Question 1

Which of the following is not true of the antigen-independent period of lymphocyte development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymphocytes with speciﬁcity for self are destroyed. 
B)  Mature lymphocytes populate lymphatic organs and encounter antigens. 
C)  Many lymphocytes with different speciﬁcities are formed. 
D)  Random genetic rearrangements occur to produce different surface protein receptors. 
E)  Lymphocytes form from stem cells in the bone marrow. 
A)  Lymphocytes with speciﬁcity for self are destroyed. 
B)  Mature lymphocytes populate lymphatic organs and encounter antigens. 
C)  Many lymphocytes with different speciﬁcities are formed. 
D)  Random genetic rearrangements occur to produce different surface protein receptors. 
E)  Lymphocytes form from stem cells in the bone marrow.

Question 2

An example of artiﬁcial active immunity would be _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  chickenpox infection, followed by lifelong immunity 
B)  giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease 
C)  chickenpox vaccine triggering extended immunity to chickenpox 
D)  a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta 
A)  chickenpox infection, followed by lifelong immunity 
B)  giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease 
C)  chickenpox vaccine triggering extended immunity to chickenpox 
D)  a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta

Question 3

Class I MHC genes code for _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  receptors located primarily on macrophages and B cells 
B)  all HLA antigens 
C)  self receptors recognized by T lymphocytes 
D)  certain secreted complement components 
A)  receptors located primarily on macrophages and B cells 
B)  all HLA antigens 
C)  self receptors recognized by T lymphocytes 
D)  certain secreted complement components

Question 4

The secondary response to an antigen is more rapid and robust than the primary response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Clonal selection requires the presence of foreign antigens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

After secreting antibodies during an immune response, plasma cells then differentiate into memory cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Speciﬁc immunity provides long-lasting protection through the production of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma cells 
B)  T helper cells 
C)  memory cells 
D)  antibodies 
E)  phagocytotic cells 
A)  plasma cells 
B)  T helper cells 
C)  memory cells 
D)  antibodies 
E)  phagocytotic cells

Question 8

During presentation of APC-bound antigen, macrophages and dendritic cells secrete the cytokine _______, which activates T helper cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  interleukin-1 
B)  interleukin-2 
C)  histamine 
D)  interferon 
A)  interleukin-1 
B)  interleukin-2 
C)  histamine 
D)  interferon

Question 9

Autoimmune disorders are characterized by immune destruction of self tissues. The underlying basis of these disorders is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  an oversecretion of antibodies from memory B cells 
B)  an overproduction of complement 
C)  a lack of immune tolerance 
D)  lack of an anamnestic response 
A)  an oversecretion of antibodies from memory B cells 
B)  an overproduction of complement 
C)  a lack of immune tolerance 
D)  lack of an anamnestic response

Question 10

The region of each antibody molecule where amino acid composition is highly diversiﬁed from one clone of B lymphocytes to another is the _______ region.

Accepted Answer

A)  joining 
B)  light 
C)  hinge 
D)  constant 
E)  variable 
A)  joining 
B)  light 
C)  hinge 
D)  constant 
E)  variable

Question 11

Destruction of lymphocytes with self-speciﬁcity is called _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  proliferation 
B)  clonal selection 
C)  hypersensitivity 
D)  clonal deletion 
E)  differentiation 
A)  proliferation 
B)  clonal selection 
C)  hypersensitivity 
D)  clonal deletion 
E)  differentiation

Question 12

The adaptive immune response differs from the innate response in that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the adaptive immune response targets speciﬁc immunogens and remembers them, mounting an even stronger response on subsequent encounters, whereas the innate
Response is nonspeciﬁc and has no memory 
B)  B and T lymphocytes can each target multiple proteins, whereas the innate response targets only a single type of antigen 
C)  the adaptive immune response involves physical barriers and nonspeciﬁc processes, whereas the innate immune response relies on the actions of B and T lymphocytes 
D)  the innate immune response targets a speciﬁc immunogen and remembers it to mount an even stronger response on subsequent encounters with that immunogen, whereas the 
A)  the adaptive immune response targets speciﬁc immunogens and remembers them, mounting an even stronger response on subsequent encounters, whereas the innate
Response is nonspeciﬁc and has no memory 
B)  B and T lymphocytes can each target multiple proteins, whereas the innate response targets only a single type of antigen 
C)  the adaptive immune response involves physical barriers and nonspeciﬁc processes, whereas the innate immune response relies on the actions of B and T lymphocytes 
D)  the innate immune response targets a speciﬁc immunogen and remembers it to mount an even stronger response on subsequent encounters with that immunogen, whereas the

Question 13

An activated TH cell produces _______, which is a growth factor for T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  interleukin-1 
B)  interleukin-2 
C)  interleukin-12 
D)  antiserum 
E)  complement 
A)  interleukin-1 
B)  interleukin-2 
C)  interleukin-12 
D)  antiserum 
E)  complement

Question 14

The most abundant class of antibodies in serum is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgE 
B)  IgD 
C)  IgA 
D)  IgM 
E)  IgG 
A)  IgE 
B)  IgD 
C)  IgA 
D)  IgM 
E)  IgG

Question 15

Which immunoglobulin class/es can ?x complement?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgM only 
B)  IgG only 
C)  IgD only 
D)  IgM and IgG 
E)  IgE and IgA 
A)  IgM only 
B)  IgG only 
C)  IgD only 
D)  IgM and IgG 
E)  IgE and IgA

Question 16

A foreign molecule that causes a speciﬁc immune response is a/an ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  marker 
B)  antibody 
C)  hapten 
D)  antigen 
E)  PAMP 
A)  marker 
B)  antibody 
C)  hapten 
D)  antigen 
E)  PAMP

Question 17

Small foreign molecules that are too small by themselves to elicit an immune response are termed ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  variable regions 
B)  epitopes 
C)  haptens 
D)  antigen binding sites 
A)  variable regions 
B)  epitopes 
C)  haptens 
D)  antigen binding sites

Question 18

Human B lymphocytes mature in an intestinal region called the bursa.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Lymphocyte maturation involves _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  hormonal signals that initiate development 
B)  B cells maturing in bone marrow sites 
C)  T cells maturing in the thymus 
D)  release of mature lymphocytes to begin migration to various lymphoid organs 
E)  All of these choices are correct. 
A)  hormonal signals that initiate development 
B)  B cells maturing in bone marrow sites 
C)  T cells maturing in the thymus 
D)  release of mature lymphocytes to begin migration to various lymphoid organs 
E)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 20

You do not really want to get your 3 children vaccinated. Your view is why do it when others around you will get the vaccine and end up protecting you and your children. Which is an accurate statement that your physician may provide to you in response to your challenge to vaccination?

Accepted Answer

A)  This is not a smart choice. If enough people choose not to get vaccinated, the susceptible population grows to a large size, breaking the protective effect of herd immunity. 
B)  Your choice is ?ne; your children will never become infected since this is actually the basis of herd immunity. 
C)  Your choice is ?ne; maybe you will change your mind when your child goes to college. 
D)  This is not a smart choice. You could face potential arrest for not vaccinating your child per the regulations of the U.S. government. 
A)  This is not a smart choice. If enough people choose not to get vaccinated, the susceptible population grows to a large size, breaking the protective effect of herd immunity. 
B)  Your choice is ?ne; your children will never become infected since this is actually the basis of herd immunity. 
C)  Your choice is ?ne; maybe you will change your mind when your child goes to college. 
D)  This is not a smart choice. You could face potential arrest for not vaccinating your child per the regulations of the U.S. government.

Exam 15: Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Which of the following is not true of the antigen-independent period of lymphocyte development?

An example of artiﬁcial active immunity would be _______.

Class I MHC genes code for _______.

The secondary response to an antigen is more rapid and robust than the primary response.

Clonal selection requires the presence of foreign antigens.

After secreting antibodies during an immune response, plasma cells then differentiate into memory cells.

Speciﬁc immunity provides long-lasting protection through the production of _______.

During presentation of APC-bound antigen, macrophages and dendritic cells secrete the cytokine _______, which activates T helper cells.

Autoimmune disorders are characterized by immune destruction of self tissues. The underlying basis of these disorders is _______.

The region of each antibody molecule where amino acid composition is highly diversiﬁed from one clone of B lymphocytes to another is the _______ region.

Destruction of lymphocytes with self-speciﬁcity is called _______.

The adaptive immune response differs from the innate response in that _______.

An activated TH cell produces _______, which is a growth factor for T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells.

The most abundant class of antibodies in serum is _______.

Which immunoglobulin class/es can ?x complement?

A foreign molecule that causes a speciﬁc immune response is a/an ______.

Small foreign molecules that are too small by themselves to elicit an immune response are termed ________.

Human B lymphocytes mature in an intestinal region called the bursa.

Lymphocyte maturation involves _______.

You do not really want to get your 3 children vaccinated. Your view is why do it when others around you will get the vaccine and end up protecting you and your children. Which is an accurate statement that your physician may provide to you in response to your challenge to vaccination?

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viruses and Prions

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Analysis and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

Filters