Question 1

Results are said to be statistically significant if

Accepted Answer

A) p  alpha. 
C) beta = alpha. 
D) beta < alpha. 
A) p  alpha. 
C) beta = alpha. 
D) beta < alpha. A

Question 2

What is the advantage of using two-sided (as opposed to one-sided) p-values?

Accepted Answer

A) They are more likely to produce significant results. 
B) They have greater statistical power. 
C) They are less common in research. 
D) They allow the researcher to interpret unexpected but significant relationships. 
A) They are more likely to produce significant results. 
B) They have greater statistical power. 
C) They are less common in research. 
D) They allow the researcher to interpret unexpected but significant relationships. D

Question 3

One way to alleviate the difficulty of missing weak relationships is to

Accepted Answer

A) increase beta. 
B) decrease statistical power. 
C) increase the sample size. 
D) decrease alpha. 
A) increase beta. 
B) decrease statistical power. 
C) increase the sample size. 
D) decrease alpha. C

Question 4

Margie sets alpha to .05 whereas Charles sets alpha to .10.Which of the following is more likely to occur to Margie than to Charles?

Accepted Answer

A) She may miss a relationship that is really there. 
B) She may overestimate her effect size. 
C) She may find too many statistically significant relationships. 
D) She may underestimate her effect size. 
A) She may miss a relationship that is really there. 
B) She may overestimate her effect size. 
C) She may find too many statistically significant relationships. 
D) She may underestimate her effect size.

Question 5

Normally, in behavioral research

Accepted Answer

A) alpha is smaller than beta. 
B) beta is smaller than alpha. 
C) beta and alpha are equal. 
D) alpha and beta are both set at .05. 
A) alpha is smaller than beta. 
B) beta is smaller than alpha. 
C) beta and alpha are equal. 
D) alpha and beta are both set at .05.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

A) William uses a small sample of depressed people to predict mood changes in a large population of depressed people. 
B) Charles interviews three schizophrenic patients. 
C) Leslie notes the relationships between a psychology professor and the students in her class. 
D) Janet gives participants a personality test both before and after they take a final exam. 
A) William uses a small sample of depressed people to predict mood changes in a large population of depressed people. 
B) Charles interviews three schizophrenic patients. 
C) Leslie notes the relationships between a psychology professor and the students in her class. 
D) Janet gives participants a personality test both before and after they take a final exam.

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding Type 2 errors?

Accepted Answer

A) They are less likely to occur when alpha is smaller. 
B) They increase as N increases. 
C) They are generally of less concern to scientists than are Type 1 errors. 
D) They can be modified to show statistical significance. 
A) They are less likely to occur when alpha is smaller. 
B) They increase as N increases. 
C) They are generally of less concern to scientists than are Type 1 errors. 
D) They can be modified to show statistical significance.

Question 8

A Type 1 error occurs when

Accepted Answer

A) the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually false. 
B) the null hypothesis is accepted when it is actually true. 
C) the null hypothesis is accepted when it is actually false. 
D) the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true. 
A) the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually false. 
B) the null hypothesis is accepted when it is actually true. 
C) the null hypothesis is accepted when it is actually false. 
D) the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypothesis testing involves comparing the observed data to what would have been expected if the research hypothesis were true. 
B) Hypothesis testing involves comparing the observed data to what would have been expected if the null hypothesis were true. 
C) Hypothesis testing involves comparing the observed data to what would have been expected if the p-value were less than alpha. 
D) Hypothesis testing involves comparing the observed data to what would have been expected if the p-value were equal to .05. 
A) Hypothesis testing involves comparing the observed data to what would have been expected if the research hypothesis were true. 
B) Hypothesis testing involves comparing the observed data to what would have been expected if the null hypothesis were true. 
C) Hypothesis testing involves comparing the observed data to what would have been expected if the p-value were less than alpha. 
D) Hypothesis testing involves comparing the observed data to what would have been expected if the p-value were equal to .05.

Question 10

Which of the following could lead a scientist to fail to detect a relationship between variables?

Accepted Answer

A) High statistical power 
B) A small alpha 
C) A small beta 
D) A large effect size 
A) High statistical power 
B) A small alpha 
C) A small beta 
D) A large effect size

Question 11

Rob is studying the relationship between caffeine intake and aggression.He found that the amount of caffeine consumed is positively correlated with aggressive behavior.Which of the following p-values would support his research hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) p > .05. B) p = .06. C) p = .0089 D) p < -.05 A) p > .05. B) p = .06. C) p = .0089 D) p < -.05

Question 12

Alpha serves as

Accepted Answer

A) a standard against which the p-value is compared. 
B) a measure of statistical significance. 
C) an estimate of the effect size. 
D) an inferential statistic. 
A) a standard against which the p-value is compared. 
B) a measure of statistical significance. 
C) an estimate of the effect size. 
D) an inferential statistic.

Question 13

If a researcher wanted to be certain to detect even a small relationship between variables, she would

Accepted Answer

A) set alpha to be smaller. 
B) set beta to be smaller. 
C) set alpha to be larger. 
D) set beta to be larger. 
A) set alpha to be smaller. 
B) set beta to be smaller. 
C) set alpha to be larger. 
D) set beta to be larger.

Question 14

Which of the following is normally true in behavioral research?

Accepted Answer

A) Making a Type 2 error is seen as more dangerous than making a Type 1 error. 
B) Making a Type 1 error is seen as more dangerous than making a Type 2 error. 
C) Making a Type 1 error and a Type 2 error are considered equally dangerous. 
D) It is not possible to compare Type 1 and Type 2 errors. 
A) Making a Type 2 error is seen as more dangerous than making a Type 1 error. 
B) Making a Type 1 error is seen as more dangerous than making a Type 2 error. 
C) Making a Type 1 error and a Type 2 error are considered equally dangerous. 
D) It is not possible to compare Type 1 and Type 2 errors.

Question 15

In a correlational design, the assumed null hypothesis is

Accepted Answer

A) r = 1.00. 
B) r  0 or r < 0. 
D) r = 0. 
A) r = 1.00. 
B) r  0 or r < 0. 
D) r = 0.

Question 16

A scientist has concluded that two variables are significantly correlated when in fact they are not.The scientist has

Accepted Answer

A) made a Type 1 error. 
B) miscalculated the p-value. 
C) a small effect size. 
D) low statistical power. 
A) made a Type 1 error. 
B) miscalculated the p-value. 
C) a small effect size. 
D) low statistical power.

Question 17

Which of the following represents the value of power?

Accepted Answer

A) 1-  
B) 1- 
C) 1-  
D) 1- N 
A) 1-  
B) 1- 
C) 1-  
D) 1- N

Question 18

A Type 2 error occurs when

Accepted Answer

A) a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when it is false. 
B) a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when it is true. 
C) a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it is false. 
D) a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it is true. 
A) a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when it is false. 
B) a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when it is true. 
C) a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it is false. 
D) a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it is true.

Question 19

A strength of the effect size measure is that it

Accepted Answer

A) does not rely on experimental data. 
B) is significant in most research. 
C) demonstrates causation. 
D) provides the strength of a relationship independent of the sample size. 
A) does not rely on experimental data. 
B) is significant in most research. 
C) demonstrates causation. 
D) provides the strength of a relationship independent of the sample size.

Question 20

Alpha refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the probability of making a Type 1 error. 
B) the probability of making a Type 2 error. 
C) the p-value. 
D) 1 minus the power of the statistical test. 
A) the probability of making a Type 1 error. 
B) the probability of making a Type 2 error. 
C) the p-value. 
D) 1 minus the power of the statistical test.

Results are said to be statistically significant if

What is the advantage of using two-sided (as opposed to one-sided) p-values?

One way to alleviate the difficulty of missing weak relationships is to

Margie sets alpha to .05 whereas Charles sets alpha to .10.Which of the following is more likely to occur to Margie than to Charles?

Normally, in behavioral research

Which of the following is an example of inferential statistics?

Which of the following is true regarding Type 2 errors?

A Type 1 error occurs when

Which of the following is true about hypothesis testing?

Which of the following could lead a scientist to fail to detect a relationship between variables?

Rob is studying the relationship between caffeine intake and aggression.He found that the amount of caffeine consumed is positively correlated with aggressive behavior.Which of the following p-values would support his research hypothesis?

Alpha serves as

If a researcher wanted to be certain to detect even a small relationship between variables, she would

Which of the following is normally true in behavioral research?

In a correlational design, the assumed null hypothesis is

A scientist has concluded that two variables are significantly correlated when in fact they are not.The scientist has

Which of the following represents the value of power?

A Type 2 error occurs when

A strength of the effect size measure is that it

Alpha refers to

Introduction to Research and Research Designs

The Research Hypothesis

Ethics in Research

Measures

Reliability and Validity

Surveys and Sampling

Naturalistic Methods

Correlational Research Designs

Experimental Research: One-Way Designs

Experimental Research: Factorial Designs

Experimental Control and Internal Validity

External Validity

Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Reporting Research Results

Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics

Bivariate Statistics

Multivariate Statistics

Filters

Exam 8: Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

Results are said to be statistically significant if

What is the advantage of using two-sided (as opposed to one-sided) p-values?

One way to alleviate the difficulty of missing weak relationships is to

Margie sets alpha to .05 whereas Charles sets alpha to .10.Which of the following is more likely to occur to Margie than to Charles?

Normally, in behavioral research

Which of the following is an example of inferential statistics?

Which of the following is true regarding Type 2 errors?

A Type 1 error occurs when

Which of the following is true about hypothesis testing?

Which of the following could lead a scientist to fail to detect a relationship between variables?

Rob is studying the relationship between caffeine intake and aggression.He found that the amount of caffeine consumed is positively correlated with aggressive behavior.Which of the following p-values would support his research hypothesis?

Alpha serves as

If a researcher wanted to be certain to detect even a small relationship between variables, she would

Which of the following is normally true in behavioral research?

In a correlational design, the assumed null hypothesis is

A scientist has concluded that two variables are significantly correlated when in fact they are not.The scientist has

Which of the following represents the value of power?

A Type 2 error occurs when

A strength of the effect size measure is that it

Alpha refers to

Introduction to Research and Research Designs

The Research Hypothesis

Ethics in Research

Measures

Reliability and Validity

Surveys and Sampling

Naturalistic Methods

Correlational Research Designs

Experimental Research: One-Way Designs

Experimental Research: Factorial Designs

Experimental Control and Internal Validity

External Validity

Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Reporting Research Results

Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics

Bivariate Statistics

Multivariate Statistics

Filters