Exam 13: Development of Motivation and Self-Regulation

Sam is at the mall with his friends. The other boys are playing video games, but Sam is just watching. Although Sam knows that playing video games is fun, he wants to save up his money to buy a computer. It is clear, then, that Sam:

When Scott was first learning how to write, he wrote quickly and sloppily, without regard for how his papers looked. But his teachers praised him regularly for writing carefully and legibly, and eventually he began to pride himself on his neat and careful handwriting. This transition can best be described as:

When 12-year-old Jonathan goes out for the middle school cross-country team, he discovers that he's the slowest runner on the team. After three weeks of daily practice with the team, his speed and endurance improve little if at all. Given what we know about the development of value in children's motivation, we can reasonably guess that Jonathan will:

The four statements below all involve evaluating a student's essay. Which one is most likely to preserve the student's sense of self-determination?

If you wanted to encourage kindergartners to delay gratification, you would be most likely to:

Three of the following teaching strategies should help children become more self-regulating. Which one will not?

Which one of the following children definitely has a mastery goal rather than a performance goal?

Other things being equal, which one of the following goals is most likely to be effective in motivating a 10-year-old to study academic subject matter?

Below are four instances of negative feedback. Other things being equal, which statement is most likely to promote high self-efficacy?

Which one of the following teachers is most likely to promote intrinsic motivation in his or her students?

Which one of the following strategies is most likely to help children become more self-regulating?

Which one of the following children is most likely to be attributing something to an internal and uncontrollable factor?

Which one of the following descriptions best reflects how educators typically define students who are at risk of dropping out of school?

Three of the following students show warning signs of being at risk. Which student is least likely to be at risk?

Which one of the following children clearly has a performance goal rather than a mastery goal?

Eight-month-old Gabriel reaches for one of his mother's long, dangly earrings and gets quite upset when she won't let him grab it. Gabriel's behavior reflects which one of the following principles?

Which one of the following is a primary reinforcer?

Three of the following statements are consistent with the textbook's recommendations regarding the effective use of reinforcement to motivate children. Which statement does not reflect the textbook's recommendations?

Enrique is talking about his experiences in painting class. "At first I had a hard time keeping the paint from running a lot. But the other kids had trouble too, so I didn't feel too bad. Pretty soon I was making some of the best paintings in class. I am better than all of the other boys and most of the girls. The teacher says I am quite talented at painting." From his comments, it is clear that Enrique has a:

In previous years, 11-year-old Polly didn't do very well in school because of an undiagnosed hearing impairment that often made it difficult to understand what her teacher and classmates were saying in class. She now wears a hearing aid that enables her to hear human voices normally. Yet even when her sixth-grade teachers are certain she has the ability to complete an assigned classroom task, Polly is reluctant to do it, saying "I can't!" or simply procrastinating so much that it is impossible to complete the task in the allotted time. Simple efforts to motivate Polly, such as promising her free time to play her favorite video game on the class computer, rarely entice her into trying very hard. Which one of the following is the most likely explanation for Polly's apparent lack of motivation?