Question 1

The technique of predicting a single outcome variable using a number of predictor variables is known as

Accepted Answer

A) meta-analysis. 
B) causal modeling. 
C) multiple regression. 
D) inverse correlation. 
A) meta-analysis. 
B) causal modeling. 
C) multiple regression. 
D) inverse correlation. C

Question 2

In a correlational research design, a spurious relationship is caused by

Accepted Answer

A) an extraneous variable. 
B) a common-causal variable. 
C) an intervening variable. 
D) a mediating variable. 
A) an extraneous variable. 
B) a common-causal variable. 
C) an intervening variable. 
D) a mediating variable. B

Question 3

A researcher finds that the number of times people carry an umbrella in a month is related to how fast the grass is growing This relationship is most likely to be

Accepted Answer

A) causal. 
B) produced by an extraneous variable. 
C) spurious. 
D) produced by reciprocal causation. 
A) causal. 
B) produced by an extraneous variable. 
C) spurious. 
D) produced by reciprocal causation. C

Question 4

R2 is to the multiple correlation coefficient as the coefficient of determination is to

Accepted Answer

A) the Pearson correlation coefficient. 
B) the regression coefficient. 
C) the multiple R. 
D) the regression line. 
A) the Pearson correlation coefficient. 
B) the regression coefficient. 
C) the multiple R. 
D) the regression line.

Question 5

Whereas a correlation matrix contains a series of Pearson correlation coefficients, a contingency table contains

Accepted Answer

A) validities. 
B) frequencies. 
C) regression lines. 
D) samples. 
A) validities. 
B) frequencies. 
C) regression lines. 
D) samples.

Question 6

Which of the following variables causes only the outcome variable, but not the predictor variable?

Accepted Answer

A) A common-causal variable 
B) An extraneous variable 
C) A mediating variable 
D) A third variable 
A) A common-causal variable 
B) An extraneous variable 
C) A mediating variable 
D) A third variable

Question 7

Which of the following is a table showing the correlations of many variables with each other?

Accepted Answer

A) A correlation matrix 
B) A path analysis 
C) A multiple regression analysis 
D) A multiple scatterplot 
A) A correlation matrix 
B) A path analysis 
C) A multiple regression analysis 
D) A multiple scatterplot

Question 8

Which of the following statistics are used to show the relationships between variables in a path analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) Regression coefficients 
B) Pearson correlation coefficients 
C) Multiple correlation coefficients 
D) Chi-square statistics 
A) Regression coefficients 
B) Pearson correlation coefficients 
C) Multiple correlation coefficients 
D) Chi-square statistics

Question 9

Reciprocal causation occurs when

Accepted Answer

A) the causal relationship is exactly the opposite of what was hypothesized. 
B) a third variable caused by the predictor variable causes the outcome variable. 
C) the predictor variable causes the outcome variable and vice versa. 
D) extraneous variables affect the relationship. 
A) the causal relationship is exactly the opposite of what was hypothesized. 
B) a third variable caused by the predictor variable causes the outcome variable. 
C) the predictor variable causes the outcome variable and vice versa. 
D) extraneous variables affect the relationship.

Question 10

Which of the following provides a visual image of the relationship between two quantitative variables?

Accepted Answer

A) A scatterplot 
B) A correlation matrix 
C) A contingency table 
D) A schematic diagram 
A) A scatterplot 
B) A correlation matrix 
C) A contingency table 
D) A schematic diagram

Question 11

In general, ______________ are more problematic than ________________ because they can produce spurious relationships.

Accepted Answer

A) extraneous variables; mediating variables 
B) reciprocal variables; mediating variables 
C) common-causal variables; extraneous variables 
D) extraneous variables; common-causal variables 
A) extraneous variables; mediating variables 
B) reciprocal variables; mediating variables 
C) common-causal variables; extraneous variables 
D) extraneous variables; common-causal variables

Question 12

A researcher found a positive correlation between income and job satisfaction in a sample of one hundred adults.The researcher should conclude

Accepted Answer

A) higher income causes job satisfaction. 
B) job satisfaction causes higher income. 
C) there is a third variable that causes both job satisfaction and income. 
D) that any of the above may be correct, but he cannot tell which. 
A) higher income causes job satisfaction. 
B) job satisfaction causes higher income. 
C) there is a third variable that causes both job satisfaction and income. 
D) that any of the above may be correct, but he cannot tell which.

Question 13

If the correlation between variables x and y is r = .50, then the coefficient of determination is

Accepted Answer

A) .25. 
B) 0. 
C) 1.00. 
D) .50. 
A) .25. 
B) 0. 
C) 1.00. 
D) .50.

Question 14

In a multiple regression analysis, the statistics that indicate the relationship between each of the predictor variables and the outcome variable are known as

Accepted Answer

A) Pearson correlations. 
B) Chi squares. 
C) coefficients of determination. 
D) regression coefficients. 
A) Pearson correlations. 
B) Chi squares. 
C) coefficients of determination. 
D) regression coefficients.

Question 15

Jarrod hypothesizes that getting plenty of sleep leads to lower blood pressure, and that lower blood pressure reduces stress.In this hypothesis, which of the following is the mediating variable?

Accepted Answer

A) Stress 
B) Sleep 
C) Blood pressure 
D) The hypothesis does not have a mediating variable 
A) Stress 
B) Sleep 
C) Blood pressure 
D) The hypothesis does not have a mediating variable

Question 16

Which of the following is a likely result of restriction of range?

Accepted Answer

A) The size of the correlation coefficient is reduced. 
B) The causality between the predictor and outcome variable is reversed. 
C) The size of the correlation coefficient is increased. 
D) The direction of the correlation will be reversed. 
A) The size of the correlation coefficient is reduced. 
B) The causality between the predictor and outcome variable is reversed. 
C) The size of the correlation coefficient is increased. 
D) The direction of the correlation will be reversed.

Question 17

Which of the following analyses might be used to study the relationships in a longitudinal research design?

Accepted Answer

A) A panel analysis 
B) A path analysis 
C) A correlation matrix 
D) A contingency table 
A) A panel analysis 
B) A path analysis 
C) A correlation matrix 
D) A contingency table

Question 18

In a multiple regression analysis, which of the following are most similar to correlation coefficients?

Accepted Answer

A) The predictor variables 
B) The outcome variables 
C) The regression coefficients 
D) The p-values 
A) The predictor variables 
B) The outcome variables 
C) The regression coefficients 
D) The p-values

Question 19

Which of the following represents the best interpretation of the beta weights in multiple regression?

Accepted Answer

A) The beta weights predict the value of each predictor variable. 
B) The beta weights control for the effects of the other predictor variables. 
C) The beta weights are equal to the correlation coefficients. 
D) The beta weights do not need to be compared to a p-value. 
A) The beta weights predict the value of each predictor variable. 
B) The beta weights control for the effects of the other predictor variables. 
C) The beta weights are equal to the correlation coefficients. 
D) The beta weights do not need to be compared to a p-value.

Question 20

The Pearson product moment correlation coefficient is used to assess the association between

Accepted Answer

A) two quantitative variables. 
B) two nominal variables. 
C) one quantitative and one nominal variable. 
D) two nominal variables and one quantitative variable. 
A) two quantitative variables. 
B) two nominal variables. 
C) one quantitative and one nominal variable. 
D) two nominal variables and one quantitative variable.

The technique of predicting a single outcome variable using a number of predictor variables is known as

In a correlational research design, a spurious relationship is caused by

A researcher finds that the number of times people carry an umbrella in a month is related to how fast the grass is growing This relationship is most likely to be

R2 is to the multiple correlation coefficient as the coefficient of determination is to

Whereas a correlation matrix contains a series of Pearson correlation coefficients, a contingency table contains

Which of the following variables causes only the outcome variable, but not the predictor variable?

Which of the following is a table showing the correlations of many variables with each other?

Which of the following statistics are used to show the relationships between variables in a path analysis?

Reciprocal causation occurs when

Which of the following provides a visual image of the relationship between two quantitative variables?

In general, are more problematic than __ because they can produce spurious relationships.

A researcher found a positive correlation between income and job satisfaction in a sample of one hundred adults.The researcher should conclude

If the correlation between variables x and y is r = .50, then the coefficient of determination is

In a multiple regression analysis, the statistics that indicate the relationship between each of the predictor variables and the outcome variable are known as

Jarrod hypothesizes that getting plenty of sleep leads to lower blood pressure, and that lower blood pressure reduces stress.In this hypothesis, which of the following is the mediating variable?

Which of the following is a likely result of restriction of range?

Which of the following analyses might be used to study the relationships in a longitudinal research design?

In a multiple regression analysis, which of the following are most similar to correlation coefficients?

Which of the following represents the best interpretation of the beta weights in multiple regression?

The Pearson product moment correlation coefficient is used to assess the association between

Introduction to Research and Research Designs

The Research Hypothesis

Ethics in Research

Measures

Reliability and Validity

Surveys and Sampling

Naturalistic Methods

Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

Experimental Research: One-Way Designs

Experimental Research: Factorial Designs

Experimental Control and Internal Validity

External Validity

Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Reporting Research Results

Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics

Bivariate Statistics

Multivariate Statistics

Filters

Exam 9: Correlational Research Designs

The technique of predicting a single outcome variable using a number of predictor variables is known as

In a correlational research design, a spurious relationship is caused by

A researcher finds that the number of times people carry an umbrella in a month is related to how fast the grass is growing This relationship is most likely to be

R2 is to the multiple correlation coefficient as the coefficient of determination is to

Whereas a correlation matrix contains a series of Pearson correlation coefficients, a contingency table contains

Which of the following variables causes only the outcome variable, but not the predictor variable?

Which of the following is a table showing the correlations of many variables with each other?

Which of the following statistics are used to show the relationships between variables in a path analysis?

Reciprocal causation occurs when

Which of the following provides a visual image of the relationship between two quantitative variables?

In general, ______________ are more problematic than ________________ because they can produce spurious relationships.

A researcher found a positive correlation between income and job satisfaction in a sample of one hundred adults.The researcher should conclude

If the correlation between variables x and y is r = .50, then the coefficient of determination is

In a multiple regression analysis, the statistics that indicate the relationship between each of the predictor variables and the outcome variable are known as

Jarrod hypothesizes that getting plenty of sleep leads to lower blood pressure, and that lower blood pressure reduces stress.In this hypothesis, which of the following is the mediating variable?

Which of the following is a likely result of restriction of range?

Which of the following analyses might be used to study the relationships in a longitudinal research design?

In a multiple regression analysis, which of the following are most similar to correlation coefficients?

Which of the following represents the best interpretation of the beta weights in multiple regression?

The Pearson product moment correlation coefficient is used to assess the association between

Introduction to Research and Research Designs

The Research Hypothesis

Ethics in Research

Measures

Reliability and Validity

Surveys and Sampling

Naturalistic Methods

Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

Experimental Research: One-Way Designs

Experimental Research: Factorial Designs

Experimental Control and Internal Validity

External Validity

Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Reporting Research Results

Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics

Bivariate Statistics

Multivariate Statistics

Filters

In general, are more problematic than __ because they can produce spurious relationships.