 
D)  It is an L-sugar because the carbonyl at carbon B is to the right. 
E)  It is an L-sugar because the hydroxyl at carbon C is to the right. 
A)  It is a D-sugar because the hydroxyl at carbon A is to the right. 
B)  It is a D-sugar because the carbonyl at carbon B is to the right. 
C)  It is a D-sugar because the hydroxyl at carbon C is to the right 
D)  It is an L-sugar because the carbonyl at carbon B is to the right. 
E)  It is an L-sugar because the hydroxyl at carbon C is to the right.

Question 20

What type of saccharide is the following molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  a monosaccharide 
B)  a disaccharide 
C)  an oligosaccharide 
D)  a polysaccharide 
E)  This molecule is not a sugar. 
A)  a monosaccharide 
B)  a disaccharide 
C)  an oligosaccharide 
D)  a polysaccharide 
E)  This molecule is not a sugar.

A disaccharide has an -(1→4) glycosidic linkage. Which statement about this sugar is true?

How can it be determined whether a sugar is α- or β- by looking at the Haworth projection?

Animals cannot digest________, but ruminants such as horses and cows have bacteria in their digestive track that can digest it.

The circled oxygen in the cyclic structure of glucose corresponds to which boxed oxygen in the linear structure?

This disaccharide is the common type of sugar that comes from sugar cane or beets.

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

Which of the following types of carbohydrates can be hydrolyzed to give smaller molecules? I. monosaccharides II) disaccharides III) oligosaccharides IV) polysaccharides

Which of the following species does equilibrium favor in solution?

How many monosaccharides are produced when the following sugar is hydrolyzed?

Which of the following molecules is NOT a polysaccharide?

Which of the following foods contain carbohydrates?

Which of the following statements describes the role of insulin in the body? I. Insulin signals to cells to allow glucose to enter. II) Insulin stimulates the conversion of glucose to glycogen. III) Insulin stimulates the hydrolysis of glucose from glycogen.

A patient undergoing a kidney transplant is given a kidney from a person with type B blood when the patient is, in fact, type O. What effect of this mistake would be most likely?

Do you expect monosaccharides to be soluble in water?

Which of the following glycosidic linkages does the sugar shown below contain?

What is the relationship between d- and l-glucose?

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?

Cellobiose, shown below, cannot be hydrolyzed into monosaccharides by humans. Which statement best describes why this is the case?

The Fischer projection for fructose is shown below. Is it a d-sugar or an l-sugar?

What type of saccharide is the following molecule?

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Exam 11: Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

A disaccharide has an -(1→4) glycosidic linkage. Which statement about this sugar is true?

How can it be determined whether a sugar is α- or β- by looking at the Haworth projection?

Animals cannot digest________, but ruminants such as horses and cows have bacteria in their digestive track that can digest it.

The circled oxygen in the cyclic structure of glucose corresponds to which boxed oxygen in the linear structure?

This disaccharide is the common type of sugar that comes from sugar cane or beets.

Which of the following is a monosaccharide?

Which of the following types of carbohydrates can be hydrolyzed to give smaller molecules? I. monosaccharides II) disaccharides III) oligosaccharides IV) polysaccharides

Which of the following species does equilibrium favor in solution?

How many monosaccharides are produced when the following sugar is hydrolyzed?

Which of the following molecules is NOT a polysaccharide?

Which of the following foods contain carbohydrates?

Which of the following statements describes the role of insulin in the body? I. Insulin signals to cells to allow glucose to enter. II) Insulin stimulates the conversion of glucose to glycogen. III) Insulin stimulates the hydrolysis of glucose from glycogen.

A patient undergoing a kidney transplant is given a kidney from a person with type B blood when the patient is, in fact, type O. What effect of this mistake would be most likely?

Do you expect monosaccharides to be soluble in water?

Which of the following glycosidic linkages does the sugar shown below contain?

What is the relationship between d- and l-glucose?

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?

Cellobiose, shown below, cannot be hydrolyzed into monosaccharides by humans. Which statement best describes why this is the case?

The Fischer projection for fructose is shown below. Is it a d-sugar or an l-sugar?

What type of saccharide is the following molecule?

Measuring Matter and Energy

Atomic Structure and Nuclear Radiation

Compounds and Molecules

Chemical Quantities and Chemical Reactions

Changes of State and the Gas Laws

Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons

Organic Chemistry and Biomolecules

Solutions, Colloids and Membranes

Acids and Bases

The Reactions of Organic Functional Groups in Biochemistry

Lipids: Structure and Function

Proteins: Structure and Function

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Energy and Metabolism

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