Exam 14: Sampling and Simulation

Simulation techniques go back to ancient times when the game of chess was invented to simulate warfare.

A researcher wants to learn about unemployment rates across the country. She takes an alphabetical list of the 50 states, numbers the states in order, and selects one state at random. She surveys that state and every every tenth state after it, cycling through the list. What type of sampling technique is the researcher employing?

Identify the type of sample obtained by numbering each element in the population and then selecting every third or fifth or tenth, etc., number from the population to be Included in the sample.

A(n) is a sample obtained by dividing the population into subgroups according to various homogeneous characteristics and then selecting members from each subgroup for the sample.

In stratified sampling, the researcher selects intact, preexisting, or natural groups to use as samples.

One major disadvantage of cluster sampling is that the elements in a cluster may not have the same variation in characteristics as elements selected individually from a population.

An example of sampling could involve sampling successive units from a production line to ensure that products continue to meet certain standards.

The survey question "Since everybody likes baseball, you support the construction of the new ball field, don't you?" is a poor survey question because it is

In simulating experiments using the Monte Carlo method, one must define a correspondence between the random numbers and the outcomes.

sampling involves giving a questionnaire to a very large population, and then after the questionnaires are reviewed, a smaller population is formed and a sample Selected from it.

The method is a simulation technique using random numbers.

Sampling techniques are often used

One limitation of random sampling is that if the population is extremely large, numbering and selecting sample elements could be costly and time consuming.

A particular baseball player gets, on average, three hits for every ten times he comes to bat. In a typical game, he comes to bat five times. Use the random numbers table below to simulate his hitting in ten games. Let an entry in the table correspond to one time at bat, 0-2 corresponds to getting a hit, and 3-9 corresponds to not getting a hit. The highlighted numbers were selected at random, and a different one should be used to start i the player's simulated games. That is, use a highlighted number and the four numbers bel represent his batting in one game. In how many of the ten simulated games did he get no hits?

The time and place where a survey is conducted could influence the results.

List two advantages of using simulation techniques instead of actual situations?

In double sampling, the researcher uses a combination of sampling methods.

The PAC-10 Conference consists of ten schools. Universities of the PAC-10 University Location Approximate Enrollment Public/Private Arizona Tucson, AZ 37,000 Public Arizona State Tempe, AZ 65,000 Public California Berkeley, CA 33,000 Public Oregon Eugene, OR 20,000 Public Oregon State Corvallis, OR 19,000 Public Stanford Palo Alto, CA 15,000 Private UCLA Los Angeles, CA 38,000 Public USC Los Angeles, CA 32,000 Private Washington Seattle, WA 43,000 Public Washington State Pullman, WA 23,000 Public A researcher wants to study and compare the attitudes of the private and public university within the PAC-10. He wants to select 200 students to interview and wants to use stratif sampling. Which of the following strategies will enable him to accomplish his goal?

If all possible samples of a specific size have the same chance of being selected, what type of sampling is being used?

A researcher is using Monte Carlo techniques to simulate wins and losses in a particular game. When the number 1, 2, or 3 appears, player A is the winner. When the number 4, 5, or 6 appears, player B is the winner. If the number 7, 8, 9, or 0 appears, the game is a Draw. Given the following sequence of randomly generated numbers, how many games Did player A win? 4, 5, 8, 5, 9, 3, 6, 4, 5, 1, 8, 3, 6