Question 1

If you cannot remember which United States president is pictured on a $5 bill, the reason is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A) interference. 
B) encoding failure. 
C) decay. 
D) motivated forgetting. 
A) interference. 
B) encoding failure. 
C) decay. 
D) motivated forgetting.

Question 2

You can keep information in short-term memory beyond theusual 20-second duration by:

Accepted Answer

A) engaging in maintenance rehearsal. 
B) using clustering. 
C) engaging in chunking. 
D) using imagination inflation. 
A) engaging in maintenance rehearsal. 
B) using clustering. 
C) engaging in chunking. 
D) using imagination inflation.

Question 3

Explicit memory:

Accepted Answer

A) is also known as nondeclarative memory. 
B) is a category of long-term memory that includes memories of different skills, operations, and actions. 
C) can be defined as memory with awareness 
D) can be defined as memory without awareness. 
A) is also known as nondeclarative memory. 
B) is a category of long-term memory that includes memories of different skills, operations, and actions. 
C) can be defined as memory with awareness 
D) can be defined as memory without awareness.

Question 4

When Aplysia learns a simple, classically conditioned response,structural and functional changes in the three neuronsinvolved create a memory circuit that eventually becomes established as a long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Iconic memory and echoic memory are both types of sensory memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The basic idea of the semantic network model is that activating one concept, such as the word "dog," can trigger the activation of other concepts that are associated with it, such asthe words "cat," "hound," or "pound."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) experiences:

Accepted Answer

A) are not universal and occur in only a relatively few cultures. 
B) tend to be more common among older adults than younger adults. 
C) clearly illustrate the point that memory retrieval is an all- or-nothing process. 
D) are frustrating for most people who experience them because only about 10 percent of TOT experiences are resolved. 
A) are not universal and occur in only a relatively few cultures. 
B) tend to be more common among older adults than younger adults. 
C) clearly illustrate the point that memory retrieval is an all- or-nothing process. 
D) are frustrating for most people who experience them because only about 10 percent of TOT experiences are resolved.

Question 8

The terms schema and engram mean the same thing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Sigmund Freud believed that even though a person is not consciously aware of repressed memories, they can influencethe person's behavior and personality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Although there is ample evidence that information in long-term memory is clustered and associated, memory researchers still do not completely understand how information is organized in long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Memory is formally defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) the mental processes that enable us to acquire, retain, and retrieve information. 
B) a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of past experience. 
C) a mental category that is formed by learning the rules or features that define it. 
D) the global capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with the environment. 
A) the mental processes that enable us to acquire, retain, and retrieve information. 
B) a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of past experience. 
C) a mental category that is formed by learning the rules or features that define it. 
D) the global capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with the environment.

Question 12

The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve shows that:

Accepted Answer

A) almost everything we learn is eventually forgotten. 
B) the amount of forgetting eventually levels off 
C) much of what we learn is forgotten very quickly. 
D) there is a linear relationship between time and forgetting 
A) almost everything we learn is eventually forgotten. 
B) the amount of forgetting eventually levels off 
C) much of what we learn is forgotten very quickly. 
D) there is a linear relationship between time and forgetting

Question 13

Psychologist Elizabeth Loftus had participants in one study watch a film about an auto accident, write a description of the accident, and then answer a series of questions, which were different for different groups of participants. A week later, the participants were questioned again. What was one basic finding of the study?

Accepted Answer

A) Participants who were asked how fast the cars were going when they "contacted each other" gave the highest speed estimates. 
B) Participants who had themselves been in auto accidents confused details of their own accidents with details from the film, an example of source confusion. 
C) Participants who were shown photographs of the drivers and passengers had more vivid memories of the accident than participants who did not see photographs, an example of imagination inflation. 
D) Participants who were asked how fast the cars were going when they "smashed into each other" mistakenly remembered seeing broken glass in the film, an example of the misinformation effect. 
A) Participants who were asked how fast the cars were going when they "contacted each other" gave the highest speed estimates. 
B) Participants who had themselves been in auto accidents confused details of their own accidents with details from the film, an example of source confusion. 
C) Participants who were shown photographs of the drivers and passengers had more vivid memories of the accident than participants who did not see photographs, an example of imagination inflation. 
D) Participants who were asked how fast the cars were going when they "smashed into each other" mistakenly remembered seeing broken glass in the film, an example of the misinformation effect.

Question 14

Source confusion is a common cause of false memories.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In both the "professor's office" study and the study about"Jack" performing everyday activities, participants experienced compelling false memories about details that would have been consistent with the situation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

One important memory process is encoding, or the transforming of information into a form that can be retained by the memory system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Implicit memory is also referred to as nondeclarative memory because it consists of memories of which we are not consciously aware.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The capacity of short-term memory is virtually limitless.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The amount of information that can be held in long-termmemory:

Accepted Answer

A) depends on the amount of maintenance rehearsal performed on the information. 
B) seems to be limitless. 
C) is seven items or bits of information, plus or minus two. 
D) is four items or bits of information, plus or minus one. 
A) depends on the amount of maintenance rehearsal performed on the information. 
B) seems to be limitless. 
C) is seven items or bits of information, plus or minus two. 
D) is four items or bits of information, plus or minus one.

Question 20

When you are in a positive mood, you are more likely to recall positive memories. This phenomenon is referred to as _____and it is one form that _____ can take.

Accepted Answer

A) source amnesia; source monitoring 
B) mood congruence; the encoding specificity principle 
C) inattentional blindness; encoding failure 
D) mood congruence; long-term potentiation 
A) source amnesia; source monitoring 
B) mood congruence; the encoding specificity principle 
C) inattentional blindness; encoding failure 
D) mood congruence; long-term potentiation

If you cannot remember which United States president is pictured on a $5 bill, the reason is most likely:

You can keep information in short-term memory beyond theusual 20-second duration by:

Explicit memory:

When Aplysia learns a simple, classically conditioned response,structural and functional changes in the three neuronsinvolved create a memory circuit that eventually becomes established as a long-term memory.

Iconic memory and echoic memory are both types of sensory memory.

The basic idea of the semantic network model is that activating one concept, such as the word "dog," can trigger the activation of other concepts that are associated with it, such asthe words "cat," "hound," or "pound."

Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) experiences:

The terms schema and engram mean the same thing.

Sigmund Freud believed that even though a person is not consciously aware of repressed memories, they can influencethe person's behavior and personality.

Although there is ample evidence that information in long-term memory is clustered and associated, memory researchers still do not completely understand how information is organized in long-term memory.

Memory is formally defined as:

The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve shows that:

Source confusion is a common cause of false memories.

In both the "professor's office" study and the study about"Jack" performing everyday activities, participants experienced compelling false memories about details that would have been consistent with the situation.

One important memory process is encoding, or the transforming of information into a form that can be retained by the memory system.

Implicit memory is also referred to as nondeclarative memory because it consists of memories of which we are not consciously aware.

The capacity of short-term memory is virtually limitless.

The amount of information that can be held in long-termmemory:

When you are in a positive mood, you are more likely to recall positive memories. This phenomenon is referred to as _and it is one form that _ can take.

Introductionand Research Methods

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Thinking Language,and Intelegance

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress Health and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Exam 6: Memory

If you cannot remember which United States president is pictured on a $5 bill, the reason is most likely:

You can keep information in short-term memory beyond theusual 20-second duration by:

Explicit memory:

When Aplysia learns a simple, classically conditioned response,structural and functional changes in the three neuronsinvolved create a memory circuit that eventually becomes established as a long-term memory.

Iconic memory and echoic memory are both types of sensory memory.

The basic idea of the semantic network model is that activating one concept, such as the word "dog," can trigger the activation of other concepts that are associated with it, such asthe words "cat," "hound," or "pound."

Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) experiences:

The terms schema and engram mean the same thing.

Sigmund Freud believed that even though a person is not consciously aware of repressed memories, they can influencethe person's behavior and personality.

Although there is ample evidence that information in long-term memory is clustered and associated, memory researchers still do not completely understand how information is organized in long-term memory.

Memory is formally defined as:

The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve shows that:

Source confusion is a common cause of false memories.

In both the "professor's office" study and the study about"Jack" performing everyday activities, participants experienced compelling false memories about details that would have been consistent with the situation.

One important memory process is encoding, or the transforming of information into a form that can be retained by the memory system.

Implicit memory is also referred to as nondeclarative memory because it consists of memories of which we are not consciously aware.

The capacity of short-term memory is virtually limitless.

The amount of information that can be held in long-termmemory:

When you are in a positive mood, you are more likely to recall positive memories. This phenomenon is referred to as _____and it is one form that _____ can take.

Introductionand Research Methods

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Thinking Language,and Intelegance

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress Health and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

When you are in a positive mood, you are more likely to recall positive memories. This phenomenon is referred to as _and it is one form that _ can take.