Question 1

Which of the following is a set of principles that explains and predicts many, but not all, observed relationships within a given domain?

Accepted Answer

A)  A tautology 
B)  A research hypothesis 
C)  A theory 
D)  A deduction 
A)  A tautology 
B)  A research hypothesis 
C)  A theory 
D)  A deduction C

Question 2

When coming up with a research idea, one should always

Accepted Answer

A)  be aware of existing research. 
B)  rely on one's intuition. 
C)  be certain that the idea addresses real world problems. 
D)  focus primarily on conflicting findings. 
A)  be aware of existing research. 
B)  rely on one's intuition. 
C)  be certain that the idea addresses real world problems. 
D)  focus primarily on conflicting findings. A

Question 3

Choose the order that goes from most general to most specific.

Accepted Answer

A)  Theories, laws, research hypotheses 
B)  Research hypotheses, laws, theories 
C)  Laws, research hypotheses, theories 
D)  Laws, theories, research hypotheses 
A)  Theories, laws, research hypotheses 
B)  Research hypotheses, laws, theories 
C)  Laws, research hypotheses, theories 
D)  Laws, theories, research hypotheses D

Question 4

In a correlational study of the influence of violent television programs on aggressive play behavior, the television violence is the _______and the aggressive behavior is the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent variable; independent variable 
B)  predictor variable; outcome variable 
C)  first variable; last variable 
D)  outcome variable; predictor variable 
A)  dependent variable; independent variable 
B)  predictor variable; outcome variable 
C)  first variable; last variable 
D)  outcome variable; predictor variable

Question 5

Which of the following is not a good way to get a research idea?

Accepted Answer

A)  To extend previous research. 
B)  To explain conflicting findings. 
C)  To validate existing laws. 
D)  To find previous limiting conditions of a tested research question. 
A)  To extend previous research. 
B)  To explain conflicting findings. 
C)  To validate existing laws. 
D)  To find previous limiting conditions of a tested research question.

Question 6

Most theories

Accepted Answer

A)  make accurate predictions in all cases. 
B)  are derived from laws. 
C)  are limited in that they make accurate predictions in some cases but not in others. 
D)  are tautological. 
A)  make accurate predictions in all cases. 
B)  are derived from laws. 
C)  are limited in that they make accurate predictions in some cases but not in others. 
D)  are tautological.

Question 7

A literature search will be most efficient if it

Accepted Answer

A)  starts at a specific level and expands to a more general level. 
B)  starts at a general level and then progresses to a more specific level. 
C)  starts at one level and stays the same throughout the search. 
D)  considers primarily general, rather than specific, levels of information. 
A)  starts at a specific level and expands to a more general level. 
B)  starts at a general level and then progresses to a more specific level. 
C)  starts at one level and stays the same throughout the search. 
D)  considers primarily general, rather than specific, levels of information.

Question 8

When conducting a literature search, it is usually best to

Accepted Answer

A)  know exactly what you are looking for before you begin the search. 
B)  work from older sources toward newer sources. 
C)  locate only secondary sources. 
D)  be prepared to change your ideas about what you want to study as you learn about the literature. 
A)  know exactly what you are looking for before you begin the search. 
B)  work from older sources toward newer sources. 
C)  locate only secondary sources. 
D)  be prepared to change your ideas about what you want to study as you learn about the literature.

Question 9

A general principle that holds in all situations is a __________, whereas a set of principles that explains many, but not all, behaviors is a __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  law; theory 
B)  law; research hypothesis 
C)  theory; law 
D)  research hypothesis; theory 
A)  law; theory 
B)  law; research hypothesis 
C)  theory; law 
D)  research hypothesis; theory

Question 10

A scientist is interested in testing whether SAT scores can predict a student's GPA. In this design, GPA is the _____ and SAT score is the_____.

Accepted Answer

A)  predictor; outcome 
B)  independent; dependent 
C)  outcome; predictor 
D)  predictor; manipulated 
A)  predictor; outcome 
B)  independent; dependent 
C)  outcome; predictor 
D)  predictor; manipulated

Question 11

In scientific research,

Accepted Answer

A)  ideas are primarily based on the opinions of others. 
B)  ideas are developed primarily through intuition. 
C)  ideas are obtained primarily through observation. 
D)  there are many different sources of ideas. 
A)  ideas are primarily based on the opinions of others. 
B)  ideas are developed primarily through intuition. 
C)  ideas are obtained primarily through observation. 
D)  there are many different sources of ideas.

Question 12

Louise has decided to conduct an experiment that is expected to show that an existing theory (the theory of cognitive dissonance) can explain why individuals who have cheated on an exam may later decide that it is OK to cheat. Her experiment is informed by

Accepted Answer

A)  the inductive method. 
B)  the parsimonious method. 
C)  the deductive method. 
D)  the method of falsifiability. 
A)  the inductive method. 
B)  the parsimonious method. 
C)  the deductive method. 
D)  the method of falsifiability.

Question 13

In a correlational research design, the term predictor variable is used to refer to the

Accepted Answer

A)  manipulated variable. 
B)  research hypothesis. 
C)  independent variable. 
D)  dependent variable. 
A)  manipulated variable. 
B)  research hypothesis. 
C)  independent variable. 
D)  dependent variable.

Question 14

In general, the abstract of a research report

Accepted Answer

A)  represents a relatively complete summary of the report. 
B)  adequately represents the research, except for the statistical tests. 
C)  is too brief to provide a complete understanding of the research. 
D)  is located at the end of the citation index. 
A)  represents a relatively complete summary of the report. 
B)  adequately represents the research, except for the statistical tests. 
C)  is too brief to provide a complete understanding of the research. 
D)  is located at the end of the citation index.

Question 15

After searching a computer database such as PsycINFO, the user will likely want to read which of the following parts of the research article?

Accepted Answer

A)  The abstract 
B)  The document code 
C)  The database field 
D)  The journal summary 
A)  The abstract 
B)  The document code 
C)  The database field 
D)  The journal summary

Question 16

Computer databases such as PsycINFO are searched using

Accepted Answer

A)  primary terms. 
B)  secondary terms. 
C)  keywords. 
D)  journal abstracts. 
A)  primary terms. 
B)  secondary terms. 
C)  keywords. 
D)  journal abstracts.

Question 17

A theory or research hypothesis is said to be falsifiable if the variables of interest can be adequately measured, and if the expected relationship between the variables can be shown through research to be

Accepted Answer

A)  correlated. 
B)  correct. 
C)  parsimonious. 
D)  incorrect. 
A)  correlated. 
B)  correct. 
C)  parsimonious. 
D)  incorrect.

Question 18

Good theories are

Accepted Answer

A)  general, falsifiable, and parsimonious. 
B)  general, tautological, and provable. 
C)  deductive, falsifiable, and tautological. 
D)  deductive, falsifiable, and provable. 
A)  general, falsifiable, and parsimonious. 
B)  general, tautological, and provable. 
C)  deductive, falsifiable, and tautological. 
D)  deductive, falsifiable, and provable.

Question 19

The Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  locate key terms used in PsycINFO. 
B)  search for recent articles that have cited older articles. 
C)  search for demographic information about authors. 
D)  compare the number of citations used in different research reports. 
A)  locate key terms used in PsycINFO. 
B)  search for recent articles that have cited older articles. 
C)  search for demographic information about authors. 
D)  compare the number of citations used in different research reports.

Question 20

A researcher might use previous research to develop an experiment that

Accepted Answer

A)  explained conflicting findings. 
B)  found limiting conditions. 
C)  added to existing research. 
D)  Any of the above may be used. 
A)  explained conflicting findings. 
B)  found limiting conditions. 
C)  added to existing research. 
D)  Any of the above may be used.

Which of the following is a set of principles that explains and predicts many, but not all, observed relationships within a given domain?

When coming up with a research idea, one should always

Choose the order that goes from most general to most specific.

In a correlational study of the influence of violent television programs on aggressive play behavior, the television violence is the _and the aggressive behavior is the _.

Which of the following is not a good way to get a research idea?

Most theories

A literature search will be most efficient if it

When conducting a literature search, it is usually best to

A general principle that holds in all situations is a , whereas a set of principles that explains many, but not all, behaviors is a .

A scientist is interested in testing whether SAT scores can predict a student's GPA. In this design, GPA is the _ and SAT score is the_.

In scientific research,

Louise has decided to conduct an experiment that is expected to show that an existing theory (the theory of cognitive dissonance) can explain why individuals who have cheated on an exam may later decide that it is OK to cheat. Her experiment is informed by

In a correlational research design, the term predictor variable is used to refer to the

In general, the abstract of a research report

After searching a computer database such as PsycINFO, the user will likely want to read which of the following parts of the research article?

Computer databases such as PsycINFO are searched using

A theory or research hypothesis is said to be falsifiable if the variables of interest can be adequately measured, and if the expected relationship between the variables can be shown through research to be

Good theories are

The Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) is used to

A researcher might use previous research to develop an experiment that

Introduction to Research

Ethics in Research

Measures

Reliability and Validity

Surveys and Sampling

Naturalistic Methods

Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

Correlational Research Designs

Experimental Research: One-Way Designs

Experimental Research: Factorial Designs

Experimental Control and Internal Validity

External Validity

Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Reporting Research Results

Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics

Bivariate Statistics

Multivariate Statistics

Filters

Exam 2: Developing the Research Hypothesis

Which of the following is a set of principles that explains and predicts many, but not all, observed relationships within a given domain?

When coming up with a research idea, one should always

Choose the order that goes from most general to most specific.

In a correlational study of the influence of violent television programs on aggressive play behavior, the television violence is the _______and the aggressive behavior is the _______.

Which of the following is not a good way to get a research idea?

Most theories

A literature search will be most efficient if it

When conducting a literature search, it is usually best to

A general principle that holds in all situations is a __________, whereas a set of principles that explains many, but not all, behaviors is a __________.

A scientist is interested in testing whether SAT scores can predict a student's GPA. In this design, GPA is the _____ and SAT score is the_____.

In scientific research,

Louise has decided to conduct an experiment that is expected to show that an existing theory (the theory of cognitive dissonance) can explain why individuals who have cheated on an exam may later decide that it is OK to cheat. Her experiment is informed by

In a correlational research design, the term predictor variable is used to refer to the

In general, the abstract of a research report

After searching a computer database such as PsycINFO, the user will likely want to read which of the following parts of the research article?

Computer databases such as PsycINFO are searched using

A theory or research hypothesis is said to be falsifiable if the variables of interest can be adequately measured, and if the expected relationship between the variables can be shown through research to be

Good theories are

The Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) is used to

A researcher might use previous research to develop an experiment that

Introduction to Research

Ethics in Research

Measures

Reliability and Validity

Surveys and Sampling

Naturalistic Methods

Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

Correlational Research Designs

Experimental Research: One-Way Designs

Experimental Research: Factorial Designs

Experimental Control and Internal Validity

External Validity

Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Reporting Research Results

Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics

Bivariate Statistics

Multivariate Statistics

Filters

In a correlational study of the influence of violent television programs on aggressive play behavior, the television violence is the _and the aggressive behavior is the _.

A general principle that holds in all situations is a , whereas a set of principles that explains many, but not all, behaviors is a .

A scientist is interested in testing whether SAT scores can predict a student's GPA. In this design, GPA is the _ and SAT score is the_.