Question 1

Bile is most important for the digestion and absorption of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates 
B)  proteins 
C)  fats 
D)  vitamins 
A)  carbohydrates 
B)  proteins 
C)  fats 
D)  vitamins

Question 2

Choose the phrase that best describes the function of the crypt of Lieberkühn.

Accepted Answer

A)  mucus secretion 
B)  glucose oxidation 
C)  cellular differentiation 
D)  amylase secretion 
A)  mucus secretion 
B)  glucose oxidation 
C)  cellular differentiation 
D)  amylase secretion

Question 3

Which medication inhibits hydrogen release into the gastric juice, which reduces GI mucosal irritation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pepcid 
B)  Nexium 
C)  Tums 
D)  Tagamet 
A)  Pepcid 
B)  Nexium 
C)  Tums 
D)  Tagamet

Question 4

Secretin is released from the enteroendocrine S-cell in the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal small intestine 
B)  gastric mucosa 
C)  esophagus 
D)  colon 
A)  proximal small intestine 
B)  gastric mucosa 
C)  esophagus 
D)  colon

Question 5

Anaerobic bacteria populate the gut in _____ greater quantities than aerobic bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 fold 
B)  5 fold 
C)  10 fold 
D)  100 fold 
A)  2 fold 
B)  5 fold 
C)  10 fold 
D)  100 fold

Question 6

What is the most probable problem if the function of the parotid glands is decreased?

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of triglyceride digestion 
B)  hard to form bolus 
C)  saliva that is too thin - a high water to mucus ratio 
D)  diarrhea due to malabsorption 
A)  lack of triglyceride digestion 
B)  hard to form bolus 
C)  saliva that is too thin - a high water to mucus ratio 
D)  diarrhea due to malabsorption

Question 7

A function of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice is to

Accepted Answer

A)  digest protein, functioning as an endopeptidase. 
B)  protect the stomach lining from damage. 
C)  inhibit secretion of gastrin and CCK. 
D)  act as a bactericide agent. 
A)  digest protein, functioning as an endopeptidase. 
B)  protect the stomach lining from damage. 
C)  inhibit secretion of gastrin and CCK. 
D)  act as a bactericide agent.

Question 8

The parasympathetic nervous system affects gastrointestinal motility by

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulating peristalsis. 
B)  constricting sphincters. 
C)  decreasing muscle contractions. 
D)  inhibiting peptide production. 
A)  stimulating peristalsis. 
B)  constricting sphincters. 
C)  decreasing muscle contractions. 
D)  inhibiting peptide production.

Question 9

Approximately how much chyme per minute is allowed to enter the duodenum from the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A)  1-5 mL 
B)  6-10 mL 
C)  11-15 mL 
D)  16-20 mL 
A)  1-5 mL 
B)  6-10 mL 
C)  11-15 mL 
D)  16-20 mL

Question 10

The volume of a normal stomach ranges from 50 mL (~2 oz) when empty to _____ when full.

Accepted Answer

A)  100 mL (~4 oz) 
B)  250 mL (~1 cup) 
C)  750 mL (~3 cups) 
D)  1.5 L (~ 6 cups) 
A)  100 mL (~4 oz) 
B)  250 mL (~1 cup) 
C)  750 mL (~3 cups) 
D)  1.5 L (~ 6 cups)

Question 11

Which structural component of the gastrointestinal tract is within the muscularis externa and controls the contractions that cause motility?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscularis mucosae 
B)  submucosal plexus 
C)  myenteric plexus 
D)  lumen 
A)  muscularis mucosae 
B)  submucosal plexus 
C)  myenteric plexus 
D)  lumen

Question 12

Which hormone is responsible for decreasing sodium absorption in the colon?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucocorticoids 
B)  mineralcorticoids 
C)  vasopressin 
D)  glucagon 
A)  glucocorticoids 
B)  mineralcorticoids 
C)  vasopressin 
D)  glucagon

Question 13

Which specialized cell of the gastric epithelium secretes a hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  neck 
B)  parietal 
C)  chief 
D)  G-cell 
A)  neck 
B)  parietal 
C)  chief 
D)  G-cell

Question 14

Pancreatic juice that enters the duodenum through the sphincter of Oddi contains all of the following EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  digestive enzymes 
B)  intrinsic factor 
C)  anions such as bicarbonate and chloride 
D)  cations such as sodium, potassium, and calcium 
A)  digestive enzymes 
B)  intrinsic factor 
C)  anions such as bicarbonate and chloride 
D)  cations such as sodium, potassium, and calcium

Question 15

39 10. What product produced by neck cells in the oxyntic gland of the stomach protects the epithelium from mechanical and chemical damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  amylase 
B)  pepsin 
C)  gastrin 
D)  mucus 
A)  amylase 
B)  pepsin 
C)  gastrin 
D)  mucus

Question 16

What is the name of the digestive enzyme in saliva that digests starch?

Accepted Answer

A)  lipase 
B)  synthetase 
C)  amylase 
D)  lactase 
A)  lipase 
B)  synthetase 
C)  amylase 
D)  lactase

Question 17

The neuronal network system located in the submucosa (plexus of Meissner) controls:

Accepted Answer

A)  peristalsis and local blood flow. 
B)  ileal secretions and gastric motility. 
C)  frequency and strength of gastric muscle contractions. 
D)  gastrointestinal secretions and local blood flow. 
A)  peristalsis and local blood flow. 
B)  ileal secretions and gastric motility. 
C)  frequency and strength of gastric muscle contractions. 
D)  gastrointestinal secretions and local blood flow.

Question 18

Lactose intolerance is common in all of the following EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  European Americans 
B)  African Americans 
C)  American Indians 
D)  Asian Americans 
A)  European Americans 
B)  African Americans 
C)  American Indians 
D)  Asian Americans

Question 19

Conjugation of bile acids with glycine and taurine improves their ability to

Accepted Answer

A)  ionize and form micelles. 
B)  undergo enterohepatic recirculation. 
C)  be excreted in the feces, thus keeping serum cholesterol normal. 
D)  promote the formation of bile salts. 
A)  ionize and form micelles. 
B)  undergo enterohepatic recirculation. 
C)  be excreted in the feces, thus keeping serum cholesterol normal. 
D)  promote the formation of bile salts.

Question 20

57 31. The hormone primarily responsible for contraction of the gallbladder and release of bile into the duodenum is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  gastrin 
B)  secretin 
C)  cholecystokinin 
D)  GRP 
A)  gastrin 
B)  secretin 
C)  cholecystokinin 
D)  GRP

Bile is most important for the digestion and absorption of _____.

Choose the phrase that best describes the function of the crypt of Lieberkühn.

Which medication inhibits hydrogen release into the gastric juice, which reduces GI mucosal irritation?

Secretin is released from the enteroendocrine S-cell in the _____.

Anaerobic bacteria populate the gut in _____ greater quantities than aerobic bacteria.

What is the most probable problem if the function of the parotid glands is decreased?

A function of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice is to

The parasympathetic nervous system affects gastrointestinal motility by

Approximately how much chyme per minute is allowed to enter the duodenum from the stomach?

The volume of a normal stomach ranges from 50 mL (~2 oz) when empty to _____ when full.

Which structural component of the gastrointestinal tract is within the muscularis externa and controls the contractions that cause motility?

Which hormone is responsible for decreasing sodium absorption in the colon?

Which specialized cell of the gastric epithelium secretes a hormone?

Pancreatic juice that enters the duodenum through the sphincter of Oddi contains all of the following EXCEPT _____.

39 10. What product produced by neck cells in the oxyntic gland of the stomach protects the epithelium from mechanical and chemical damage?

What is the name of the digestive enzyme in saliva that digests starch?

The neuronal network system located in the submucosa (plexus of Meissner) controls:

Lactose intolerance is common in all of the following EXCEPT _____.

Conjugation of bile acids with glycine and taurine improves their ability to

57 31. The hormone primarily responsible for contraction of the gallbladder and release of bile into the duodenum is _____.

The Cell: a Microcosm of Life

Carbohydrates

Fiber

Lipids

Protein

Integration and Regulation of Metabolismand the Impact of Exercise and Sport

Body Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Balance

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Filters

Exam 2: The Digestive System:mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Bile is most important for the digestion and absorption of _____.

Choose the phrase that best describes the function of the crypt of Lieberkühn.

Which medication inhibits hydrogen release into the gastric juice, which reduces GI mucosal irritation?

Secretin is released from the enteroendocrine S-cell in the _____.

Anaerobic bacteria populate the gut in _____ greater quantities than aerobic bacteria.

What is the most probable problem if the function of the parotid glands is decreased?

A function of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice is to

The parasympathetic nervous system affects gastrointestinal motility by

Approximately how much chyme per minute is allowed to enter the duodenum from the stomach?

The volume of a normal stomach ranges from 50 mL (~2 oz) when empty to _____ when full.

Which structural component of the gastrointestinal tract is within the muscularis externa and controls the contractions that cause motility?

Which hormone is responsible for decreasing sodium absorption in the colon?

Which specialized cell of the gastric epithelium secretes a hormone?

Pancreatic juice that enters the duodenum through the sphincter of Oddi contains all of the following EXCEPT _____.

39 10. What product produced by neck cells in the oxyntic gland of the stomach protects the epithelium from mechanical and chemical damage?

What is the name of the digestive enzyme in saliva that digests starch?

The neuronal network system located in the submucosa (plexus of Meissner) controls:

Lactose intolerance is common in all of the following EXCEPT _____.

Conjugation of bile acids with glycine and taurine improves their ability to

57 31. The hormone primarily responsible for contraction of the gallbladder and release of bile into the duodenum is _____.

The Cell: a Microcosm of Life

Carbohydrates

Fiber

Lipids

Protein

Integration and Regulation of Metabolismand the Impact of Exercise and Sport

Body Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Balance

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Filters