Question 1

According to the working memory model developed by British psychologist Alan Baddeley, the "phonological loop":

Accepted Answer

A) controls attention, integrates information, and initiates retrieval. 
B) is involved in organizing information in a complex network. 
C) is specialized for spatial and visual material. 
D) is specialized for verbal material. 
A) controls attention, integrates information, and initiates retrieval. 
B) is involved in organizing information in a complex network. 
C) is specialized for spatial and visual material. 
D) is specialized for verbal material.

Question 2

"Okay, your recital is next Saturday night," Candy reminded her piano student. "You're doing great but for the next couple of days, I want you to practice by starting with the middle third of the piece until you've got it down perfectly." As apiano teacher, Candy is trying to help her student counteract which of the following memory tendencies?

Accepted Answer

A) imagination inflation 
B) source confusion 
C) proactive interference 
D) the serial position effect 
A) imagination inflation 
B) source confusion 
C) proactive interference 
D) the serial position effect

Question 3

In the brain, complex memories are localized to one group of neurons in the frontal lobes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Maintenance rehearsal:

Accepted Answer

A) keeps information in long-term memory organized. 
B) helps encode information for storage in long-term memory. 
C) is a common strategy for holding information in sensory memory. 
D) is a common strategy for holding information in short-term memory. 
A) keeps information in long-term memory organized. 
B) helps encode information for storage in long-term memory. 
C) is a common strategy for holding information in sensory memory. 
D) is a common strategy for holding information in short-term memory.

Question 5

There appear to be clear anatomical and functional divisions in biological systems supporting memory that that correspond well to the divisions of the cognitive "stage model" of memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

When asked to define the learning concept negative reinforcement, Hannah replied, "Negative reinforcement iswhen you perform a behavior that stops or lets you avoid an unpleasant stimulus, so you're more likely to repeat the behavior when you encounter the same unpleasant stimulus inthe future." Hannah's answer reflects which category of long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

A) implicit memory 
B) procedural memory 
C) episodic memory 
D) semantic memory 
A) implicit memory 
B) procedural memory 
C) episodic memory 
D) semantic memory

Question 7

A small number of people (about one out of six) are unusually prone to déjà vu experiences, averaging about one a month.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

It was the pioneering research of George Sperling that identified the basic features of sensory memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Brandon vividly remembers when he had to go to the emergency room for stitches on his left thigh. This is an example of which type of long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

A) procedural memory 
B) semantic memory 
C) spatial memory 
D) episodic memory 
A) procedural memory 
B) semantic memory 
C) spatial memory 
D) episodic memory

Question 10

Contemporary research suggests that complex memories are distributed throughout the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In the stage model of memory, the first stage is called sensory memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The basic premise of repressed memory therapy or recovered memory therapy is that:

Accepted Answer

A) adult psychological problems are often due to sexual abuse in childhood, and memories of the childhood abuse have been repressed. 
B) memories can be changed through hypnosis and suggestion. 
C) people can be trained or taught to actively suppress traumatic memories, which will result in improved psychological functioning. 
D) adult psychological problems are usually due to clear and vivid memories of childhood sexual abuse that are difficult to actively suppress. 
A) adult psychological problems are often due to sexual abuse in childhood, and memories of the childhood abuse have been repressed. 
B) memories can be changed through hypnosis and suggestion. 
C) people can be trained or taught to actively suppress traumatic memories, which will result in improved psychological functioning. 
D) adult psychological problems are usually due to clear and vivid memories of childhood sexual abuse that are difficult to actively suppress.

Question 13

According to the stage model of memory:

Accepted Answer

A) the capacity to remember changes with each age and stage of the lifespan. 
B) memory consists of the stages of maintenance rehearsal, elaborative rehearsal, and clustering. 
C) memories evolve in stages from simple memories to complex memories. 
D) memory involves the stages of sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. 
A) the capacity to remember changes with each age and stage of the lifespan. 
B) memory consists of the stages of maintenance rehearsal, elaborative rehearsal, and clustering. 
C) memories evolve in stages from simple memories to complex memories. 
D) memory involves the stages of sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Question 14

While trying to recall a list of items in correct order, the tendency to remember the first items in the list is called _____while the tendency to remember the last items in the list is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A) source monitoring; source confusion 
B) the primacy effect; the recency effect 
C) proactive recall; retroactive recall 
D) the recency effect; the primacy effect 
A) source monitoring; source confusion 
B) the primacy effect; the recency effect 
C) proactive recall; retroactive recall 
D) the recency effect; the primacy effect

Question 15

In Baddeley's model of working memory, one component called the _____ is specialized for verbal material, such as listsof numbers or words.

Accepted Answer

A) visuospatial sketchpad 
B) semantic network 
C) phonological loop 
D) central executive 
A) visuospatial sketchpad 
B) semantic network 
C) phonological loop 
D) central executive

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the effectiveness ofretrieval cues is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Retrieval cues work better with procedural memories than with semantic long-term memories. 
B) Short-term memory is usually nondeclarative unless prompted by retrieval cues. 
C) Short-term memory is no different than long-term memory except in the types of retrieval cues. 
D) With the right retrieval cue, people can often access stored information that seemed to be inaccessible 
A) Retrieval cues work better with procedural memories than with semantic long-term memories. 
B) Short-term memory is usually nondeclarative unless prompted by retrieval cues. 
C) Short-term memory is no different than long-term memory except in the types of retrieval cues. 
D) With the right retrieval cue, people can often access stored information that seemed to be inaccessible

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of the encoding specificity principle?

Accepted Answer

A) mood congruence 
B) imagination inflation 
C) long-term potentiation 
D) source confusion 
A) mood congruence 
B) imagination inflation 
C) long-term potentiation 
D) source confusion

Question 18

Brain-imaging studies have confirmed that performing acomplex memory task involves only a single region of the brain, the hippocampus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

George Miller's classic experiment suggested that short-termmemory has a capacity of about seven bits of information, plusor minus two.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The notion of "imagination inflation" is the idea that over the course of time, people "inflate" the importance of their own behavior in determining the course of events over their lifetime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

According to the working memory model developed by British psychologist Alan Baddeley, the "phonological loop":

In the brain, complex memories are localized to one group of neurons in the frontal lobes.

Maintenance rehearsal:

There appear to be clear anatomical and functional divisions in biological systems supporting memory that that correspond well to the divisions of the cognitive "stage model" of memory.

A small number of people (about one out of six) are unusually prone to déjà vu experiences, averaging about one a month.

It was the pioneering research of George Sperling that identified the basic features of sensory memory.

Brandon vividly remembers when he had to go to the emergency room for stitches on his left thigh. This is an example of which type of long-term memory?

Contemporary research suggests that complex memories are distributed throughout the brain.

In the stage model of memory, the first stage is called sensory memory.

The basic premise of repressed memory therapy or recovered memory therapy is that:

According to the stage model of memory:

While trying to recall a list of items in correct order, the tendency to remember the first items in the list is called _while the tendency to remember the last items in the list is called _.

In Baddeley's model of working memory, one component called the _____ is specialized for verbal material, such as listsof numbers or words.

Which of the following statements about the effectiveness ofretrieval cues is TRUE?

Which of the following is an example of the encoding specificity principle?

Brain-imaging studies have confirmed that performing acomplex memory task involves only a single region of the brain, the hippocampus.

George Miller's classic experiment suggested that short-termmemory has a capacity of about seven bits of information, plusor minus two.

The notion of "imagination inflation" is the idea that over the course of time, people "inflate" the importance of their own behavior in determining the course of events over their lifetime.

Introductionand Research Methods

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Thinking Language,and Intelegance

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress Health and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Exam 6: Memory

According to the working memory model developed by British psychologist Alan Baddeley, the "phonological loop":

In the brain, complex memories are localized to one group of neurons in the frontal lobes.

Maintenance rehearsal:

There appear to be clear anatomical and functional divisions in biological systems supporting memory that that correspond well to the divisions of the cognitive "stage model" of memory.

A small number of people (about one out of six) are unusually prone to déjà vu experiences, averaging about one a month.

It was the pioneering research of George Sperling that identified the basic features of sensory memory.

Brandon vividly remembers when he had to go to the emergency room for stitches on his left thigh. This is an example of which type of long-term memory?

Contemporary research suggests that complex memories are distributed throughout the brain.

In the stage model of memory, the first stage is called sensory memory.

The basic premise of repressed memory therapy or recovered memory therapy is that:

According to the stage model of memory:

While trying to recall a list of items in correct order, the tendency to remember the first items in the list is called _____while the tendency to remember the last items in the list is called _____.

In Baddeley's model of working memory, one component called the _____ is specialized for verbal material, such as listsof numbers or words.

Which of the following statements about the effectiveness ofretrieval cues is TRUE?

Which of the following is an example of the encoding specificity principle?

Brain-imaging studies have confirmed that performing acomplex memory task involves only a single region of the brain, the hippocampus.

George Miller's classic experiment suggested that short-termmemory has a capacity of about seven bits of information, plusor minus two.

The notion of "imagination inflation" is the idea that over the course of time, people "inflate" the importance of their own behavior in determining the course of events over their lifetime.

Introductionand Research Methods

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Thinking Language,and Intelegance

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress Health and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

While trying to recall a list of items in correct order, the tendency to remember the first items in the list is called _while the tendency to remember the last items in the list is called _.