Question 1

The stronger the relationship between two variables,

Accepted Answer

A)  the larger the effect size. 
B)  the larger the sample size. 
C)  the larger the alpha level. 
D)  the smaller the correlation coefficient . 
A)  the larger the effect size. 
B)  the larger the sample size. 
C)  the larger the alpha level. 
D)  the smaller the correlation coefficient . A

Question 2

Rob is studying the relationship between caffeine intake and aggression. He found that the amount of caffeine consumed is positively correlated with aggressive behavior. Which of the following p-values would support his research hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) p > .05. B) p = .06. C) p = .0089 D) p < -.05 A) p > .05. B) p = .06. C) p = .0089 D) p < -.05 C

Question 3

Which of the following is normally true in behavioral research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Making a Type 2 error is seen as more dangerous than making a Type 1 error. 
B)  Making a Type 1 error is seen as more dangerous than making a Type 2 error. 
C)  Making a Type 1 error and a Type 2 error are considered equally dangerous. 
D)  It is not possible to compare Type 1 and Type 2 errors. 
A)  Making a Type 2 error is seen as more dangerous than making a Type 1 error. 
B)  Making a Type 1 error is seen as more dangerous than making a Type 2 error. 
C)  Making a Type 1 error and a Type 2 error are considered equally dangerous. 
D)  It is not possible to compare Type 1 and Type 2 errors. B

Question 4

If the one-sided p-value is .02, then the two-sided p-value is

Accepted Answer

A)  .01. 
B)  .05. 
C)  .04. 
D)  .08. 
A)  .01. 
B)  .05. 
C)  .04. 
D)  .08.

Question 5

Which of the following is true regarding Type 2 errors?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are less likely to occur when alpha is smaller. 
B)  They increase as N increases. 
C)  They are generally of less concern to scientists than are Type 1 errors. 
D)  They can be modified to show statistical significance. 
A)  They are less likely to occur when alpha is smaller. 
B)  They increase as N increases. 
C)  They are generally of less concern to scientists than are Type 1 errors. 
D)  They can be modified to show statistical significance.

Question 6

If the results of an experiment are determined to be statistically significant, then the experimenter should do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reject the null hypothesis 
B)  Accept the null hypothesis 
C)  Reject the alternate hypothesis 
D)  Increase the alpha level 
A)  Reject the null hypothesis 
B)  Accept the null hypothesis 
C)  Reject the alternate hypothesis 
D)  Increase the alpha level

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  When the effect size is greater than zero, smaller Ns produce greater statistical significance. 
B)  When the effect size is zero, larger Ns produce greater statistical significance. 
C)  The p-value is not a good indicator of relationship size. 
D)  The effect size is influenced by sample size. 
A)  When the effect size is greater than zero, smaller Ns produce greater statistical significance. 
B)  When the effect size is zero, larger Ns produce greater statistical significance. 
C)  The p-value is not a good indicator of relationship size. 
D)  The effect size is influenced by sample size.

Question 8

A scientist has concluded that two variables are significantly correlated when in fact they are not. The scientist has

Accepted Answer

A)  made a Type 1 error. 
B)  miscalculated the p-value. 
C)  a small effect size. 
D)  low statistical power. 
A)  made a Type 1 error. 
B)  miscalculated the p-value. 
C)  a small effect size. 
D)  low statistical power.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT true about the effect size statistic?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an index of the strength of a relationship. 
B)  It is based on the sample size. 
C)  It provides information about relationships among variables that the p-value does not. 
D)  It can be used to help determine what sample size is needed for a research project. 
A)  It is an index of the strength of a relationship. 
B)  It is based on the sample size. 
C)  It provides information about relationships among variables that the p-value does not. 
D)  It can be used to help determine what sample size is needed for a research project.

Question 10

A Type 1 error occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  we reject the null hypothesis when it is false. 
B)  we retain the null hypothesis when it is false. 
C)  we reject the null hypothesis when it is true. 
D)  we retain the null hypothesis when it is true. 
A)  we reject the null hypothesis when it is false. 
B)  we retain the null hypothesis when it is false. 
C)  we reject the null hypothesis when it is true. 
D)  we retain the null hypothesis when it is true.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

A)  William uses a small sample of depressed people to predict mood changes in a large population of depressed people. 
B)  Charles interviews three schizophrenic patients. 
C)  Leslie notes the relationships between a psychology professor and the students in her class. 
D)  Janet gives participants a personality test both before and after they take a final exam. 
A)  William uses a small sample of depressed people to predict mood changes in a large population of depressed people. 
B)  Charles interviews three schizophrenic patients. 
C)  Leslie notes the relationships between a psychology professor and the students in her class. 
D)  Janet gives participants a personality test both before and after they take a final exam.

Question 12

A strength of the effect size measure is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  does not rely on experimental data. 
B)  is significant in most research. 
C)  demonstrates causation. 
D)  provides the strength of a relationship independent of the sample size. 
A)  does not rely on experimental data. 
B)  is significant in most research. 
C)  demonstrates causation. 
D)  provides the strength of a relationship independent of the sample size.

Question 13

A researcher wishes to avoid making a Type 1 error, so she sets alpha to .01 rather than .05. Which of the following is a disadvantage of this strategy?

Accepted Answer

A)  She may miss a relationship that is really there. 
B)  She may overestimate her effect size. 
C)  She may find too many statistically significant relationships. 
D)  She may underestimate her effect size. 
A)  She may miss a relationship that is really there. 
B)  She may overestimate her effect size. 
C)  She may find too many statistically significant relationships. 
D)  She may underestimate her effect size.

Question 14

A Type 1 error occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually false. 
B)  the null hypothesis is accepted when it is actually true. 
C)  the null hypothesis is accepted when it is actually false. 
D)  the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true. 
A)  the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually false. 
B)  the null hypothesis is accepted when it is actually true. 
C)  the null hypothesis is accepted when it is actually false. 
D)  the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true.

Question 15

If a researcher wanted to be certain to detect even a small relationship between variables, she would

Accepted Answer

A)  set alpha to be smaller. 
B)  set beta to be smaller. 
C)  set alpha to be larger. 
D)  set beta to be larger. 
A)  set alpha to be smaller. 
B)  set beta to be smaller. 
C)  set alpha to be larger. 
D)  set beta to be larger.

Question 16

Which of the following refers to a distribution of events that has two equally likely possibilities?

Accepted Answer

A)  The binomial distribution 
B)  The sampling distribution of the mean 
C)  The effect size statistic 
D)  The p-value 
A)  The binomial distribution 
B)  The sampling distribution of the mean 
C)  The effect size statistic 
D)  The p-value

Question 17

Which of the following could lead a scientist to fail to detect a relationship between variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  High statistical power 
B)  A small alpha 
C)  A small beta 
D)  A large effect size 
A)  High statistical power 
B)  A small alpha 
C)  A small beta 
D)  A large effect size

Question 18

As the sample size used in a research project increases,

Accepted Answer

A)  statistical significance also increases. 
B)  the effect size also increases. 
C)  Type I errors also increase. 
D)  statistical significance decreases. 
A)  statistical significance also increases. 
B)  the effect size also increases. 
C)  Type I errors also increase. 
D)  statistical significance decreases.

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly describes the relationship among statistical significance, effect size, and sample size?

Accepted Answer

A)  Statistical significance = effect size x sample size 
B)  Effect size = statistical significance x sample size 
C)  Statistical significance = effect size x p-value 
D)  Sample size = statistical significance x effect size 
A)  Statistical significance = effect size x sample size 
B)  Effect size = statistical significance x sample size 
C)  Statistical significance = effect size x p-value 
D)  Sample size = statistical significance x effect size

Question 20

Increasing the sample size (N) will increase the statistical significance of a relationship whenever the effect size is

Accepted Answer

A)  equal to N. 
B)  less than N. 
C)  less than zero. 
D)  greater than zero. 
A)  equal to N. 
B)  less than N. 
C)  less than zero. 
D)  greater than zero.

The stronger the relationship between two variables,

Rob is studying the relationship between caffeine intake and aggression. He found that the amount of caffeine consumed is positively correlated with aggressive behavior. Which of the following p-values would support his research hypothesis?

Which of the following is normally true in behavioral research?

If the one-sided p-value is .02, then the two-sided p-value is

Which of the following is true regarding Type 2 errors?

If the results of an experiment are determined to be statistically significant, then the experimenter should do which of the following?

Which of the following statements is true?

A scientist has concluded that two variables are significantly correlated when in fact they are not. The scientist has

Which of the following is NOT true about the effect size statistic?

A Type 1 error occurs when

Which of the following is an example of inferential statistics?

A strength of the effect size measure is that it

A researcher wishes to avoid making a Type 1 error, so she sets alpha to .01 rather than .05. Which of the following is a disadvantage of this strategy?

A Type 1 error occurs when

If a researcher wanted to be certain to detect even a small relationship between variables, she would

Which of the following refers to a distribution of events that has two equally likely possibilities?

Which of the following could lead a scientist to fail to detect a relationship between variables?

As the sample size used in a research project increases,

Which of the following equations correctly describes the relationship among statistical significance, effect size, and sample size?

Increasing the sample size (N) will increase the statistical significance of a relationship whenever the effect size is

Introduction to Research

Developing the Research Hypothesis

Ethics in Research

Measures

Reliability and Validity

Surveys and Sampling

Naturalistic Methods

Correlational Research Designs

Experimental Research: One-Way Designs

Experimental Research: Factorial Designs

Experimental Control and Internal Validity

External Validity

Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Reporting Research Results

Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics

Bivariate Statistics

Multivariate Statistics

Filters

Exam 8: Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

The stronger the relationship between two variables,

Rob is studying the relationship between caffeine intake and aggression. He found that the amount of caffeine consumed is positively correlated with aggressive behavior. Which of the following p-values would support his research hypothesis?

Which of the following is normally true in behavioral research?

If the one-sided p-value is .02, then the two-sided p-value is

Which of the following is true regarding Type 2 errors?

If the results of an experiment are determined to be statistically significant, then the experimenter should do which of the following?

Which of the following statements is true?

A scientist has concluded that two variables are significantly correlated when in fact they are not. The scientist has

Which of the following is NOT true about the effect size statistic?

A Type 1 error occurs when

Which of the following is an example of inferential statistics?

A strength of the effect size measure is that it

A researcher wishes to avoid making a Type 1 error, so she sets alpha to .01 rather than .05. Which of the following is a disadvantage of this strategy?

A Type 1 error occurs when

If a researcher wanted to be certain to detect even a small relationship between variables, she would

Which of the following refers to a distribution of events that has two equally likely possibilities?

Which of the following could lead a scientist to fail to detect a relationship between variables?

As the sample size used in a research project increases,

Which of the following equations correctly describes the relationship among statistical significance, effect size, and sample size?

Increasing the sample size (N) will increase the statistical significance of a relationship whenever the effect size is

Introduction to Research

Developing the Research Hypothesis

Ethics in Research

Measures

Reliability and Validity

Surveys and Sampling

Naturalistic Methods

Correlational Research Designs

Experimental Research: One-Way Designs

Experimental Research: Factorial Designs

Experimental Control and Internal Validity

External Validity

Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Reporting Research Results

Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics

Bivariate Statistics

Multivariate Statistics

Filters