Question 1

Match the following descriptions with the correct term:
-Ecology

Accepted Answer

A) people distinguished by cultural heritage 
B) distinct periods which occur in an orderly sequence 
C) theory of psychosocial development 
D) the building blocks of heredity 
E) subjects who do not receive treatment
F)stimulus, response, consequence
G)similar behavior in same-age peers
H)first year of life
I)number ranging from +1.00 to -1.00
J)standardized intelligence test
K)relationships between living organisms and their environment
L)begins in the third year of life
M)quantities that can change over time
N)decreases undesired behavior
O)modify existing schema
P)attitudes and ideologies of a culture
Q)increases desired behavior
R)Pavlov bell-and-pad treatment
S)study of how behaviors specific to a species help them adapt
T)tabula rasa 
A) people distinguished by cultural heritage 
B) distinct periods which occur in an orderly sequence 
C) theory of psychosocial development 
D) the building blocks of heredity 
E) subjects who do not receive treatment
F)stimulus, response, consequence
G)similar behavior in same-age peers
H)first year of life
I)number ranging from +1.00 to -1.00
J)standardized intelligence test
K)relationships between living organisms and their environment
L)begins in the third year of life
M)quantities that can change over time
N)decreases undesired behavior
O)modify existing schema
P)attitudes and ideologies of a culture
Q)increases desired behavior
R)Pavlov bell-and-pad treatment
S)study of how behaviors specific to a species help them adapt
T)tabula rasa

Question 2

Why do we study child development?

Accepted Answer

Researchers study child development for

Question 3

Erikson labeled the stages of his theory based upon

Accepted Answer

A)  chronological age. 
B)  psychosexual crises. 
C)  life crises. 
D)  unhealthy patterns of parenting. 
A)  chronological age. 
B)  psychosexual crises. 
C)  life crises. 
D)  unhealthy patterns of parenting.

Question 4

Which of Piaget's stages is characterized by deductive logic, mental trial-and-error, and hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Preoperational 
B)  Concrete operational 
C)  Formal operational 
D)  Advanced adult operational 
A)  Preoperational 
B)  Concrete operational 
C)  Formal operational 
D)  Advanced adult operational

Question 5

Omar can tie his shoes, but only with his mother's help. This suggests that tying shoes is

Accepted Answer

A)  beyond Omar's scope of capability. 
B)  within Omar's zone of proximal development. 
C)  an innate process that simply needs nurturing to unfold. 
D)  too difficult for a child his age and should not be attempted. 
A)  beyond Omar's scope of capability. 
B)  within Omar's zone of proximal development. 
C)  an innate process that simply needs nurturing to unfold. 
D)  too difficult for a child his age and should not be attempted.

Question 6

Freud felt insufficient or excessive gratification in a stage of development would lead to developmental problems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Suppose you wished to conduct a cross-sequential study on children's gender roles across a period of six years. Which method would you use?

Accepted Answer

A)  Follow one group of children, assessing their gender roles across six years. 
B)  Conduct detailed interviews of one child across six years. 
C)  Obtain a sample of 3-year-olds and of 6-year-olds and assess them for three years. 
D)  Visit a daycare center and observe which toys children choose to play with at different ages. 
A)  Follow one group of children, assessing their gender roles across six years. 
B)  Conduct detailed interviews of one child across six years. 
C)  Obtain a sample of 3-year-olds and of 6-year-olds and assess them for three years. 
D)  Visit a daycare center and observe which toys children choose to play with at different ages.

Question 8

Piaget saw children as

Accepted Answer

A)  budding scientists. 
B)  ignorant blank slates. 
C)  at the mercy of instinctive impulses. 
D)  passive vessels waiting to be filled with knowledge. 
A)  budding scientists. 
B)  ignorant blank slates. 
C)  at the mercy of instinctive impulses. 
D)  passive vessels waiting to be filled with knowledge.

Question 9

When researchers study the effects of events, such as wars or economic depressions, on children over time, which of Bronfenbrenner's systems is being examined?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mesosystem 
B)  Exosystem 
C)  Macrosystem 
D)  Chronosystem 
A)  Mesosystem 
B)  Exosystem 
C)  Macrosystem 
D)  Chronosystem

Question 10

Assimilation is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  nonadaptive process. 
B)  innate process acquired at birth. 
C)  purely a cognitive process. 
D)  biological and cognitive process. 
A)  nonadaptive process. 
B)  innate process acquired at birth. 
C)  purely a cognitive process. 
D)  biological and cognitive process.

Question 11

In the classic study by psychologist Harriet Rheingold, extinction of infant vocalizations occurred when the researcher

Accepted Answer

A)  provided encouraging sounds, smiles, and touches. 
B)  passively observed each infant. 
C)  used punishment. 
D)  provided a negative reinforce. 
A)  provided encouraging sounds, smiles, and touches. 
B)  passively observed each infant. 
C)  used punishment. 
D)  provided a negative reinforce.

Question 12

The information-processing perspective was influenced by which of the following inventions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Steam engine 
B)  Airplane 
C)  Telephone 
D)  Computer 
A)  Steam engine 
B)  Airplane 
C)  Telephone 
D)  Computer

Question 13

Albert Bandura would agree with which statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  A child can learn how to use crayons by watching others use crayons. 
B)  The bell-and-pad method for bed-wetting is a social-cognitive approach. 
C)  Children react mechanically to stimuli. 
D)  People are driven by motives such as sex and aggression. 
A)  A child can learn how to use crayons by watching others use crayons. 
B)  The bell-and-pad method for bed-wetting is a social-cognitive approach. 
C)  Children react mechanically to stimuli. 
D)  People are driven by motives such as sex and aggression.

Question 14

Zack has been wetting the bed. A special pad is placed under him while he is sleeping. If the pad becomes wet, a circuit closes, causing a bell to ring. After several repetitions, Zack learns to wake up before wetting the pad. Over time, Zack stops wetting the bed altogether. This is an example of the application of what theory to the treatment of bed-wetting?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychodynamic theory 
B)  Psychosocial theory 
C)  Cognitive theory 
D)  Learning theory 
A)  Psychodynamic theory 
B)  Psychosocial theory 
C)  Cognitive theory 
D)  Learning theory

Question 15

According to Bandura, children

Accepted Answer

A)  choose whether or not to engage in behaviors they've learned. 
B)  can only learn by doing. 
C)  will not imitate the behavior of others unless they are rewarded for doing so. 
D)  are passive recipients of knowledge. 
A)  choose whether or not to engage in behaviors they've learned. 
B)  can only learn by doing. 
C)  will not imitate the behavior of others unless they are rewarded for doing so. 
D)  are passive recipients of knowledge.

Question 16

What is the second stage of psychosocial development, according to Erikson?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trust vs. mistrust 
B)  Autonomy vs. shame and doubt 
C)  Initiative vs. guilt 
D)  Industry vs. inferiority 
A)  Trust vs. mistrust 
B)  Autonomy vs. shame and doubt 
C)  Initiative vs. guilt 
D)  Industry vs. inferiority

Question 17

Sigmund Freud and Jean Piaget were both stage theorists.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Kareem laughs whenever his neck is touched. Now before touching his neck, his mommy says "gotcha." Pretty soon, as soon as she says "gotcha," Kareem starts to laugh. In this example, what is the neutral stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Laughing when his neck is touched 
B)  Saying "gotcha" 
C)  Laughing when he hears "gotcha" 
D)  Touching his neck 
A)  Laughing when his neck is touched 
B)  Saying "gotcha" 
C)  Laughing when he hears "gotcha" 
D)  Touching his neck

Question 19

Little Albert was conditioned to be afraid of

Accepted Answer

A)  John Watson. 
B)  a laboratory rat. 
C)  the fur collar on a woman's coat. 
D)  the laboratory setting. 
A)  John Watson. 
B)  a laboratory rat. 
C)  the fur collar on a woman's coat. 
D)  the laboratory setting.

Question 20

Just four years after Watson proposed his behavioralist views that ideas, preferences, and skills are shaped by the environment, Gesell came forward with which perspective of child development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children are inherently evil. 
B)  Children are inherently good. 
C)  Biological maturation is the main principle of development. 
D)  Environment is the main principle of development. 
A)  Children are inherently evil. 
B)  Children are inherently good. 
C)  Biological maturation is the main principle of development. 
D)  Environment is the main principle of development.

Match the following descriptions with the correct term: -Ecology

Why do we study child development?

Erikson labeled the stages of his theory based upon

Which of Piaget's stages is characterized by deductive logic, mental trial-and-error, and hypothesis testing?

Omar can tie his shoes, but only with his mother's help. This suggests that tying shoes is

Freud felt insufficient or excessive gratification in a stage of development would lead to developmental problems.

Suppose you wished to conduct a cross-sequential study on children's gender roles across a period of six years. Which method would you use?

Piaget saw children as

When researchers study the effects of events, such as wars or economic depressions, on children over time, which of Bronfenbrenner's systems is being examined?

Assimilation is a(n)

In the classic study by psychologist Harriet Rheingold, extinction of infant vocalizations occurred when the researcher

The information-processing perspective was influenced by which of the following inventions?

Albert Bandura would agree with which statement?

According to Bandura, children

What is the second stage of psychosocial development, according to Erikson?

Sigmund Freud and Jean Piaget were both stage theorists.

Kareem laughs whenever his neck is touched. Now before touching his neck, his mommy says "gotcha." Pretty soon, as soon as she says "gotcha," Kareem starts to laugh. In this example, what is the neutral stimulus?

Little Albert was conditioned to be afraid of

Just four years after Watson proposed his behavioralist views that ideas, preferences, and skills are shaped by the environment, Gesell came forward with which perspective of child development?

Heredity-And-Conception

Prenatal-Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy-Physical-Development

Infancy-Cognitive-Development

Infancy-Social-And-Emotional-Development

Early-Childhood-Physical-Development

Early-Childhood-Cognitive-Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical Development

Middle-Childhood-Cognitive-Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Filters

Exam 1: History-Theories-And-Methods

Match the following descriptions with the correct term: -Ecology

Why do we study child development?

Erikson labeled the stages of his theory based upon

Which of Piaget's stages is characterized by deductive logic, mental trial-and-error, and hypothesis testing?

Omar can tie his shoes, but only with his mother's help. This suggests that tying shoes is

Freud felt insufficient or excessive gratification in a stage of development would lead to developmental problems.

Suppose you wished to conduct a cross-sequential study on children's gender roles across a period of six years. Which method would you use?

Piaget saw children as

When researchers study the effects of events, such as wars or economic depressions, on children over time, which of Bronfenbrenner's systems is being examined?

Assimilation is a(n)

In the classic study by psychologist Harriet Rheingold, extinction of infant vocalizations occurred when the researcher

The information-processing perspective was influenced by which of the following inventions?

Albert Bandura would agree with which statement?

According to Bandura, children

What is the second stage of psychosocial development, according to Erikson?

Sigmund Freud and Jean Piaget were both stage theorists.

Kareem laughs whenever his neck is touched. Now before touching his neck, his mommy says "gotcha." Pretty soon, as soon as she says "gotcha," Kareem starts to laugh. In this example, what is the neutral stimulus?

Little Albert was conditioned to be afraid of

Just four years after Watson proposed his behavioralist views that ideas, preferences, and skills are shaped by the environment, Gesell came forward with which perspective of child development?

Heredity-And-Conception

Prenatal-Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy-Physical-Development

Infancy-Cognitive-Development

Infancy-Social-And-Emotional-Development

Early-Childhood-Physical-Development

Early-Childhood-Cognitive-Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical Development

Middle-Childhood-Cognitive-Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Filters