Question 1

By definition, _______ is the term that refers to changes in a gene pool due to chance.

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation 
B)  genetic drift 
C)  gene flow 
D)  natural selection 
E)  nonrandom mating 
A)  mutation 
B)  genetic drift 
C)  gene flow 
D)  natural selection 
E)  nonrandom mating B

Question 2

Humans breed plants and animals through the process of:

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial selection. 
B)  natural selection. 
C)  survival of the fittest. 
D)  evolution. 
E)  mutation. 
A)  artificial selection. 
B)  natural selection. 
C)  survival of the fittest. 
D)  evolution. 
E)  mutation. A

Question 3

When plants heterozygous for a trait self-pollinate there will be a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease in the frequency of individuals homozygous recessive for that trait. 
B)  decrease in the frequency of individuals homozygous dominant for that trait. 
C)  decrease in the frequency of individuals heterozygous for that trait. 
D)  increase in the frequency of individuals heterozygous for that trait. 
E)  increase in the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals but a decrease in homozygous dominant individuals. 
A)  decrease in the frequency of individuals homozygous recessive for that trait. 
B)  decrease in the frequency of individuals homozygous dominant for that trait. 
C)  decrease in the frequency of individuals heterozygous for that trait. 
D)  increase in the frequency of individuals heterozygous for that trait. 
E)  increase in the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals but a decrease in homozygous dominant individuals. C

Question 4

One approach of the phylogenetic species concept states that species are defined on the basis of their:

Accepted Answer

A)  ability to interbreed. 
B)  inability to interbreed. 
C)  ability to form fertile hybrids. 
D)  ability to form ecotypes with other species. 
E)  historical relatedness to other organisms in the species. 
A)  ability to interbreed. 
B)  inability to interbreed. 
C)  ability to form fertile hybrids. 
D)  ability to form ecotypes with other species. 
E)  historical relatedness to other organisms in the species.

Question 5

In a population, natural selection:

Accepted Answer

A)  can preserve and promote variability. 
B)  eliminates only the "less fit." 
C)  acts on the genotype. 
D)  reduces genetic variability. 
E)  reduces the potential for further evolution. 
A)  can preserve and promote variability. 
B)  eliminates only the "less fit." 
C)  acts on the genotype. 
D)  reduces genetic variability. 
E)  reduces the potential for further evolution.

Question 6

An example of natural selection is a plant breeder developing a new variety of rose.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Gene flow can introduce new alleles into a population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

According to the theory of punctuated equilibrium:

Accepted Answer

A)  macroevolution occurs more readily than microevolution. 
B)  species evolve by the gradual accumulation of many small changes. 
C)  the fossil record is flawed. 
D)  long periods of little phyletic change are interrupted by short periods of rapid change. 
E)  new species do not "suddenly" appear. 
A)  macroevolution occurs more readily than microevolution. 
B)  species evolve by the gradual accumulation of many small changes. 
C)  the fossil record is flawed. 
D)  long periods of little phyletic change are interrupted by short periods of rapid change. 
E)  new species do not "suddenly" appear.

Question 9

According to the Hardy-Weinberg Law, over long periods a dominant allele will drive out a recessive allele from a population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Tragopogon mirus and Tragopogon miscellus are examples of species formed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric speciation. 
B)  heterozygote advantage. 
C)  coevolution. 
D)  allopolyploid speciation. 
E)  autopolyploid speciation. 
A)  allopatric speciation. 
B)  heterozygote advantage. 
C)  coevolution. 
D)  allopolyploid speciation. 
E)  autopolyploid speciation.

Question 11

Cross-pollination between individuals of the same species is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  polyploidization. 
B)  hybridization. 
C)  recombination speciation. 
D)  outcrossing. 
E)  apomixis. 
A)  polyploidization. 
B)  hybridization. 
C)  recombination speciation. 
D)  outcrossing. 
E)  apomixis.

Question 12

Genetic drift tends to have a greater impact on evolution in large populations than in small populations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Coevolution occurs when one species exerts a strong selective force on another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

______ is the sum total of all the alleles of all the genes in a population.

Accepted Answer

A)  The genotype 
B)  The gene pool 
C)  Evolution 
D)  Population genetics 
E)  A species 
A)  The genotype 
B)  The gene pool 
C)  Evolution 
D)  Population genetics 
E)  A species

Question 15

According to the gradualism model:

Accepted Answer

A)  the fossil record accurately reflects evolutionary history. 
B)  the origin of genera requires mechanisms different from those involved in the origin of species. 
C)  evolution occurs by the accumulation of many small changes in the frequencies of genes in a gene pool. 
D)  species arise abruptly. 
E)  new fossil forms appear rather suddenly in strata. 
A)  the fossil record accurately reflects evolutionary history. 
B)  the origin of genera requires mechanisms different from those involved in the origin of species. 
C)  evolution occurs by the accumulation of many small changes in the frequencies of genes in a gene pool. 
D)  species arise abruptly. 
E)  new fossil forms appear rather suddenly in strata.

Question 16

In a population of 1000 plants, the frequency of the a allele is 5 percent. Suppose a fire causes the loss of 500 individuals who are homozygous for the A allele. In this case the fire caused the frequency of a to change from ______ to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  5; 1 
B)  0.05; 1.0 
C)  0.05; 0.1 
D)  0.5; 1.0 
E)  0.5; 0.1 
A)  5; 1 
B)  0.05; 1.0 
C)  0.05; 0.1 
D)  0.5; 1.0 
E)  0.5; 0.1

Question 17

The raw material for evolutionary change is provided by:

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual reproduction. 
B)  asexual reproduction. 
C)  mutations. 
D)  meiosis. 
E)  mitosis. 
A)  sexual reproduction. 
B)  asexual reproduction. 
C)  mutations. 
D)  meiosis. 
E)  mitosis.

Question 18

Which of the following statements concerning recombination speciation in sunflowers is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It involves polyploidy. 
B)  It is a type of sympatric speciation. 
C)  The hybrids are initially semisterile. 
D)  It results from gene combinations being rearranged over several generations. 
E)  It has been duplicated in the laboratory. 
A)  It involves polyploidy. 
B)  It is a type of sympatric speciation. 
C)  The hybrids are initially semisterile. 
D)  It results from gene combinations being rearranged over several generations. 
E)  It has been duplicated in the laboratory.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a necessary condition for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  no natural selection 
B)  isolation from other populations 
C)  no mutations 
D)  nonrandom mating 
E)  large population size 
A)  no natural selection 
B)  isolation from other populations 
C)  no mutations 
D)  nonrandom mating 
E)  large population size

Question 20

The experiments with Oxyria digyna and Solidago virgaurea provide evidence that:

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection does not always result in adaptation. 
B)  these species lack developmental plasticity. 
C)  clines can sometimes be ignored. 
D)  coevolution had occurred. 
E)  ecotypes differ physiologically. 
A)  natural selection does not always result in adaptation. 
B)  these species lack developmental plasticity. 
C)  clines can sometimes be ignored. 
D)  coevolution had occurred. 
E)  ecotypes differ physiologically.

Exam 11: The Process of Evolution

By definition, _______ is the term that refers to changes in a gene pool due to chance.

Humans breed plants and animals through the process of:

When plants heterozygous for a trait self-pollinate there will be a(n):

One approach of the phylogenetic species concept states that species are defined on the basis of their:

In a population, natural selection:

An example of natural selection is a plant breeder developing a new variety of rose.

Gene flow can introduce new alleles into a population.

According to the theory of punctuated equilibrium:

According to the Hardy-Weinberg Law, over long periods a dominant allele will drive out a recessive allele from a population.

Tragopogon mirus and Tragopogon miscellus are examples of species formed by:

Cross-pollination between individuals of the same species is called:

Genetic drift tends to have a greater impact on evolution in large populations than in small populations.

Coevolution occurs when one species exerts a strong selective force on another.

______ is the sum total of all the alleles of all the genes in a population.

According to the gradualism model:

In a population of 1000 plants, the frequency of the a allele is 5 percent. Suppose a fire causes the loss of 500 individuals who are homozygous for the A allele. In this case the fire caused the frequency of a to change from ______ to ______.

The raw material for evolutionary change is provided by:

Which of the following statements concerning recombination speciation in sunflowers is FALSE?

Which of the following is NOT a necessary condition for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

The experiments with Oxyria digyna and Solidago virgaurea provide evidence that:

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

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In a population of 1000 plants, the frequency of the a allele is 5 percent. Suppose a fire causes the loss of 500 individuals who are homozygous for the A allele. In this case the fire caused the frequency of a to change from to .