Question 1

MHC molecules are found on all of the following cells except ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  red blood cells 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  leukocytes 
D)  islet of Langerhans cells 
E)  epithelial cells 
A)  red blood cells 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  leukocytes 
D)  islet of Langerhans cells 
E)  epithelial cells

Question 2

The molecular fragment on an antigen molecule that a lymphocyte recognizes and responds to is called a/an _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  epitope 
B)  antigen binding site 
C)  variable region 
D)  hapten 
A)  epitope 
B)  antigen binding site 
C)  variable region 
D)  hapten

Question 3

The third line of defense against foreign invaders can be described as having _______ and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  speciﬁcity; memory 
B)  complexity; versatility 
C)  diversity; barriers 
D)  surveillance; complexity 
A)  speciﬁcity; memory 
B)  complexity; versatility 
C)  diversity; barriers 
D)  surveillance; complexity

Question 4

The ability of TC cells to initiate apoptosis in virally-infected cells and cancer cells is dependent on their ability to produce ________ and ________; proteins that punch holes in the target cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A)  interleukin-1; interleukin-2 
B)  perforin; granzyme 
C)  interferon; interleukins 
D)  antibodies; interferons 
A)  interleukin-1; interleukin-2 
B)  perforin; granzyme 
C)  interferon; interleukins 
D)  antibodies; interferons

Question 5

The hinge region of an antibody has a hypervariable amino acid region where the antigenic determinant ?ts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which process involves antibodies cross-linking cells or particles into large aggregates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Opsonization 
B)  Complement ﬁxation 
C)  Agglutination 
D)  Neutralization 
E)  Anamnestic response 
A)  Opsonization 
B)  Complement ﬁxation 
C)  Agglutination 
D)  Neutralization 
E)  Anamnestic response

Question 7

High titers of speci?c antibodies are characteristic of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  toxoids 
B)  speci?c immune globulin (SIG) 
C)  gamma globulin 
D)  attenuated vaccines 
E)  immune serum globulin (ISG) 
A)  toxoids 
B)  speci?c immune globulin (SIG) 
C)  gamma globulin 
D)  attenuated vaccines 
E)  immune serum globulin (ISG)

Question 8

B cell receptors differ from T cell receptors in that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  B cell receptors are comprised of four polypeptides, whereas T cell receptors have only two polypeptides in their quaternary structure 
B)  B cell receptors have two antigen binding sites, whereas T cell receptors have only one antigen binding site 
C)  B cell receptors are immunoglobulin in nature, whereas T cell receptors are not immunoglobulin molecules 
D)  B cell receptor immunoglobulins can be secreted as antibodies, whereas T cell receptors are never secreted 
E)  All of the choices represent differences between B cell and T cell receptors. 
A)  B cell receptors are comprised of four polypeptides, whereas T cell receptors have only two polypeptides in their quaternary structure 
B)  B cell receptors have two antigen binding sites, whereas T cell receptors have only one antigen binding site 
C)  B cell receptors are immunoglobulin in nature, whereas T cell receptors are not immunoglobulin molecules 
D)  B cell receptor immunoglobulins can be secreted as antibodies, whereas T cell receptors are never secreted 
E)  All of the choices represent differences between B cell and T cell receptors.

Question 9

Vaccinia virus is often used in the technique to make _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies to toxin 
B)  an adjuvant 
C)  gamma globulin 
D)  a booster 
E)  a "Trojan horse" recombinant vaccine 
A)  antibodies to toxin 
B)  an adjuvant 
C)  gamma globulin 
D)  a booster 
E)  a "Trojan horse" recombinant vaccine

Question 10

Edward Jenner's work involved _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  immunization using a related, less pathogenic organism to give protection against a more pathogenic one 
B)  development of passive immunotherapy 
C)  development of an immunization to protect people against cowpox 
D)  inoculation of dried pus from smallpox pustules into a person to stimulate immunity 
A)  immunization using a related, less pathogenic organism to give protection against a more pathogenic one 
B)  development of passive immunotherapy 
C)  development of an immunization to protect people against cowpox 
D)  inoculation of dried pus from smallpox pustules into a person to stimulate immunity

Question 11

A cytotoxic T lymphocyte, having been activated against a particular viral antigen, "sees" this same antigen displayed on the surface of a host cell. What will happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cytotoxic body cell will activate B cells which then produce antibody against the antigen. 
B)  The cytotoxic T cell will produce antibodies against the antigen. 
C)  The antigen will move inside of the host body cell, thereby hiding from the cytotoxic T cell. 
D)  The cytotoxic T cell will produce proteins that cause the host body cell to die. 
A)  The cytotoxic body cell will activate B cells which then produce antibody against the antigen. 
B)  The cytotoxic T cell will produce antibodies against the antigen. 
C)  The antigen will move inside of the host body cell, thereby hiding from the cytotoxic T cell. 
D)  The cytotoxic T cell will produce proteins that cause the host body cell to die.

Question 12

Which of the statements below represents the correct order of events in the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymphocyte development, antigen presentation, lymphocyte challenge, lymphocyte response 
B)  Lymphocyte challenge, antigen presentation, lymphocyte development, lymphocyte response 
C)  Antigen presentation, lymphocyte challenge, lymphocyte development, lymphocyte response 
D)  Antigen presentation, lymphocyte development, lymphocyte challenge, lymphocyte response 
A)  Lymphocyte development, antigen presentation, lymphocyte challenge, lymphocyte response 
B)  Lymphocyte challenge, antigen presentation, lymphocyte development, lymphocyte response 
C)  Antigen presentation, lymphocyte challenge, lymphocyte development, lymphocyte response 
D)  Antigen presentation, lymphocyte development, lymphocyte challenge, lymphocyte response

Question 13

The embryonic yolk sac, the liver, and the bone marrow are sites where _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  antigen is ﬁltered from tissue ﬂuid 
B)  antigen is ﬁltered from the blood 
C)  T lymphocytes complete maturation 
D)  stem cells give rise to immature lymphocytes 
E)  immune responses to antigen occur 
A)  antigen is ﬁltered from tissue ﬂuid 
B)  antigen is ﬁltered from the blood 
C)  T lymphocytes complete maturation 
D)  stem cells give rise to immature lymphocytes 
E)  immune responses to antigen occur

Question 14

The antibody-secreting progeny cells of a B-cell clone are called _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies 
B)  bursa cells 
C)  plasma cells 
D)  sensitized T cells 
E)  activated macrophages 
A)  antibodies 
B)  bursa cells 
C)  plasma cells 
D)  sensitized T cells 
E)  activated macrophages

Question 15

Which of the following is not a property of B cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are low numbers circulating in the blood. 
B)  They require antigen presented with MHC proteins. 
C)  They mature in the bone marrow. 
D)  They have receptors called immunoglobulins. 
E)  They produce plasma cells and memory cells. 
A)  There are low numbers circulating in the blood. 
B)  They require antigen presented with MHC proteins. 
C)  They mature in the bone marrow. 
D)  They have receptors called immunoglobulins. 
E)  They produce plasma cells and memory cells.

Question 16

An example of natural active immunity would be _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  chickenpox vaccine triggering extended immunity to chickenpox 
B)  chickenpox infection, followed by lifelong immunity 
C)  giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease 
D)  a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta 
A)  chickenpox vaccine triggering extended immunity to chickenpox 
B)  chickenpox infection, followed by lifelong immunity 
C)  giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease 
D)  a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta

Question 17

Not all phagocytic cells are antigen-presenting cells. B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells differ from neutrophils in that they synthesize _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  MHC-II receptors 
B)  interleukin-2 
C)  MHC-I receptors 
D)  CD8 receptors 
E)  CD4 receptors 
A)  MHC-II receptors 
B)  interleukin-2 
C)  MHC-I receptors 
D)  CD8 receptors 
E)  CD4 receptors

Question 18

The most signiﬁcant cells in graft rejection are _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  delayed hypersensitivity T cells 
B)  natural killer (NK) cells 
C)  suppressor T cells 
D)  helper T cells 
E)  cytotoxic T cells 
A)  delayed hypersensitivity T cells 
B)  natural killer (NK) cells 
C)  suppressor T cells 
D)  helper T cells 
E)  cytotoxic T cells

Question 19

Immunotherapy is the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  use of antitoxins 
B)  use of immune serum globulin 
C)  conferring of passive immunity 
D)  administering of preformed antibodies 
E)  All of these choices are correct. 
A)  use of antitoxins 
B)  use of immune serum globulin 
C)  conferring of passive immunity 
D)  administering of preformed antibodies 
E)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 20

The major histocompatibility complex is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  a set of glycoproteins, called MHC antigens, found on all body cells 
B)  a set of genes that code for MHC glycoproteins 
C)  found on the third chromosome 
D)  located in the thymus gland 
E)  All of these choices are correct. 
A)  a set of glycoproteins, called MHC antigens, found on all body cells 
B)  a set of genes that code for MHC glycoproteins 
C)  found on the third chromosome 
D)  located in the thymus gland 
E)  All of these choices are correct.

Exam 15: Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

MHC molecules are found on all of the following cells except ______.

The molecular fragment on an antigen molecule that a lymphocyte recognizes and responds to is called a/an _______.

The third line of defense against foreign invaders can be described as having _______ and ________.

The ability of TC cells to initiate apoptosis in virally-infected cells and cancer cells is dependent on their ability to produce ________ and ________; proteins that punch holes in the target cell membrane.

The hinge region of an antibody has a hypervariable amino acid region where the antigenic determinant ?ts.

Which process involves antibodies cross-linking cells or particles into large aggregates?

High titers of speci?c antibodies are characteristic of _______.

B cell receptors differ from T cell receptors in that _______.

Vaccinia virus is often used in the technique to make _______.

Edward Jenner's work involved _______.

A cytotoxic T lymphocyte, having been activated against a particular viral antigen, "sees" this same antigen displayed on the surface of a host cell. What will happen?

Which of the statements below represents the correct order of events in the adaptive immune response?

The embryonic yolk sac, the liver, and the bone marrow are sites where _______.

The antibody-secreting progeny cells of a B-cell clone are called _______.

Which of the following is not a property of B cells?

An example of natural active immunity would be _______.

Not all phagocytic cells are antigen-presenting cells. B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells differ from neutrophils in that they synthesize _______.

The most signiﬁcant cells in graft rejection are _______.

Immunotherapy is the _______.

The major histocompatibility complex is _______.

The Main Themes of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Biology

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viruses and Prions

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism: the Chemical Crossroads of Life

Microbial Genetics

Genetic Analysis and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

Microbes and the Environment

Applied Microbiology and Food and Water Safety

Filters

The third line of defense against foreign invaders can be described as having _ and __.

The ability of TC cells to initiate apoptosis in virally-infected cells and cancer cells is dependent on their ability to produce and ; proteins that punch holes in the target cell membrane.