Question 1

Shaping

Accepted Answer

A)  is associated with the work of Skinner 
B)  is also known as the "method of approximations" 
C)  can teach skills little by little 
D)  all of the above 
A)  is associated with the work of Skinner 
B)  is also known as the "method of approximations" 
C)  can teach skills little by little 
D)  all of the above D

Question 2

Shaping

Accepted Answer

A)  is technically similar to negative reinforcement 
B)  is a method of small steps 
C)  is the method for getting the organism "in shape" for the experiment 
D)  is a form of punishment 
A)  is technically similar to negative reinforcement 
B)  is a method of small steps 
C)  is the method for getting the organism "in shape" for the experiment 
D)  is a form of punishment B

Question 3

According to the text, the most basic difference between Skinner and the developmentalists has to do with

Accepted Answer

A)  the issue of stages 
B)  the source of developmental change-inner or outer 
C)  the continuity-discontinuity issue 
D)  the importance of emotions in the developmental process 
A)  the issue of stages 
B)  the source of developmental change-inner or outer 
C)  the continuity-discontinuity issue 
D)  the importance of emotions in the developmental process B

Question 4

A basic principle of operant conditioning is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the CS is the most powerful variable 
B)  irradiation occurs 
C)  behavior is governed by its consequences 
D)  all of the above 
A)  the CS is the most powerful variable 
B)  irradiation occurs 
C)  behavior is governed by its consequences 
D)  all of the above

Question 5

Responses that are intermittently rather than continuously reinforced are

Accepted Answer

A)  less likely to generalize 
B)  less subject to negative reinforcement 
C)  more difficult to extinguish 
D)  all of the above 
A)  less likely to generalize 
B)  less subject to negative reinforcement 
C)  more difficult to extinguish 
D)  all of the above

Question 6

The text indicates how Skinner discussed emotions as the effects of

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement schedules 
B)  shaping 
C)  discriminative stimuli 
D)  behavior chains 
A)  reinforcement schedules 
B)  shaping 
C)  discriminative stimuli 
D)  behavior chains

Question 7

In operant conditioning

Accepted Answer

A)  the initial stimuli are always known 
B)  the organism is often strapped to ensure reliable behavior 
C)  a key measure of conditioning is the rate of response 
D)  delayed reinforcement is highly effective 
A)  the initial stimuli are always known 
B)  the organism is often strapped to ensure reliable behavior 
C)  a key measure of conditioning is the rate of response 
D)  delayed reinforcement is highly effective

Question 8

Skinner argued that internal events such as thoughts

Accepted Answer

A)  have no place in behaviorism 
B)  should only be studied if they can be observed and measured 
C)  are less important than Pavlov said they are 
D)  are less important than Watson said they are 
A)  have no place in behaviorism 
B)  should only be studied if they can be observed and measured 
C)  are less important than Pavlov said they are 
D)  are less important than Watson said they are

Question 9

Skinner's programmed instruction seemed to agree with Montessori's belief in

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitive periods 
B)  an innate language mechanism 
C)  the use of sensory materials 
D)  making learning a positive experience 
A)  sensitive periods 
B)  an innate language mechanism 
C)  the use of sensory materials 
D)  making learning a positive experience

Question 10

Classical conditioning is attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)  Bandura 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Pavlov 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Bandura 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Pavlov 
D)  all of the above

Question 11

J. B. Watson

Accepted Answer

A)  applied classical conditioning to child development 
B)  said there are no innate emotions 
C)  provided new insights into the role of discriminative stimuli 
D)  all of the above 
A)  applied classical conditioning to child development 
B)  said there are no innate emotions 
C)  provided new insights into the role of discriminative stimuli 
D)  all of the above

Question 12

"Constraints" on learning refer to the finding that

Accepted Answer

A)  organisms are constrained by stimuli and reinforcement 
B)  organisms are constrained by reflexive responses 
C)  in classical conditioning, animals are less free than in operant conditioning 
D)  organisms learn some things more readily than others 
A)  organisms are constrained by stimuli and reinforcement 
B)  organisms are constrained by reflexive responses 
C)  in classical conditioning, animals are less free than in operant conditioning 
D)  organisms learn some things more readily than others

Question 13

In light of problems posed by the concept of drive, Premack, one of Skinner's followers, proposes we consider reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A)  in terms of the length of extinction 
B)  in terms of the power of discriminative stimuli 
C)  as ratios between positive and negative reinforcement 
D)  as the momentary probability of a response 
A)  in terms of the length of extinction 
B)  in terms of the power of discriminative stimuli 
C)  as ratios between positive and negative reinforcement 
D)  as the momentary probability of a response

Question 14

Since the 1960s, strict Skinnerian theory has lost much popularity because psychologists have become increasingly interested in

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive events 
B)  drive theories of motivation 
C)  classical conditioning of emotions 
D)  psychoanalytic theory 
A)  cognitive events 
B)  drive theories of motivation 
C)  classical conditioning of emotions 
D)  psychoanalytic theory

Question 15

Classical conditioning deals with

Accepted Answer

A)  the pairing of stimuli that precede responses 
B)  conditioning of reflexes and innate behavior 
C)  extinction 
D)  all of the above 
A)  the pairing of stimuli that precede responses 
B)  conditioning of reflexes and innate behavior 
C)  extinction 
D)  all of the above

Question 16

In Skinner's view, punishment

Accepted Answer

A)  can also be called negative reinforcement 
B)  often produces unwanted side effects 
C)  is an effective way to eliminate attention-getting behavior 
D)  is rare in the modern world 
A)  can also be called negative reinforcement 
B)  often produces unwanted side effects 
C)  is an effective way to eliminate attention-getting behavior 
D)  is rare in the modern world

Question 17

Skinner's attitude toward the theory of natural selection seemed basically

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  mixed 
D)  unclear 
A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  mixed 
D)  unclear

Shaping

Shaping

According to the text, the most basic difference between Skinner and the developmentalists has to do with

A basic principle of operant conditioning is that

Responses that are intermittently rather than continuously reinforced are

The text indicates how Skinner discussed emotions as the effects of

In operant conditioning

Skinner argued that internal events such as thoughts

Skinner's programmed instruction seemed to agree with Montessori's belief in

Classical conditioning is attributed to

J. B. Watson

"Constraints" on learning refer to the finding that

In light of problems posed by the concept of drive, Premack, one of Skinner's followers, proposes we consider reinforcement

Since the 1960s, strict Skinnerian theory has lost much popularity because psychologists have become increasingly interested in

Classical conditioning deals with

In Skinner's view, punishment

Skinner's attitude toward the theory of natural selection seemed basically

Early Theories: Preformationism, Locke, and Rousseau

Gesells Maturational Theory

Ethological Theories: Darwin, Lorenz, Tinbergen, and Bowlby and Ainsworth

Montessoris Educational Philosophy

Werners Organismic and Comparative Theory

Piagets Cognitive-Developmental Theory

Kohlbergs Stages of Moral Development

Banduras Social Learning Theory

Vygotskys Social-Historical Theory of Cognitive Development

Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory

Erikson and the Eight Stages of Life

Mahlers Separationindividuation Theory

Bettelheim on Autism

Schachtel on Childhood Experiences

Jungs Theory of Adulthood

Chomksys Theory of Language Development

Conclusion: Humanistic Psychology and Developmental Theory

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Exam 8: Learning Theory: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner

Shaping

Shaping

According to the text, the most basic difference between Skinner and the developmentalists has to do with

A basic principle of operant conditioning is that

Responses that are intermittently rather than continuously reinforced are

The text indicates how Skinner discussed emotions as the effects of

In operant conditioning

Skinner argued that internal events such as thoughts

Skinner's programmed instruction seemed to agree with Montessori's belief in

Classical conditioning is attributed to

J. B. Watson

"Constraints" on learning refer to the finding that

In light of problems posed by the concept of drive, Premack, one of Skinner's followers, proposes we consider reinforcement

Since the 1960s, strict Skinnerian theory has lost much popularity because psychologists have become increasingly interested in

Classical conditioning deals with

In Skinner's view, punishment

Skinner's attitude toward the theory of natural selection seemed basically

Early Theories: Preformationism, Locke, and Rousseau

Gesells Maturational Theory

Ethological Theories: Darwin, Lorenz, Tinbergen, and Bowlby and Ainsworth

Montessoris Educational Philosophy

Werners Organismic and Comparative Theory

Piagets Cognitive-Developmental Theory

Kohlbergs Stages of Moral Development

Banduras Social Learning Theory

Vygotskys Social-Historical Theory of Cognitive Development

Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory

Erikson and the Eight Stages of Life

Mahlers Separationindividuation Theory

Bettelheim on Autism

Schachtel on Childhood Experiences

Jungs Theory of Adulthood

Chomksys Theory of Language Development

Conclusion: Humanistic Psychology and Developmental Theory

Filters