Exam 2: Light and the Eyes

The process of photopigment regeneration:

Which statement is TRUE regarding the pupil of the eye?

A strong lens has a relatively _____ focal length and a _____ angle of refraction.

In which accommodation disorder does the optic axis become too long, resulting in the light coming to a focus in front of the retina?

_____ refers to those signals sent by horizontal cells that tend to decrease the responses of photoreceptors in the center of the receptive field.

Why is it so difficult to see both (a) when you first enter a darkened theater from a sunlit street, and (b) when you step out onto a sunlit street from a darkened theater?

Light is described as having both wave-like and particle-like properties. Name one aspect of vision where light behaves as a particle and a different aspect of vision where light behaves as a wave.

The enhancement of edges in Mach bands can be explained by:

The photopigment in _____ is MOST sensitive to short-wavelength light, with a peak sensitivity at 443 nm.

A transparent membrane at the front of the eye is the:

The _____ is the colored part of the eye, and the visible portion of the _____ is the white of the eye.

Should a person with mild presbyopia borrow glasses from a friend with myopia or one who has hyperopia? Support your answer with relevant arguments.

Night-vision devices based on thermal imaging convert the _____ emitted by the objects and surfaces in the scene into a visible electronic image.

A disorder of the extraocular muscles in which the two eyes are not aligned with one another is called:

The extraocular muscles:

_____ are capable of transducing light into neural signals in the retina.

The layer of the retina CLOSEST to the vitreous chamber of the eye is the _____ layer.

The higher the degree of convergence in neural circuits:

Figure 2.3 of the text is an illustration of the optic array and how it changes as the perceiver moves. In the first scene, the woman is sitting in a chair and can see part of her own lap, part of the red rug in front of the table (but not the part directly behind the table), most of the front legs of the table, and most of the lamp, except for the bottom of the base. When the woman stands up, the optic array changes; she can see part of the rug behind the table, less of the table legs, and the entire base of the lamp. What information about the scene is explicitly contained in the optic array? What information about the scene can only be inferred (or, not known directly) from the optic array?

Which cells in the retina send action potentials to the brain via the optic nerve?