Exam 7: Cognitive Development: Cognitive Processes

The textbook describes a number of trends in the development of information processing skills. Describe at least four ways in which twelfth graders are apt to differ from sixth graders in their information processing strategies and capabilities.

At what age does intersubjectivity become more complex and take the form of joint attention?

Epistemic beliefs can best be described as youngsters' views about:

Wendy sees a picture of a beach and then later tries to draw the picture from memory. She draws shells on the beach even though the beach in the picture had no shells. Using the concept of schema, how could we explain Wendy's error?

Maria is trying to remember all of the objects in her locker at school. "Let me think . . . pens, pencils, markers . . . um, math book, science book, notebooks . . . my coat, hat, and gloves . . . I can't remember any more." What learning strategy does Maria's response illustrate?

Four boys read this line from a story: "The two men entered the restaurant and ordered hamburgers." Which one of the boys is clearly using a script while reading the story?

Implications in Middle Childhood: When children have difficulty paying attention, minimize distractions and give them frequent opportunities to release pent-up energy. Use high-interest, hands-on activities to keep them mentally engaged in learning classroom subject matter.

Randy knows more as a tenth grader than he did as a first grader. One result of this increased knowledge base is that Randy:

It is difficult for children to think about too many things all at the same time-a fact that reflects:

Which one of the following statements best describes a nativist perspective of child development?

Tammy tells Mr. Brookes that she really wants to do well in his government class, but she doesn't seem to study the right things and so always get low scores on quizzes and tests. Before the next test, the two of them meet after school and create a list of questions she should try to answer as she reads and studies. This situation can best be described as:

Each of the teachers below has students with misconceptions about the material they are studying. Three of the teachers are using strategies that should help their students correct these misconceptions. Which teacher is not using a recommended strategy for changing misconceptions?

Three of the following should help youngsters acquire more effective learning and study strategies. Which one is least likely to do so?

Three of the following statements about epistemic beliefs are true. Which one is false?

When 3-year-old Julia comes home from her first day at preschool, her father asks her, "What's your teacher's name?" Julia answers by saying, "I forget." Yet when Dad drops Julia off at preschool the following morning, the teacher apologizes to both of them: "How silly of me! Yesterday when you came to school, Julia, I didn't tell you my name. It's Miss Martin." Obviously, of course, Julia couldn't "forget" something she never knew. How can we best explain her response to her father's question?

Which one of the following statements best describes children's acquisition of new learning and problem-solving strategies?

Developmental Concepts in Early Childhood: Like virtually all children her age, Andrea has already constructed a theory about her physical world. Because the teacher frequently uses a globe to show students different geographical locations, Andrea's theory includes the idea that the Earth is a sphere. In her theory, however, gravity does not pull objects toward the center of the Earth, but instead pulls them "downward" toward the South Pole or into the open space "beneath" it.

A staff member at a child care center says to you, "The children at our center range in age from 6 weeks old to 5 years old. I often wonder when their visual perception abilities become fully developed." You can most accurately respond by saying:

Which of the following is an implication for teachers who work with high school students to help them to develop their epistemic beliefs?

Which one of the following best describes the nature of conceptual change?