Question 1

The existence of more grass plants than herbivores in a grassland ecosystem is illustrated by a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  pyramid of energy. 
B)  pyramid of biomass. 
C)  pyramid of numbers. 
D)  pyramid of body size. 
E)  inverted pyramid of biomass. 
A)  pyramid of energy. 
B)  pyramid of biomass. 
C)  pyramid of numbers. 
D)  pyramid of body size. 
E)  inverted pyramid of biomass. C

Question 2

Which of the following statements about nutrient cycling is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  An ecosystem has the property of regulating the cycling of nutrients. 
B)  An ecosystem is self-sustaining in terms of its nutrient supply. 
C)  Nutrients are continuously cycled between organisms and the environment. 
D)  In an ideal nutrient cycle, small amounts of nutrients are lost. 
E)  In a nutrient cycle, the rate of flow differs among nutrients and habitats. 
A)  An ecosystem has the property of regulating the cycling of nutrients. 
B)  An ecosystem is self-sustaining in terms of its nutrient supply. 
C)  Nutrients are continuously cycled between organisms and the environment. 
D)  In an ideal nutrient cycle, small amounts of nutrients are lost. 
E)  In a nutrient cycle, the rate of flow differs among nutrients and habitats. D

Question 3

In nature, the penicillin produced by Penicillium chrysogenum growing on seeds:

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibits seed germination. 
B)  inhibits the growth of the fungus. 
C)  inhibits the growth of bacteria. 
D)  stimulates seed germination. 
E)  stimulates the growth of bacteria. 
A)  inhibits seed germination. 
B)  inhibits the growth of the fungus. 
C)  inhibits the growth of bacteria. 
D)  stimulates seed germination. 
E)  stimulates the growth of bacteria. C

Question 4

_______ is a fuel formed from wetland biomass that accumulates under standing water.

Accepted Answer

A)  Lignite 
B)  Natural gas 
C)  Peat 
D)  Coal 
E)  Oil 
A)  Lignite 
B)  Natural gas 
C)  Peat 
D)  Coal 
E)  Oil

Question 5

The ants of genus Pseudomyrmex that swarm over a bull's-horn acacia tree:

Accepted Answer

A)  harm the plant. 
B)  provide the plant with sugar. 
C)  provide the plant with protein. 
D)  store the plant's seeds. 
E)  protect the plant against predators. 
A)  harm the plant. 
B)  provide the plant with sugar. 
C)  provide the plant with protein. 
D)  store the plant's seeds. 
E)  protect the plant against predators.

Question 6

After all plants in a selected portion of the Hubbard Brook forest were killed, scientists detected a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease in net calcium loss. 
B)  decrease in net potassium loss. 
C)  increase in net nitrogen loss. 
D)  increase in the amount of nitrate in the soil. 
E)  increase in the amount of potassium in the soil. 
A)  decrease in net calcium loss. 
B)  decrease in net potassium loss. 
C)  increase in net nitrogen loss. 
D)  increase in the amount of nitrate in the soil. 
E)  increase in the amount of potassium in the soil.

Question 7

An example of mutualism is nitrogen-fixing bacteria growing in the root nodules of legumes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

_______ are primary consumers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ferns 
B)  Phytoplankton 
C)  Lions and tigers 
D)  Cows and sheep 
E)  Chemosynthesizers 
A)  Ferns 
B)  Phytoplankton 
C)  Lions and tigers 
D)  Cows and sheep 
E)  Chemosynthesizers

Question 9

According to the principle of competitive exclusion, two species with similar requirements:

Accepted Answer

A)  generally grow to the same height. 
B)  generally photosynthesize at the same rate. 
C)  cannot take up water equally well. 
D)  cannot photosynthesize equally well. 
E)  cannot coexist indefinitely in the same habitat. 
A)  generally grow to the same height. 
B)  generally photosynthesize at the same rate. 
C)  cannot take up water equally well. 
D)  cannot photosynthesize equally well. 
E)  cannot coexist indefinitely in the same habitat.

Question 10

Many species are members of more than one trophic level.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In response to Gypsy moth attack, defoliated oak trees produce new leaves with higher tannin levels than normal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Nonprairie species are prevented by ______ from encroaching on prairie ecosystems.

Accepted Answer

A)  wind 
B)  fire 
C)  rainfall 
D)  herbivores 
E)  low temperature 
A)  wind 
B)  fire 
C)  rainfall 
D)  herbivores 
E)  low temperature

Question 13

All autotrophs obtain their energy from the sun.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

After a glacier recedes, _____ are often the first to become established on the bare rock.

Accepted Answer

A)  lichens and mosses 
B)  lichens and ferns 
C)  mosses and ferns 
D)  mosses and grasses 
E)  grasses and lichens 
A)  lichens and mosses 
B)  lichens and ferns 
C)  mosses and ferns 
D)  mosses and grasses 
E)  grasses and lichens

Question 15

When the two species are grown together, Lemna polyrhiza is replaced by Lemna gibba because L. gibba outcompetes L. polyrhiza for:

Accepted Answer

A)  light. 
B)  space. 
C)  carbon dioxide. 
D)  oxygen. 
E)  minerals. 
A)  light. 
B)  space. 
C)  carbon dioxide. 
D)  oxygen. 
E)  minerals.

Question 16

Only a small percentage of vascular plants have mycorrhizal associations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

All chemosynthesizers are microbial.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What are tannins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sex attractants in insects 
B)  Compounds that make plant proteins indigestible to insects 
C)  Compounds produced by a plant when it is attacked 
D)  Fungal substances that detoxify pisatin 
E)  Elicitors produced by bacteria and fungi 
A)  Sex attractants in insects 
B)  Compounds that make plant proteins indigestible to insects 
C)  Compounds produced by a plant when it is attacked 
D)  Fungal substances that detoxify pisatin 
E)  Elicitors produced by bacteria and fungi

Question 19

When ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex were removed from bull's-horn acacia trees, the trees:

Accepted Answer

A)  usually died. 
B)  were unaffected. 
C)  grew taller. 
D)  lived longer. 
E)  produced thorns. 
A)  usually died. 
B)  were unaffected. 
C)  grew taller. 
D)  lived longer. 
E)  produced thorns.

Question 20

In an ecosystem, energy flows from:

Accepted Answer

A)  consumers to autotrophs to decomposers. 
B)  decomposers to consumers to autotrophs. 
C)  autotrophs to consumers to decomposers. 
D)  consumers to decomposers to autotrophs. 
E)  autotrophs to decomposers to consumers. 
A)  consumers to autotrophs to decomposers. 
B)  decomposers to consumers to autotrophs. 
C)  autotrophs to consumers to decomposers. 
D)  consumers to decomposers to autotrophs. 
E)  autotrophs to decomposers to consumers.

Exam 31: The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

The existence of more grass plants than herbivores in a grassland ecosystem is illustrated by a(n):

Which of the following statements about nutrient cycling is FALSE?

In nature, the penicillin produced by Penicillium chrysogenum growing on seeds:

_______ is a fuel formed from wetland biomass that accumulates under standing water.

The ants of genus Pseudomyrmex that swarm over a bull's-horn acacia tree:

After all plants in a selected portion of the Hubbard Brook forest were killed, scientists detected a(n):

An example of mutualism is nitrogen-fixing bacteria growing in the root nodules of legumes.

_______ are primary consumers.

According to the principle of competitive exclusion, two species with similar requirements:

Many species are members of more than one trophic level.

In response to Gypsy moth attack, defoliated oak trees produce new leaves with higher tannin levels than normal.

Nonprairie species are prevented by ______ from encroaching on prairie ecosystems.

All autotrophs obtain their energy from the sun.

After a glacier recedes, _____ are often the first to become established on the bare rock.

When the two species are grown together, Lemna polyrhiza is replaced by Lemna gibba because L. gibba outcompetes L. polyrhiza for:

Only a small percentage of vascular plants have mycorrhizal associations.

All chemosynthesizers are microbial.

What are tannins?

When ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex were removed from bull's-horn acacia trees, the trees:

In an ecosystem, energy flows from:

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

The Process of Evolution

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

Global Ecology

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