Question 1

Which of the following types of validity refers to the extent to which the measured variables actually measure the conceptual variables?

Accepted Answer

A) Statistical conclusion validity 
B) Internal validity 
C) Construct validity 
D) External validity 
A) Statistical conclusion validity 
B) Internal validity 
C) Construct validity 
D) External validity C

Question 2

Manipulation checks are particularly useful

Accepted Answer

A) when there is no significant relationship found between the independent and dependent variable. 
B) when there are many dependent measures. 
C) when there are many manipulations. 
D) when there is confounding in the experiment. 
A) when there is no significant relationship found between the independent and dependent variable. 
B) when there are many dependent measures. 
C) when there are many manipulations. 
D) when there is confounding in the experiment. A

Question 3

In a study manipulating levels of aggression, participants are asked to complete a Likert Scale indicating their current state of aggression.This measure is given after the dependent measure has been assessed.This measure will likely serve as a

Accepted Answer

A) manipulation check. 
B) suspicion check. 
C) confounding variable. 
D) extraneous variable. 
A) manipulation check. 
B) suspicion check. 
C) confounding variable. 
D) extraneous variable. A

Question 4

Extraneous variables

Accepted Answer

A) reduce power and increase the likelihood of a Type 2 error. 
B) increase power and reduce the likelihood of a Type 2 error. 
C) reduce power and reduce the likelihood of a Type 2 error. 
D) increase power and increase the likelihood of a Type 2 error. 
A) reduce power and increase the likelihood of a Type 2 error. 
B) increase power and reduce the likelihood of a Type 2 error. 
C) reduce power and reduce the likelihood of a Type 2 error. 
D) increase power and increase the likelihood of a Type 2 error.

Question 5

Which of the following is an advantage of before-after designs?

Accepted Answer

A) Participants experience less fatigue. 
B) Participants are less likely to guess the research hypothesis. 
C) Random error is reduced. 
D) Statistical power is decreased. 
A) Participants experience less fatigue. 
B) Participants are less likely to guess the research hypothesis. 
C) Random error is reduced. 
D) Statistical power is decreased.

Question 6

An artifact refers to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) An initial measurement of the dependent variable in a before-after design 
B) A measure used to determine whether the manipulation has caused a different confounding variable 
C) An aspect of the research methodology that may produce confounding 
D) An analysis in which the manipulation check is correlated with the dependent measure 
A) An initial measurement of the dependent variable in a before-after design 
B) A measure used to determine whether the manipulation has caused a different confounding variable 
C) An aspect of the research methodology that may produce confounding 
D) An analysis in which the manipulation check is correlated with the dependent measure

Question 7

Manipulation checks are

Accepted Answer

A) used to determine if the manipulation has caused differences on extraneous or confounding variables. 
B) useful for interpreting the results when there is no significant relationship found between the independent and dependent variables. 
C) false statements about what is being studied. 
D) best presented before the dependent measure is assessed. 
A) used to determine if the manipulation has caused differences on extraneous or confounding variables. 
B) useful for interpreting the results when there is no significant relationship found between the independent and dependent variables. 
C) false statements about what is being studied. 
D) best presented before the dependent measure is assessed.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes confound checks?

Accepted Answer

A) They are given before any of the dependent variables have been collected. 
B) They help determine whether the manipulation has unwittingly caused differences on other variables that we did not desire to manipulate. 
C) They are not usually given to all participants in all conditions. 
D) They are expected to influence responses on the dependent measure. 
A) They are given before any of the dependent variables have been collected. 
B) They help determine whether the manipulation has unwittingly caused differences on other variables that we did not desire to manipulate. 
C) They are not usually given to all participants in all conditions. 
D) They are expected to influence responses on the dependent measure.

Question 9

The possibility that a confounding variable, rather than the independent variable of interest, caused changes on the dependent measure represents

Accepted Answer

A) an alternative explanation. 
B) an artifact. 
C) a placebo effect. 
D) a demand characteristic. 
A) an alternative explanation. 
B) an artifact. 
C) a placebo effect. 
D) a demand characteristic.

Question 10

Which of the following refers to a false or misleading statement given by the experimenter about what is being studied that is used to reduce the possibility of demand characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A) Cover story 
B) Confound check 
C) Alternative explanation 
D) Experimental script 
A) Cover story 
B) Confound check 
C) Alternative explanation 
D) Experimental script

Question 11

The absence of confounding variables assures

Accepted Answer

A) external validity. 
B) experimental realism. 
C) internal validity. 
D) alternative explanations. 
A) external validity. 
B) experimental realism. 
C) internal validity. 
D) alternative explanations.

Question 12

Experimental realism is the extent to which

Accepted Answer

A) the experiment looks like it could actually work. 
B) the experimental manipulation involves the participants in the research. 
C) the researcher really acts like he or she cares about the participants during the experiment. 
D) the researcher can give a good cover story in an experiment. 
A) the experiment looks like it could actually work. 
B) the experimental manipulation involves the participants in the research. 
C) the researcher really acts like he or she cares about the participants during the experiment. 
D) the researcher can give a good cover story in an experiment.

Question 13

Which of the following sets of the sequential assignment of participants to four conditions represents the use of blocked random assignment to conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) 1,2,4,4,1,3,3,4 
B) 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4 
C) 1,3,2,4,4,2,1,3 
D) 1,2,1,3,4,4,2,3 
A) 1,2,4,4,1,3,3,4 
B) 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4 
C) 1,3,2,4,4,2,1,3 
D) 1,2,1,3,4,4,2,3

Question 14

A potential problem with random assignment to conditions is that

Accepted Answer

A) subjects can predict what group they will be placed in. 
B) experimental bias may be increased. 
C) statistical significance is more difficult to assess. 
D) unless blocked random assignment is used, confounding can still occur. 
A) subjects can predict what group they will be placed in. 
B) experimental bias may be increased. 
C) statistical significance is more difficult to assess. 
D) unless blocked random assignment is used, confounding can still occur.

Question 15

Which of the following types of validity is threatened when self presentation occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) Construct validity 
B) Statistical conclusion validity 
C) Internal validity 
D) External validity 
A) Construct validity 
B) Statistical conclusion validity 
C) Internal validity 
D) External validity

Question 16

The possibility of making a Type 2 error in an experiment would most likely be reduced by using which of the following procedures?

Accepted Answer

A) Drawing a more representative sample 
B) Using a manipulation check 
C) Manipulating the independent variable 
D) Standardizing conditions 
A) Drawing a more representative sample 
B) Using a manipulation check 
C) Manipulating the independent variable 
D) Standardizing conditions

Question 17

A researcher found that conclusions regarding his research were incorrect because a Type 1 error had been made.His error represents a type of

Accepted Answer

A) internal invalidity. 
B) criterion invalidity. 
C) statistical conclusion invalidity. 
D) external invalidity. 
A) internal invalidity. 
B) criterion invalidity. 
C) statistical conclusion invalidity. 
D) external invalidity.

Question 18

Which of the types of validity is threatened when a researcher commits a Type 1 or Type 2 error?

Accepted Answer

A) Construct validity 
B) Statistical conclusion validity 
C) Internal validity 
D) External validity 
A) Construct validity 
B) Statistical conclusion validity 
C) Internal validity 
D) External validity

Question 19

Before administering a manipulation designed to improve the mood of research participants, each participant completes a mood questionnaire.After the mood change is created, the participants then complete another mood questionnaire.The original questionnaire is used as a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

A) baseline measure 
B) manipulation check 
C) control variable 
D) alternate explanation 
A) baseline measure 
B) manipulation check 
C) control variable 
D) alternate explanation

Question 20

Incorrect conclusions about research that occur because a Type 1 or Type 2 error has been made lead to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) External invalidity 
B) Statistical conclusion invalidity 
C) Confounding 
D) Internal invalidity 
A) External invalidity 
B) Statistical conclusion invalidity 
C) Confounding 
D) Internal invalidity

Which of the following types of validity refers to the extent to which the measured variables actually measure the conceptual variables?

Manipulation checks are particularly useful

In a study manipulating levels of aggression, participants are asked to complete a Likert Scale indicating their current state of aggression.This measure is given after the dependent measure has been assessed.This measure will likely serve as a

Extraneous variables

Which of the following is an advantage of before-after designs?

An artifact refers to which of the following?

Manipulation checks are

Which of the following best describes confound checks?

The possibility that a confounding variable, rather than the independent variable of interest, caused changes on the dependent measure represents

Which of the following refers to a false or misleading statement given by the experimenter about what is being studied that is used to reduce the possibility of demand characteristics?

The absence of confounding variables assures

Experimental realism is the extent to which

Which of the following sets of the sequential assignment of participants to four conditions represents the use of blocked random assignment to conditions?

A potential problem with random assignment to conditions is that

Which of the following types of validity is threatened when self presentation occurs?

The possibility of making a Type 2 error in an experiment would most likely be reduced by using which of the following procedures?

A researcher found that conclusions regarding his research were incorrect because a Type 1 error had been made.His error represents a type of

Which of the types of validity is threatened when a researcher commits a Type 1 or Type 2 error?

Before administering a manipulation designed to improve the mood of research participants, each participant completes a mood questionnaire.After the mood change is created, the participants then complete another mood questionnaire.The original questionnaire is used as a(n) __________.

Incorrect conclusions about research that occur because a Type 1 or Type 2 error has been made lead to which of the following?

Introduction to Research and Research Designs

The Research Hypothesis

Ethics in Research

Measures

Reliability and Validity

Surveys and Sampling

Naturalistic Methods

Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

Correlational Research Designs

Experimental Research: One-Way Designs

Experimental Research: Factorial Designs

External Validity

Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Reporting Research Results

Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics

Bivariate Statistics

Multivariate Statistics

Filters

Exam 12: Experimental Control and Internal Validity

Which of the following types of validity refers to the extent to which the measured variables actually measure the conceptual variables?

Manipulation checks are particularly useful

In a study manipulating levels of aggression, participants are asked to complete a Likert Scale indicating their current state of aggression.This measure is given after the dependent measure has been assessed.This measure will likely serve as a

Extraneous variables

Which of the following is an advantage of before-after designs?

An artifact refers to which of the following?

Manipulation checks are

Which of the following best describes confound checks?

The possibility that a confounding variable, rather than the independent variable of interest, caused changes on the dependent measure represents

Which of the following refers to a false or misleading statement given by the experimenter about what is being studied that is used to reduce the possibility of demand characteristics?

The absence of confounding variables assures

Experimental realism is the extent to which

Which of the following sets of the sequential assignment of participants to four conditions represents the use of blocked random assignment to conditions?

A potential problem with random assignment to conditions is that

Which of the following types of validity is threatened when self presentation occurs?

The possibility of making a Type 2 error in an experiment would most likely be reduced by using which of the following procedures?

A researcher found that conclusions regarding his research were incorrect because a Type 1 error had been made.His error represents a type of

Which of the types of validity is threatened when a researcher commits a Type 1 or Type 2 error?

Before administering a manipulation designed to improve the mood of research participants, each participant completes a mood questionnaire.After the mood change is created, the participants then complete another mood questionnaire.The original questionnaire is used as a(n) __________.

Incorrect conclusions about research that occur because a Type 1 or Type 2 error has been made lead to which of the following?

Introduction to Research and Research Designs

The Research Hypothesis

Ethics in Research

Measures

Reliability and Validity

Surveys and Sampling

Naturalistic Methods

Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

Correlational Research Designs

Experimental Research: One-Way Designs

Experimental Research: Factorial Designs

External Validity

Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Reporting Research Results

Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics

Bivariate Statistics

Multivariate Statistics

Filters