Question 1

Which of the following statements about the transition region and its formation is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The transition region occurs between the root and the shoot. 
B)  The transition region is the region in which the vascular system changes locations. 
C)  Vascular transition is completed with the differentiation of the procambium in the seedling. 
D)  Vascular transition is initiated soon after seed germination. 
E)  The structure of the transition region is often very complex. 
A)  The transition region occurs between the root and the shoot. 
B)  The transition region is the region in which the vascular system changes locations. 
C)  Vascular transition is completed with the differentiation of the procambium in the seedling. 
D)  Vascular transition is initiated soon after seed germination. 
E)  The structure of the transition region is often very complex. D

Question 2

The current model for gene classes that affect flower development is called the ABCD model.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

A spine is a modified:

Accepted Answer

A)  branch. 
B)  leaf. 
C)  epidermal hair. 
D)  stem. 
E)  flower. 
A)  branch. 
B)  leaf. 
C)  epidermal hair. 
D)  stem. 
E)  flower. B

Question 4

Which of the following statements about bulliform cells is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are found in monocots. 
B)  They are large mesophyll cells. 
C)  They are arranged in longitudinal rows. 
D)  They become flaccid during excessive water loss. 
E)  They play a role in leaf folding and unfolding. 
A)  They are found in monocots. 
B)  They are large mesophyll cells. 
C)  They are arranged in longitudinal rows. 
D)  They become flaccid during excessive water loss. 
E)  They play a role in leaf folding and unfolding.

Question 5

In the angiosperm shoot apex, the corpus and overlying tunica constitute the:

Accepted Answer

A)  pith meristem. 
B)  peripheral meristem. 
C)  intercalary meristem. 
D)  central zone. 
E)  meristematic cap. 
A)  pith meristem. 
B)  peripheral meristem. 
C)  intercalary meristem. 
D)  central zone. 
E)  meristematic cap.

Question 6

In the transition region, there is a small but significant interruption between the vascular tissues of the root and the shoot.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT part of a phytomere?

Accepted Answer

A)  axillary bud 
B)  internode 
C)  node 
D)  leaf 
E)  apical meristem 
A)  axillary bud 
B)  internode 
C)  node 
D)  leaf 
E)  apical meristem

Question 8

______ has a stem with scattered vascular bundles.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ranunculus 
B)  Sambucus 
C)  Zea 
D)  Medicago 
E)  Tilia 
A)  Ranunculus 
B)  Sambucus 
C)  Zea 
D)  Medicago 
E)  Tilia

Question 9

Which of the following statements about cells of the tunica is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most divide anticlinally. 
B)  Some divide periclinally. 
C)  They form four layers in most angiosperms. 
D)  Daughter cells from one layer may be displaced into another layer. 
E)  They constitute the outermost cells of the shoot apex. 
A)  Most divide anticlinally. 
B)  Some divide periclinally. 
C)  They form four layers in most angiosperms. 
D)  Daughter cells from one layer may be displaced into another layer. 
E)  They constitute the outermost cells of the shoot apex.

Question 10

By definition, a plant having leaflets has simple leaves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In most monocot but not eudicot stems, it is possible to distinguish cortex from pith.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A sympodium contains a stem bundle and its associated leaf traces.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A plant with decussate phyllotaxy has opposite leaves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the Tilia stem is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pith contains parenchyma and mucilage ducts. 
B)  The cortex contains collenchyma and parenchyma. 
C)  The xylem is located outside the phloem. 
D)  The epidermis is a single layer of cells. 
E)  The vascular bundles are separated by interfascicular parenchyma. 
A)  The pith contains parenchyma and mucilage ducts. 
B)  The cortex contains collenchyma and parenchyma. 
C)  The xylem is located outside the phloem. 
D)  The epidermis is a single layer of cells. 
E)  The vascular bundles are separated by interfascicular parenchyma.

Question 15

The abscission zone consists of three layers: the separation layer, the protective layer, and the layer of cell division.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The studies of homeotic mutations in Arabidopsis initially identified _____ classes of genes essential to normal flower development, but this model has recently been expanded to ____ gene classes.

Accepted Answer

A)  2; 3 
B)  2; 4 
C)  3; 4 
D)  3; 5 
E)  3; 6 
A)  2; 3 
B)  2; 4 
C)  3; 4 
D)  3; 5 
E)  3; 6

Question 17

The inhibitory field hypothesis of leaf arrangement states that existing leaf primordia:

Accepted Answer

A)  preferentially develop in a whorled phyllotaxy. 
B)  cannot develop until sufficient space is available. 
C)  prevent the initiation of new primordia. 
D)  contain vascular tissues organized in field-like rows. 
E)  produce electrical fields that attract one another. 
A)  preferentially develop in a whorled phyllotaxy. 
B)  cannot develop until sufficient space is available. 
C)  prevent the initiation of new primordia. 
D)  contain vascular tissues organized in field-like rows. 
E)  produce electrical fields that attract one another.

Question 18

A leaf trace extends between the leaf and a:

Accepted Answer

A)  sympodium. 
B)  stem bundle. 
C)  leaf trace gap. 
D)  stem bundle gap. 
E)  bud primordium. 
A)  sympodium. 
B)  stem bundle. 
C)  leaf trace gap. 
D)  stem bundle gap. 
E)  bud primordium.

Question 19

Unlike C3 grasses, C4 grasses have leaves:

Accepted Answer

A)  with mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells in two concentric layers. 
B)  with an interveinal distance of more than four cells. 
C)  without Kranz anatomy. 
D)  with a mestome sheath. 
E)  with small bundle-sheath cells containing small chloroplasts. 
A)  with mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells in two concentric layers. 
B)  with an interveinal distance of more than four cells. 
C)  without Kranz anatomy. 
D)  with a mestome sheath. 
E)  with small bundle-sheath cells containing small chloroplasts.

Question 20

The auxin-based model of phyllotaxy states that young leaf promordia stimulate the production of auxin in neighboring cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 25: The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Which of the following statements about the transition region and its formation is FALSE?

The current model for gene classes that affect flower development is called the ABCD model.

A spine is a modified:

Which of the following statements about bulliform cells is FALSE?

In the angiosperm shoot apex, the corpus and overlying tunica constitute the:

In the transition region, there is a small but significant interruption between the vascular tissues of the root and the shoot.

Which of the following is NOT part of a phytomere?

______ has a stem with scattered vascular bundles.

Which of the following statements about cells of the tunica is FALSE?

By definition, a plant having leaflets has simple leaves.

In most monocot but not eudicot stems, it is possible to distinguish cortex from pith.

A sympodium contains a stem bundle and its associated leaf traces.

A plant with decussate phyllotaxy has opposite leaves.

Which of the following statements about the Tilia stem is FALSE?

The abscission zone consists of three layers: the separation layer, the protective layer, and the layer of cell division.

The studies of homeotic mutations in Arabidopsis initially identified _____ classes of genes essential to normal flower development, but this model has recently been expanded to ____ gene classes.

The inhibitory field hypothesis of leaf arrangement states that existing leaf primordia:

A leaf trace extends between the leaf and a:

Unlike C3 grasses, C4 grasses have leaves:

The auxin-based model of phyllotaxy states that young leaf promordia stimulate the production of auxin in neighboring cells.

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

Filters

The studies of homeotic mutations in Arabidopsis initially identified _ classes of genes essential to normal flower development, but this model has recently been expanded to gene classes.

Unlike C₃ grasses, C₄ grasses have leaves: