Question 1

Convergent evolution occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  analogous structures evolve to be homologous. 
B)  unrelated organisms develop analogous structures. 
C)  two or more populations merge into one. 
D)  two or more different species evolve to become one species. 
A)  analogous structures evolve to be homologous. 
B)  unrelated organisms develop analogous structures. 
C)  two or more populations merge into one. 
D)  two or more different species evolve to become one species.

Question 2

Modern geologists estimate that the age of Earth is about

Accepted Answer

A)  4.5 trillion years. 
B)  4,500 years. 
C)  450,000 years. 
D)  4.5 million years. 
E)  4.5 billion years. 
A)  4.5 trillion years. 
B)  4,500 years. 
C)  450,000 years. 
D)  4.5 million years. 
E)  4.5 billion years.

Question 3

"Cole" refers to any of various plants belonging to the Cruciferae or mustard family, which include broccoli, cabbage, collard greens, and other familiar vegetables. The controlled breeding of cole crops to produce certain physical traits in those organisms is called

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection. 
B)  agricultural selection. 
C)  artificial selection. 
D)  physical selection. 
A)  natural selection. 
B)  agricultural selection. 
C)  artificial selection. 
D)  physical selection.

Question 4

Dandelions in a lawn that is mowed have short flower stalks, whereas those in a field have tall flower stocks. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent evolution. 
B)  natural selection. 
C)  artificial mutation. 
D)  artificial selection. 
E)  inheritance of acquired characteristics. 
A)  convergent evolution. 
B)  natural selection. 
C)  artificial mutation. 
D)  artificial selection. 
E)  inheritance of acquired characteristics.

Question 5

Darwin was influenced by Thomas Malthus's writings on

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection. 
B)  genetics. 
C)  evolution. 
D)  population growth. 
E)  uniformitarianism. 
A)  natural selection. 
B)  genetics. 
C)  evolution. 
D)  population growth. 
E)  uniformitarianism.

Question 6

The theory of natural selection states that

Accepted Answer

A)  the most well- adapted individuals in their environments survive and reproduce, contributing the most genes to the next generation. 
B)  only the largest and strongest individuals survive. 
C)  individuals that mutate in response to changes in their environment will contribute the most genes to the next generation. 
D)  random assortment of genes results in better physical characteristics in the following generations. 
E)  all individuals live to reproduce in each generation. 
A)  the most well- adapted individuals in their environments survive and reproduce, contributing the most genes to the next generation. 
B)  only the largest and strongest individuals survive. 
C)  individuals that mutate in response to changes in their environment will contribute the most genes to the next generation. 
D)  random assortment of genes results in better physical characteristics in the following generations. 
E)  all individuals live to reproduce in each generation.

Question 7

Charles Darwin believed that artificial selection was

Accepted Answer

A)  similar in many ways to natural selection. 
B)  a process completely identical to natural selection. 
C)  a common phenomenon in nature. 
D)  impossible. 
E)  unimportant. 
A)  similar in many ways to natural selection. 
B)  a process completely identical to natural selection. 
C)  a common phenomenon in nature. 
D)  impossible. 
E)  unimportant.

Question 8

A storm blows the four species of finches shown in the figure to a new island that has only small- seeded grasses. Which species is more likely to survive?

Accepted Answer

A)  Species a 
B)  Species b 
C)  Species c 
D)  Species d 
A)  Species a 
B)  Species b 
C)  Species c 
D)  Species d

Question 9

An emu is a flightless bird that still has wings. These wings are an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  homologous structures. 
D)  analogous structures. 
E)  vestigial structures. 
A)  mutation. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  homologous structures. 
D)  analogous structures. 
E)  vestigial structures.

Question 10

Through artificial selection, it is possible to select for characteristics that may not be advantageous to the organism in a natural environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The theory that earthquakes, floods, and other natural disasters cause extinctions of some species while leaving others unharmed is .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theory that earthquakes, floods, and other...

Question 12

The controlled breeding of domestic plants and animals by humans to produce certain physical traits in those organisms is called

Accepted Answer

A)  physical selection. 
B)  agricultural selection. 
C)  artificial selection. 
D)  natural selection. 
A)  physical selection. 
B)  agricultural selection. 
C)  artificial selection. 
D)  natural selection.

Question 13

Which statement illustrates Lamarck's theory on the mechanism of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Giraffes with longer necks survived and reproduced faster because they could reach a better food source. 
B)  Plants that can survive in less light will become the dominant species in shaded areas. 
C)  Birds with bright colors will attract more mates and pass on the colorful plumage. 
D)  Fish with coloration that matches the river bottom they inhabit will survive to reproduce. 
E)  A man who routinely shaves the hair off his head will have sons who become bald. 
A)  Giraffes with longer necks survived and reproduced faster because they could reach a better food source. 
B)  Plants that can survive in less light will become the dominant species in shaded areas. 
C)  Birds with bright colors will attract more mates and pass on the colorful plumage. 
D)  Fish with coloration that matches the river bottom they inhabit will survive to reproduce. 
E)  A man who routinely shaves the hair off his head will have sons who become bald.

Question 14

Evidence that supports the theory of evolution is found in the studies of

Accepted Answer

A)  fossils. 
B)  artificial selection. 
C)  biochemistry. 
D)  embryos. 
E)  embryos, biochemistry, fossils, and artificial selection. 
A)  fossils. 
B)  artificial selection. 
C)  biochemistry. 
D)  embryos. 
E)  embryos, biochemistry, fossils, and artificial selection.

Question 15

Which scientist devised the theory of uniformitarianism to account for Earth's old age?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plato 
B)  Lamarck 
C)  Darwin 
D)  Lyell 
E)  Cuvier 
A)  Plato 
B)  Lamarck 
C)  Darwin 
D)  Lyell 
E)  Cuvier

Question 16

Plato's view of species

Accepted Answer

A)  did not allow for evolutionary change. 
B)  recognized that each individual in a species is unique. 
C)  was similar to the modern concept of evolution. 
D)  allowed for limited evolution within species. 
E)  included species that do not actually exist. 
A)  did not allow for evolutionary change. 
B)  recognized that each individual in a species is unique. 
C)  was similar to the modern concept of evolution. 
D)  allowed for limited evolution within species. 
E)  included species that do not actually exist.

Question 17

Coprolites (animal dung), bones, and impressions of body parts in rocks are called _ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Coprolites (animal dung), bones, and impressions of...

Question 18

The many different breeds of domestic dog were produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial mutation. 
B)  artificial selection. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  physical selection. 
A)  artificial mutation. 
B)  artificial selection. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  physical selection.

Question 19

In most geological formations, younger rocks are layered over older rocks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Most commercial pesticides are effective for only 2 or 3 years because

Accepted Answer

A)  the chemicals mutate and become ineffective. 
B)  those pests born with mutations that provide immunity will survive and reproduce. 
C)  the pests learn to hide when the chemicals are being applied. 
D)  the chemicals induce mutations that provide immunity. 
E)  new pests invade the area. 
A)  the chemicals mutate and become ineffective. 
B)  those pests born with mutations that provide immunity will survive and reproduce. 
C)  the pests learn to hide when the chemicals are being applied. 
D)  the chemicals induce mutations that provide immunity. 
E)  new pests invade the area.

Exam 15: Principles of Evolution

Convergent evolution occurs when

Modern geologists estimate that the age of Earth is about

"Cole" refers to any of various plants belonging to the Cruciferae or mustard family, which include broccoli, cabbage, collard greens, and other familiar vegetables. The controlled breeding of cole crops to produce certain physical traits in those organisms is called

Dandelions in a lawn that is mowed have short flower stalks, whereas those in a field have tall flower stocks. This illustrates

Darwin was influenced by Thomas Malthus's writings on

The theory of natural selection states that

Charles Darwin believed that artificial selection was

A storm blows the four species of finches shown in the figure to a new island that has only small- seeded grasses. Which species is more likely to survive?

An emu is a flightless bird that still has wings. These wings are an example of

Through artificial selection, it is possible to select for characteristics that may not be advantageous to the organism in a natural environment.

The theory that earthquakes, floods, and other natural disasters cause extinctions of some species while leaving others unharmed is .

The controlled breeding of domestic plants and animals by humans to produce certain physical traits in those organisms is called

Which statement illustrates Lamarck's theory on the mechanism of evolution?

Evidence that supports the theory of evolution is found in the studies of

Which scientist devised the theory of uniformitarianism to account for Earth's old age?

Plato's view of species

Coprolites (animal dung), bones, and impressions of body parts in rocks are called _ .

The many different breeds of domestic dog were produced by

In most geological formations, younger rocks are layered over older rocks.

Most commercial pesticides are effective for only 2 or 3 years because

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity II: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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