Exam 7: Cognitive Development: Cognitive Processes

Imagine that you are a seventh-grade English teacher. Your class has been learning how to develop a five?paragraph essay. Last week your students wrote essays about littering in long hand. Today you want them to compose essays about raccoons using a word processing program in the computer lab. As you look around the room you see that several students are having difficulty doing this assignment. Use an information processing perspective to identify at least three possible sources of difficulty that the students may be having.

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Question 1

Correct Answer:

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The response should include three potential difficulties consistent with information processing theory. Following are examples of points that a response might include:
• Some students may be easily distracted by what other students in the room are doing; this may be especially True for students with learning disabilities or ADHD.
• The assignment may exceed students' working memory capacities. There is much to think about when writing an essay-not only effective ways of communicating one's ideas, but also appropriate spelling, punctuation, and grammar.
• Students may not have automatized keyboarding skills, putting a further strain on working memory.
• Students may not have sufficient information about raccoons in their long-term memories to write a good essay.
• Students may have insufficient self-regulation skills to allocate their time appropriately and keep themselves on task.

When 5-year-old Clinton looks at the road map his parents are using to plan a trip, he laughs and exclaims, "That's silly. Our car can't fit on roads that small!" Which one of the following best explains Clinton's statement?

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Question 2

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The father of 6-year-old Meghan is puzzled about why Meghan stubbornly insists that people in Australia need glue on their shoes to hold them to the earth. Which one of the following might best help this father understand Meghan's persistent misconception?

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Question 3

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Which one of the following children is most likely to be classified as having a learning disability?

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Question 4

Which one of the following statements does NOT accurately reflect research findings about cultural diversity in metacognition?

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Question 5

Other things being equal, which one of the following four boys is likely to learn and remember the most by reading a book about spiders?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 6

Which form of problem solving are you likely to see in a one-year-old?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 7

As three-month-old Isabella lies in a comfortable infant seat, a researcher shows her a variety of pictures on a video screen. If Isabella is typical of children her age, which one of the following pictures is apt to hold her attention the longest?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 8

Imagine you are a high school principal who wants students to develop effective study strategies before they graduate. Which one of the following approaches would be the best one to take?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 9

Research indicates that children's misconceptions about a topic are often quite resistant to change, yet sometimes misconceptions must change if children are to acquire an accurate understanding of the world around them. a. Describe three different reasons why children often acquire misconceptions about the world. b. Describe at least three teaching strategies that should help students change their misconceptions about the world. Developmental Trends Table The table below describes behaviors that youngsters at five different age levels exhibit. For each of these behaviors, the table identifies one or more relevant cognitive or metacognitive processes, offers an implication for working with children of that age group, or both. Apply what you've learned about children's cognitive processes to fill in the empty cells in the table. Identifying Children's Cognitive Processes

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Question 10

How do young children's estimates of their memory capacity relate to reality?

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Question 11

Which one of the following pairs of students best illustrates a difference in epistemic beliefs?

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Question 12

A third grade teacher gives examples of questions that will encourage his students to elaborate upon existing knowledge. Which of the following terms most closely describes what this teacher is doing?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 13

When 3-year-old Marcus first tries riding a tricycle, he pedals it slowly and awkwardly, and he has trouble steering it where he wants it to go. Over time he becomes increasingly proficient, and eventually he can ride a tricycle with little conscious effort. Marcus's progress illustrates the role of _______ in development.

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Question 14

Considering developmental trends in learning strategies, choose the statement that best characterizes how high school students are apt to approach school learning tasks.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 15

Three of the following teachers are using strategies that should promote self- regulated learning. Which teacher, while almost certainly helping students learn more effectively, is probably not promoting self-regulated learning?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 16

Which one of the following is not a recommended strategy to help those children who may have information processing difficulties?

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Question 17

As he talks, 6-year-old William uses his hands a lot, showing dimensions of certain objects, depicting particular movements, and so on. How should a teacher who is working with William respond to his gestures?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 18

A high school student who studies primarily by memorizing textbook definitions word for word is most likely to have which one of the following epistemic beliefs?

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Question 19

An information processing perspective of development portrays cognitive development as:

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Question 20

Showing 1 - 20 of 79

When 5-year-old Clinton looks at the road map his parents are using to plan a trip, he laughs and exclaims, "That's silly. Our car can't fit on roads that small!" Which one of the following best explains Clinton's statement?

The father of 6-year-old Meghan is puzzled about why Meghan stubbornly insists that people in Australia need glue on their shoes to hold them to the earth. Which one of the following might best help this father understand Meghan's persistent misconception?

Which one of the following children is most likely to be classified as having a learning disability?

Which one of the following statements does NOT accurately reflect research findings about cultural diversity in metacognition?

Other things being equal, which one of the following four boys is likely to learn and remember the most by reading a book about spiders?

Which form of problem solving are you likely to see in a one-year-old?

As three-month-old Isabella lies in a comfortable infant seat, a researcher shows her a variety of pictures on a video screen. If Isabella is typical of children her age, which one of the following pictures is apt to hold her attention the longest?

Imagine you are a high school principal who wants students to develop effective study strategies before they graduate. Which one of the following approaches would be the best one to take?

How do young children's estimates of their memory capacity relate to reality?

Which one of the following pairs of students best illustrates a difference in epistemic beliefs?

A third grade teacher gives examples of questions that will encourage his students to elaborate upon existing knowledge. Which of the following terms most closely describes what this teacher is doing?

Considering developmental trends in learning strategies, choose the statement that best characterizes how high school students are apt to approach school learning tasks.

Three of the following teachers are using strategies that should promote self- regulated learning. Which teacher, while almost certainly helping students learn more effectively, is probably not promoting self-regulated learning?

Which one of the following is not a recommended strategy to help those children who may have information processing difficulties?

As he talks, 6-year-old William uses his hands a lot, showing dimensions of certain objects, depicting particular movements, and so on. How should a teacher who is working with William respond to his gestures?

A high school student who studies primarily by memorizing textbook definitions word for word is most likely to have which one of the following epistemic beliefs?

An information processing perspective of development portrays cognitive development as:

Making a Difference in the Lives of Children and Adolescents

Using Research to Understand Children and Adolescents

Family, Culture, and Community

Biological Beginnings

Physical Development

Cognitive Development: Piaget and Vygotsky

Intelligence

Language Development

Development in the Academic Domains

Emotional Development

Development of Self and Social Understandings

Development of Motivation and Self-Regulation

Moral Development

Peers, Schools, and Society

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