Question 1

The structures of mannose and galactose are given below. What is the relationship between these two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are identical. 
B)  They are constitutional isomers. 
C)  They are diastereomers. 
D)  They are enantiomers. 
E)  They are conformers. 
A)  They are identical. 
B)  They are constitutional isomers. 
C)  They are diastereomers. 
D)  They are enantiomers. 
E)  They are conformers.

Question 2

How are disaccharides separated into two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is not possible to separate disaccharides into monosaccharides. 
B)  by esterification 
C)  by hydration 
D)  by hydrolysis 
E)  by amidation 
A)  It is not possible to separate disaccharides into monosaccharides. 
B)  by esterification 
C)  by hydration 
D)  by hydrolysis 
E)  by amidation

Question 3

The open chain form of a carbohydrate contains a carbonyl group. This carbonyl group reacts to become an alcohol when the ring closes, forming the anomeric carbon. The type of carbonyl determines which type of ring is formed. Select the choice in which the type of carbonyl is paired with the correct type of ring that is formed.

Accepted Answer

A)  ketone and pyranose 
B)  aldehyde and pyranose 
C)  carboxylic acid and furanose 
D)  carboxylic acid and pyranose 
E)  aldehyde and furanose 
A)  ketone and pyranose 
B)  aldehyde and pyranose 
C)  carboxylic acid and furanose 
D)  carboxylic acid and pyranose 
E)  aldehyde and furanose

Question 4

What is produced by cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen 
B)  sugars 
C)  carbon dioxide, water, and energy 
D)  oxygen and energy 
E)  oxygen, sugars, and energy 
A)  oxygen 
B)  sugars 
C)  carbon dioxide, water, and energy 
D)  oxygen and energy 
E)  oxygen, sugars, and energy

Question 5

Which of the following best describes how brushing your teeth prevents cavities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toothpaste stops the metabolism of glucose. 
B)  Toothpaste neutralizes lactic acid. 
C)  Brushing removes sugars. 
D)  Brushing removes anaerobic bacteria. 
E)  Toothpaste increases pH in the mouth. 
A)  Toothpaste stops the metabolism of glucose. 
B)  Toothpaste neutralizes lactic acid. 
C)  Brushing removes sugars. 
D)  Brushing removes anaerobic bacteria. 
E)  Toothpaste increases pH in the mouth.

Question 6

Which of the following features is NOT shared by all monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monosaccharides cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler carbohydrates. 
B)  Monosaccharides all contain six carbons. 
C)  Monosaccharides have an aldehyde or a ketone. 
D)  Monosaccharides contain two or more alcohols. 
E)  Actually, all of these statements are true. 
A)  Monosaccharides cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler carbohydrates. 
B)  Monosaccharides all contain six carbons. 
C)  Monosaccharides have an aldehyde or a ketone. 
D)  Monosaccharides contain two or more alcohols. 
E)  Actually, all of these statements are true.

Question 7

This disaccharide is found in milk.

Accepted Answer

A)  lactose 
B)  sucrose 
C)  cellobiose 
D)  maltose 
E)  both cellobiose and maltose 
A)  lactose 
B)  sucrose 
C)  cellobiose 
D)  maltose 
E)  both cellobiose and maltose

Question 8

Which of the following blood types can be donated to someone with type A blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  type A only 
B)  type A or type O 
C)  type A or type AB 
D)  any of the blood types except A 
E)  Type A can receive blood from any of the blood types. 
A)  type A only 
B)  type A or type O 
C)  type A or type AB 
D)  any of the blood types except A 
E)  Type A can receive blood from any of the blood types.

Question 9

Which of the following sugars is called "blood sugar"?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  glycogen 
C)  fructose 
D)  sucrose 
E)  All of the above 
A)  glucose 
B)  glycogen 
C)  fructose 
D)  sucrose 
E)  All of the above

Question 10

Cellulose and starch are similar in that they are both polymers of glucose. Cellulose, however, forms sheet-like structures, which give rigidity to a plant, whereas starch forms spirals. What accounts for this difference in macroscopic structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellulose is composed of d-glucose, whereas starch is composed of l-glucose. 
B)  Cellulose and starch are connected together on different carbons. 
C)  Cellulose is composed of l-glucose, whereas starch is composed of d-glucose. 
D)  Cellulose has a F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(1→4) linkage, whereas starch has an F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(1→4) linkage. 
E)  Starch has a F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(1→4) linkage, whereas cellulose has an F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(1→4) linkage. 
A)  Cellulose is composed of d-glucose, whereas starch is composed of l-glucose. 
B)  Cellulose and starch are connected together on different carbons. 
C)  Cellulose is composed of l-glucose, whereas starch is composed of d-glucose. 
D)  Cellulose has a F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(1→4) linkage, whereas starch has an F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(1→4) linkage. 
E)  Starch has a F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(1→4) linkage, whereas cellulose has an F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-(1→4) linkage.

Question 11

The result of a patient's Fasting Plasma Glucose Test is 60 mg glucose per deciliter. This patient is

Accepted Answer

A)  normal. 
B)  hypoglycemic. 
C)  hyperglycemic. 
D)  diabetic. 
E)  both hyperglycemic and diabetic. 
A)  normal. 
B)  hypoglycemic. 
C)  hyperglycemic. 
D)  diabetic. 
E)  both hyperglycemic and diabetic.

Question 12

Which of the following arrows is pointing to a glycosidic bond?

Accepted Answer

A)  a only 
B)  b only 
C)  c only 
D)  b and c 
E)  b, c, and d 
A)  a only 
B)  b only 
C)  c only 
D)  b and c 
E)  b, c, and d

Question 13

How are glycosidic linkages broken during catabolism of sugars?

Accepted Answer

A)  by oxidation 
B)  by reduction 
C)  by hydrolysis 
D)  by hydrogenation 
E)  by dehydration 
A)  by oxidation 
B)  by reduction 
C)  by hydrolysis 
D)  by hydrogenation 
E)  by dehydration

Question 14

The most common polysaccharides found in plants and animals are polymers of

Accepted Answer

A)  galactose. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  fructose. 
D)  glucose and fructose. 
E)  glucose, fructose, and galactose. 
A)  galactose. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  fructose. 
D)  glucose and fructose. 
E)  glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Question 15

Type _____ blood is the universal donor, whereas type _____ is the universal recipient.

Accepted Answer

A)  O; AB 
B)  AB; O 
C)  A; B 
D)  B; A 
E)  O; A or B 
A)  O; AB 
B)  AB; O 
C)  A; B 
D)  B; A 
E)  O; A or B

Question 16

Below is the open-chain form of fructose, followed by several cyclic monosaccharides. Choose the cyclic monosaccharides that are the ring form of fructose.

Accepted Answer

A)  Only structure II is d-fructose. 
B)  Only structure III is d-fructose. 
C)  Both structures I and II are d-fructose. 
D)  Both structure III and IV are d-fructose. 
E)  All of these structures are d-fructose. 
A)  Only structure II is d-fructose. 
B)  Only structure III is d-fructose. 
C)  Both structures I and II are d-fructose. 
D)  Both structure III and IV are d-fructose. 
E)  All of these structures are d-fructose.

Question 17

Plants store energy in the form of

Accepted Answer

A)  amylose. 
B)  amylopectin. 
C)  glycogen. 
D)  cellulose. 
E)  amylose and amylopectin. 
A)  amylose. 
B)  amylopectin. 
C)  glycogen. 
D)  cellulose. 
E)  amylose and amylopectin.

Question 18

Which carbon determines whether the sugar below is d- or l-?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 19

Which of the following statements best describes photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  the breakdown of starch into CO2, H2O, and energy 
B)  the breakdown of starch into CO2 and H2O using energy 
C)  the synthesis of starch from CO2, H2O, and energy 
D)  the synthesis of starch and energy from CO2 and H2O 
E)  Photosynthesis applies to all of the above processes. 
A)  the breakdown of starch into CO2, H2O, and energy 
B)  the breakdown of starch into CO2 and H2O using energy 
C)  the synthesis of starch from CO2, H2O, and energy 
D)  the synthesis of starch and energy from CO2 and H2O 
E)  Photosynthesis applies to all of the above processes.

Question 20

Nature produces predominantly _______-carbohydrates and _______-amino acids.

Accepted Answer

A)  d, d 
B)  d, l 
C)  l, d 
D)  l, l 
E)  Nature does not favor one stereoisomer over another. 
A)  d, d 
B)  d, l 
C)  l, d 
D)  l, l 
E)  Nature does not favor one stereoisomer over another.

The structures of mannose and galactose are given below. What is the relationship between these two monosaccharides?

How are disaccharides separated into two monosaccharides?

What is produced by cellular respiration?

Which of the following best describes how brushing your teeth prevents cavities?

Which of the following features is NOT shared by all monosaccharides?

This disaccharide is found in milk.

Which of the following blood types can be donated to someone with type A blood?

Which of the following sugars is called "blood sugar"?

Cellulose and starch are similar in that they are both polymers of glucose. Cellulose, however, forms sheet-like structures, which give rigidity to a plant, whereas starch forms spirals. What accounts for this difference in macroscopic structure?

The result of a patient's Fasting Plasma Glucose Test is 60 mg glucose per deciliter. This patient is

Which of the following arrows is pointing to a glycosidic bond?

How are glycosidic linkages broken during catabolism of sugars?

The most common polysaccharides found in plants and animals are polymers of

Type _ blood is the universal donor, whereas type _ is the universal recipient.

Below is the open-chain form of fructose, followed by several cyclic monosaccharides. Choose the cyclic monosaccharides that are the ring form of fructose.

Plants store energy in the form of

Which carbon determines whether the sugar below is d- or l-?

Which of the following statements best describes photosynthesis?

Nature produces predominantly _-carbohydrates and _-amino acids.

Measuring Matter and Energy

Atomic Structure and Nuclear Radiation

Compounds and Molecules

Chemical Quantities and Chemical Reactions

Changes of State and the Gas Laws

Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons

Organic Chemistry and Biomolecules

Solutions, Colloids and Membranes

Acids and Bases

The Reactions of Organic Functional Groups in Biochemistry

Lipids: Structure and Function

Proteins: Structure and Function

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Energy and Metabolism

Filters

Exam 11: Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

The structures of mannose and galactose are given below. What is the relationship between these two monosaccharides?

How are disaccharides separated into two monosaccharides?

What is produced by cellular respiration?

Which of the following best describes how brushing your teeth prevents cavities?

Which of the following features is NOT shared by all monosaccharides?

This disaccharide is found in milk.

Which of the following blood types can be donated to someone with type A blood?

Which of the following sugars is called "blood sugar"?

Cellulose and starch are similar in that they are both polymers of glucose. Cellulose, however, forms sheet-like structures, which give rigidity to a plant, whereas starch forms spirals. What accounts for this difference in macroscopic structure?

The result of a patient's Fasting Plasma Glucose Test is 60 mg glucose per deciliter. This patient is

Which of the following arrows is pointing to a glycosidic bond?

How are glycosidic linkages broken during catabolism of sugars?

The most common polysaccharides found in plants and animals are polymers of

Type _____ blood is the universal donor, whereas type _____ is the universal recipient.

Below is the open-chain form of fructose, followed by several cyclic monosaccharides. Choose the cyclic monosaccharides that are the ring form of fructose.

Plants store energy in the form of

Which carbon determines whether the sugar below is d- or l-?

Which of the following statements best describes photosynthesis?

Nature produces predominantly _______-carbohydrates and _______-amino acids.

Measuring Matter and Energy

Atomic Structure and Nuclear Radiation

Compounds and Molecules

Chemical Quantities and Chemical Reactions

Changes of State and the Gas Laws

Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons

Organic Chemistry and Biomolecules

Solutions, Colloids and Membranes

Acids and Bases

The Reactions of Organic Functional Groups in Biochemistry

Lipids: Structure and Function

Proteins: Structure and Function

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Energy and Metabolism

Filters

Type _ blood is the universal donor, whereas type _ is the universal recipient.

Nature produces predominantly _-carbohydrates and _-amino acids.