Question 1

A researcher measures fearfulness by observing how close a subject comes to a nonpoisonous snake. The researcher is using a _________assessment technique.

Accepted Answer

A)  physiological 
B)  behavioral 
C)  self-report 
D)  subjective 
A)  physiological 
B)  behavioral 
C)  self-report 
D)  subjective

Question 2

Time out is an example of negative reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A glass of water to a thirsty person would be a secondary reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Cognitive learning theories emphasize social aspects of learning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A behavior built in by partial reinforcement:

Accepted Answer

A)  is more resistant to extinction than one built in by continuous reinforcement. 
B)  is less resistant to extinction than one built in by continuous reinforcement. 
C)  is equally resistant to extinction as one built in by continuous reinforcement. 
D)  may be more or less resistant to extinction than one built in by continuous reinforcement. 
A)  is more resistant to extinction than one built in by continuous reinforcement. 
B)  is less resistant to extinction than one built in by continuous reinforcement. 
C)  is equally resistant to extinction as one built in by continuous reinforcement. 
D)  may be more or less resistant to extinction than one built in by continuous reinforcement.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true about instrumental conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is sometimes referred to as Pavlovian conditioning. 
B)  It is active, whereas classical conditioning is passive. 
C)  It is passive, whereas classical conditioning is active. 
D)  The events that define it do not begin with a behavior. 
A)  It is sometimes referred to as Pavlovian conditioning. 
B)  It is active, whereas classical conditioning is passive. 
C)  It is passive, whereas classical conditioning is active. 
D)  The events that define it do not begin with a behavior.

Question 7

When the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus are paired frequently, the conditioned stimulus acquires the ability to:

Accepted Answer

A)  produce an unconditioned response. 
B)  suppress an unconditioned response. 
C)  produce a conditioned response. 
D)  suppress a conditioned response. 
A)  produce an unconditioned response. 
B)  suppress an unconditioned response. 
C)  produce a conditioned response. 
D)  suppress a conditioned response.

Question 8

A simple distinction among schedules of reinforcement is between:

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous and partial. 
B)  partial and fixed. 
C)  continuous and fixed. 
D)  variable and partial. 
A)  continuous and partial. 
B)  partial and fixed. 
C)  continuous and fixed. 
D)  variable and partial.

Question 9

Negative reinforcement involves adding something aversive or unpleasant to the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Positive reinforcement _________the occurrence of behavior through the_________ of something that is pleasant.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases, addition 
B)  decreases, removal 
C)  increases, removal 
D)  decreases, addition 
A)  increases, addition 
B)  decreases, removal 
C)  increases, removal 
D)  decreases, addition

Question 11

What is the difference between continuous and partial schedules of reinforcement? How do they affect behavior differently?

Accepted Answer

With a continuous schedule of reinforcem

Question 12

Self-reinforcement refers to the idea that people:

Accepted Answer

A)  give themselves rewards after an activity. 
B)  react to their own actions with approval. 
C)  react to their own actions with disapproval. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  give themselves rewards after an activity. 
B)  react to their own actions with approval. 
C)  react to their own actions with disapproval. 
D)  all of the above

Question 13

Assessment in the social-cognitive learning view emphasizes objective properties of situations, rather than personal views of those situations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Research by Bandura, in which adults modeled aggressive acts for children, provides a good illustration of the difference between:

Accepted Answer

A)  the acquisition of behavioral potential and the performance of the behavior. 
B)  self-efficacy and competence motivation. 
C)  the perceived locus and stability of a cause for behavior. 
D)  none of the above 
A)  the acquisition of behavioral potential and the performance of the behavior. 
B)  self-efficacy and competence motivation. 
C)  the perceived locus and stability of a cause for behavior. 
D)  none of the above

Question 15

Which statement best describes Bandura's findings about observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children tended to act aggressively toward the doll if they had seen an adult model do the same. 
B)  Children tended to act aggressively toward the doll if they had seen an adult model do the same, but only if the adult had been rewarded. 
C)  Children tended to act aggressively toward the doll if they had seen an adult model do the same, but only if the adult hadn't been punished. 
D)  none of the above 
A)  Children tended to act aggressively toward the doll if they had seen an adult model do the same. 
B)  Children tended to act aggressively toward the doll if they had seen an adult model do the same, but only if the adult had been rewarded. 
C)  Children tended to act aggressively toward the doll if they had seen an adult model do the same, but only if the adult hadn't been punished. 
D)  none of the above

Question 16

Discuss the two assessment techniques based on the conditioning approach.

Accepted Answer

(1) Physiological assessment: Measures p

Question 17

The conditioning perspective can be criticized in that it:

Accepted Answer

A)  does not reveal much about how a given behavior becomes more or less probable. 
B)  does not address the subjective sense of what it means to have a personality, i.e., of "personhood." 
C)  applies only to certain types or domains of behavior. 
D)  none of the above
True and False 
A)  does not reveal much about how a given behavior becomes more or less probable. 
B)  does not address the subjective sense of what it means to have a personality, i.e., of "personhood." 
C)  applies only to certain types or domains of behavior. 
D)  none of the above
True and False

Question 18

Contingency management:

Accepted Answer

A)  involves the use of secondary reinforcers, which are exchanged for privileges. 
B)  usually takes place in an institution such as a mental hospital or prison. 
C)  increases and decreases reinforcements for desired and undesired action, respectively. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  involves the use of secondary reinforcers, which are exchanged for privileges. 
B)  usually takes place in an institution such as a mental hospital or prison. 
C)  increases and decreases reinforcements for desired and undesired action, respectively. 
D)  all of the above

Question 19

In order to demonstrate unambiguously that observational learning has occurred, the behavior learned should be one that the observer does not already know.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which kind of model seems to be completely without fear?

Accepted Answer

A)  mastery 
B)  coping 
C)  skill 
D)  participant 
A)  mastery 
B)  coping 
C)  skill 
D)  participant

A researcher measures fearfulness by observing how close a subject comes to a nonpoisonous snake. The researcher is using a _________assessment technique.

Time out is an example of negative reinforcement

A glass of water to a thirsty person would be a secondary reinforcer.

Cognitive learning theories emphasize social aspects of learning.

A behavior built in by partial reinforcement:

Which of the following statements is true about instrumental conditioning?

When the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus are paired frequently, the conditioned stimulus acquires the ability to:

A simple distinction among schedules of reinforcement is between:

Negative reinforcement involves adding something aversive or unpleasant to the environment.

Positive reinforcement _the occurrence of behavior through the_ of something that is pleasant.

What is the difference between continuous and partial schedules of reinforcement? How do they affect behavior differently?

Self-reinforcement refers to the idea that people:

Assessment in the social-cognitive learning view emphasizes objective properties of situations, rather than personal views of those situations.

Research by Bandura, in which adults modeled aggressive acts for children, provides a good illustration of the difference between:

Which statement best describes Bandura's findings about observational learning?

Discuss the two assessment techniques based on the conditioning approach.

The conditioning perspective can be criticized in that it:

Contingency management:

In order to demonstrate unambiguously that observational learning has occurred, the behavior learned should be one that the observer does not already know.

Which kind of model seems to be completely without fear?

What Is Personality Psychology

Methods in the Study of Personality

Issues in Personality Assessment

The Trait Perspective

The Motive Perspective

Genetics, Evolution, and Personality

Biological Processes and Personality

The Psychoanalytic Perspective

Psychosocial Theories

Self-Actualization and Self-Determination

The Cognitive Perspective

The Self-Regulation Perspective

Personality in Perspective: Overlap and Integration

Filters

Exam 10: The Learning Perspective

A researcher measures fearfulness by observing how close a subject comes to a nonpoisonous snake. The researcher is using a _________assessment technique.

Time out is an example of negative reinforcement

A glass of water to a thirsty person would be a secondary reinforcer.

Cognitive learning theories emphasize social aspects of learning.

A behavior built in by partial reinforcement:

Which of the following statements is true about instrumental conditioning?

When the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus are paired frequently, the conditioned stimulus acquires the ability to:

A simple distinction among schedules of reinforcement is between:

Negative reinforcement involves adding something aversive or unpleasant to the environment.

Positive reinforcement _________the occurrence of behavior through the_________ of something that is pleasant.

What is the difference between continuous and partial schedules of reinforcement? How do they affect behavior differently?

Self-reinforcement refers to the idea that people:

Assessment in the social-cognitive learning view emphasizes objective properties of situations, rather than personal views of those situations.

Research by Bandura, in which adults modeled aggressive acts for children, provides a good illustration of the difference between:

Which statement best describes Bandura's findings about observational learning?

Discuss the two assessment techniques based on the conditioning approach.

The conditioning perspective can be criticized in that it:

Contingency management:

In order to demonstrate unambiguously that observational learning has occurred, the behavior learned should be one that the observer does not already know.

Which kind of model seems to be completely without fear?

What Is Personality Psychology

Methods in the Study of Personality

Issues in Personality Assessment

The Trait Perspective

The Motive Perspective

Genetics, Evolution, and Personality

Biological Processes and Personality

The Psychoanalytic Perspective

Psychosocial Theories

Self-Actualization and Self-Determination

The Cognitive Perspective

The Self-Regulation Perspective

Personality in Perspective: Overlap and Integration

Filters

Positive reinforcement _the occurrence of behavior through the_ of something that is pleasant.