Question 1

Polyploidy may arise as a result of nondisjunction during meiosis but not mitosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of a particular dominant allele is 20 percent. What percentage of the individuals in this population will be heterozygous for that trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  16 percent 
B)  32 percent 
C)  42 percent 
D)  64 percent 
E)  80 percent 
A)  16 percent 
B)  32 percent 
C)  42 percent 
D)  64 percent 
E)  80 percent

Question 3

The type of polyploidy known as allopolyploidy:

Accepted Answer

A)  was discovered in Oenothera lamarckiana by Hugo de Vries. 
B)  involves a doubling of chromosome number within individuals of a species. 
C)  is involved in allopatric speciation. 
D)  is involved in adaptive radiation. 
E)  is more common than autopolyploidy. 
A)  was discovered in Oenothera lamarckiana by Hugo de Vries. 
B)  involves a doubling of chromosome number within individuals of a species. 
C)  is involved in allopatric speciation. 
D)  is involved in adaptive radiation. 
E)  is more common than autopolyploidy.

Question 4

Approximately ______ percent of flowering plants are polyploid.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 to 25 
B)  35 to 47 
C)  47 to 70 
D)  70 to 83 
E)  83 to 95 
A)  10 to 25 
B)  35 to 47 
C)  47 to 70 
D)  70 to 83 
E)  83 to 95

Question 5

A trait that is favored in one environment may be disadvantageous in another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The rate of spontaneous mutations in a population is very low.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which is the mathematical representation of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  p2 + q2 = 0 
B)  p2+ 2pq + q2 = 1 
C)  p2+ q2 = 1 
D)  2pq + (p2 + q2) = 1 
E)  2pq + 2(pq2) = p2 + q2 = 1 
A)  p2 + q2 = 0 
B)  p2+ 2pq + q2 = 1 
C)  p2+ q2 = 1 
D)  2pq + (p2 + q2) = 1 
E)  2pq + 2(pq2) = p2 + q2 = 1

Question 8

An example of ______ is when a forest fire destroys a large percentage of a population of trees.

Accepted Answer

A)  nonrandom mating 
B)  natural selection 
C)  fitness 
D)  the founder effect 
E)  the bottleneck effect 
A)  nonrandom mating 
B)  natural selection 
C)  fitness 
D)  the founder effect 
E)  the bottleneck effect

Question 9

The small-scale generation-to-generation change in the frequency of alleles in a population is called microevolution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

An example of recombination speciation is provided by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Triticum aestivum. 
B)  Spartina maritima. 
C)  Poa pratensis. 
D)  Tagopogon porrifolius. 
E)  Helianthus anomalus. 
A)  Triticum aestivum. 
B)  Spartina maritima. 
C)  Poa pratensis. 
D)  Tagopogon porrifolius. 
E)  Helianthus anomalus.

Question 11

______ refers to the adjustments that occur when populations of different species exert a strong selective force on each other.

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetic drift 
B)  Developmental plasticity 
C)  Heterozygote advantage 
D)  Coevolution 
E)  Speciation 
A)  Genetic drift 
B)  Developmental plasticity 
C)  Heterozygote advantage 
D)  Coevolution 
E)  Speciation

Question 12

Apomixis is a type of:

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual reproduction. 
B)  asexual reproduction. 
C)  hybridization. 
D)  outcrossing. 
E)  clinal variation. 
A)  sexual reproduction. 
B)  asexual reproduction. 
C)  hybridization. 
D)  outcrossing. 
E)  clinal variation.

Question 13

If two different populations of a species are genetically distinct they are called ecotypes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following statements about adaptation is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It means a state of being adjusted to the environment. 
B)  It means a particular characteristic that aids in the adjustment of an organism to its environment. 
C)  It means an evolutionary process that produces organisms better suited to their environment. 
D)  It is correlated with selective forces exerted by the environment but not by other organisms. 
E)  It may occur over the course of many generations. 
A)  It means a state of being adjusted to the environment. 
B)  It means a particular characteristic that aids in the adjustment of an organism to its environment. 
C)  It means an evolutionary process that produces organisms better suited to their environment. 
D)  It is correlated with selective forces exerted by the environment but not by other organisms. 
E)  It may occur over the course of many generations.

Question 15

The experiments with Potentilla glandulosa showed that this organism:

Accepted Answer

A)  grows well only at high altitudes. 
B)  grows well only at sea level. 
C)  should be regarded as four different species. 
D)  exists as four distinct ecotypes. 
E)  exists as two ecotypes, each with the same physiological response to the environment. 
A)  grows well only at high altitudes. 
B)  grows well only at sea level. 
C)  should be regarded as four different species. 
D)  exists as four distinct ecotypes. 
E)  exists as two ecotypes, each with the same physiological response to the environment.

Question 16

Varieties of Kentucky bluegrass undergo a form of asexual reproduction known as ______ in which embryos that are genetically identical to the parent are produced.

Accepted Answer

A)  hybridization 
B)  adaptive radiation 
C)  cross-pollination 
D)  apomixis 
E)  outcrossing 
A)  hybridization 
B)  adaptive radiation 
C)  cross-pollination 
D)  apomixis 
E)  outcrossing

Question 17

In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of a particular dominant allele is 70 percent, and the frequency of the recessive allele is 30 percent. In the next generation, the frequency of the dominant allele will be ______ percent and the frequency of the recessive allele will be ______ percent.

Accepted Answer

A)  70; 30 
B)  60; 40 
C)  50; 50 
D)  40: 60 
E)  30; 70 
A)  70; 30 
B)  60; 40 
C)  50; 50 
D)  40: 60 
E)  30; 70

Question 18

______ warned of the hazards of increased human population growth.

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Lyell 
B)  Gregor Mendel 
C)  Thomas Malthus 
D)  Charles Darwin 
E)  Jean Baptiste de Lamarck 
A)  Charles Lyell 
B)  Gregor Mendel 
C)  Thomas Malthus 
D)  Charles Darwin 
E)  Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

Question 19

One of the most important polyploid groups is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  salt-marsh grasses. 
B)  wheats. 
C)  goat's beards. 
D)  sunflowers. 
E)  horsetails. 
A)  salt-marsh grasses. 
B)  wheats. 
C)  goat's beards. 
D)  sunflowers. 
E)  horsetails.

Question 20

Apomixis is a type of asexual reproduction in which embryos are produced independent of fertilization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 11: The Process of Evolution

Polyploidy may arise as a result of nondisjunction during meiosis but not mitosis.

In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of a particular dominant allele is 20 percent. What percentage of the individuals in this population will be heterozygous for that trait?

The type of polyploidy known as allopolyploidy:

Approximately ______ percent of flowering plants are polyploid.

A trait that is favored in one environment may be disadvantageous in another.

The rate of spontaneous mutations in a population is very low.

Which is the mathematical representation of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

An example of ______ is when a forest fire destroys a large percentage of a population of trees.

The small-scale generation-to-generation change in the frequency of alleles in a population is called microevolution.

An example of recombination speciation is provided by:

______ refers to the adjustments that occur when populations of different species exert a strong selective force on each other.

Apomixis is a type of:

If two different populations of a species are genetically distinct they are called ecotypes.

Which of the following statements about adaptation is FALSE?

The experiments with Potentilla glandulosa showed that this organism:

Varieties of Kentucky bluegrass undergo a form of asexual reproduction known as ______ in which embryos that are genetically identical to the parent are produced.

______ warned of the hazards of increased human population growth.

One of the most important polyploid groups is the:

Apomixis is a type of asexual reproduction in which embryos are produced independent of fertilization.

Botany: an Introduction

The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle

The Movement of Substances Into and Out of Cells

The Flow of Energy

Respiration

Photosynthesis, Light, and Life

Sexual Reproduction and Heredity

The Chemistry of Heredity and Gene Expression

Recombinant Dna Technology, Plant Biotechnology, and Genomics

Systematics: the Science of Biological Diversity

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Fungi

Protists: Algae and Heterotrophic Protists

Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Gymnosperms

Introduction to the Angiosperms

Evolution of the Angiosperms

Plants and People

Early Development of the Plant Body

Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

The Root: Structure and Development

The Shoot: Primary Structure and Development

Secondary Growth in Stems

Regulating Growth and Development: the Plant Hormones

External Factors and Plant Growth

Plant Nutrition and Soils

The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants

The Dynamics of Communities and Ecosystems

Global Ecology

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