Question 1

According to Bowlby, a human baby crawling after a parent

Accepted Answer

A)  is following innate, evolved tendencies 
B)  has "imprinted" on the parent 
C)  is attached to the parent 
D)  all of the above 
A)  is following innate, evolved tendencies 
B)  has "imprinted" on the parent 
C)  is attached to the parent 
D)  all of the above D

Question 2

In Bolwby's scheme, which does not begin in the same phase of attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)  crying out for a departing parent 
B)  babbling 
C)  separation anxiety 
D)  stranger anxiety 
A)  crying out for a departing parent 
B)  babbling 
C)  separation anxiety 
D)  stranger anxiety B

Question 3

Some contemporary ethologists prefer the term "sensitive period" to "critical period" to convey

Accepted Answer

A)  greater sensitivity to children 
B)  more flexible boundaries 
C)  preprogrammed infant sensitivity 
D)  all of the above 
A)  greater sensitivity to children 
B)  more flexible boundaries 
C)  preprogrammed infant sensitivity 
D)  all of the above B

Question 4

Between about 2 and 3 months, social smiles are elicited

Accepted Answer

A)  by any human feature 
B)  primarily by caresses 
C)  primarily by faces in the frontal position 
D)  primarily by principal and secondary attachment figures 
A)  by any human feature 
B)  primarily by caresses 
C)  primarily by faces in the frontal position 
D)  primarily by principal and secondary attachment figures

Question 5

In a special discussion on the ethological approach to play, the textbook author says

Accepted Answer

A)  play seems present in all young mammals 
B)  play seems unique to humans and other primates 
C)  play is primarily a product of culture 
D)  Bowlby's theory of play was quite correct 
A)  play seems present in all young mammals 
B)  play seems unique to humans and other primates 
C)  play is primarily a product of culture 
D)  Bowlby's theory of play was quite correct

Question 6

Ainsworth

Accepted Answer

A)  is credited with the concept of using the parent as "a base of support" 
B)  considered Bowlby to be too preoccupied with evolutionary theory 
C)  could be criticized for basing all her ideas on white, middle class families 
D)  all of the above 
A)  is credited with the concept of using the parent as "a base of support" 
B)  considered Bowlby to be too preoccupied with evolutionary theory 
C)  could be criticized for basing all her ideas on white, middle class families 
D)  all of the above

Question 7

According to Darwin

Accepted Answer

A)  Wallace was wrong and Lamarck was right 
B)  evolution hinges on differential reproduction 
C)  newly learned skills are passed on to the next generation 
D)  evolution usually occurs in quick spurts 
A)  Wallace was wrong and Lamarck was right 
B)  evolution hinges on differential reproduction 
C)  newly learned skills are passed on to the next generation 
D)  evolution usually occurs in quick spurts

Question 8

Darwin believed that

Accepted Answer

A)  species evolved 
B)  humans and nonhuman animals share many traits 
C)  nonhuman animals can show intelligent behavior 
D)  all of the above 
A)  species evolved 
B)  humans and nonhuman animals share many traits 
C)  nonhuman animals can show intelligent behavior 
D)  all of the above

Question 9

According to Ainsworth, in the healthiest pattern of attachment, the child is

Accepted Answer

A)  able to explore without the mother's presence 
B)  securely attached 
C)  vigilant 
D)  cognitively gifted 
A)  able to explore without the mother's presence 
B)  securely attached 
C)  vigilant 
D)  cognitively gifted

Question 10

Ainsworth describes insecure-avoidant children as

Accepted Answer

A)  avoiding new situations whenever possible 
B)  avoiding strangers at all costs, but clinging to the mother 
C)  consistently independent in both the home and the Strange Situation 
D)  reacting defensively to the threat of maternal unresponsiveness 
A)  avoiding new situations whenever possible 
B)  avoiding strangers at all costs, but clinging to the mother 
C)  consistently independent in both the home and the Strange Situation 
D)  reacting defensively to the threat of maternal unresponsiveness

Question 11

Ethologists believe instincts

Accepted Answer

A)  are released by specific external stimuli 
B)  are released by a variety of internal and external stimuli 
C)  are what we ordinarily call "drives" 
D)  lack external stimuli 
A)  are released by specific external stimuli 
B)  are released by a variety of internal and external stimuli 
C)  are what we ordinarily call "drives" 
D)  lack external stimuli

Question 12

In their child rearing advice, Bowlby and Ainsworth say parents should

Accepted Answer

A)  be authoritative but not authoritarian 
B)  teach children early independence 
C)  take their cues from their children 
D)  master goal-corrected behavior 
A)  be authoritative but not authoritarian 
B)  teach children early independence 
C)  take their cues from their children 
D)  master goal-corrected behavior

Question 13

Bowlby believed that

Accepted Answer

A)  there is a form of imprinting in humans 
B)  instincts are never found in humans 
C)  Ainsworth's research was over-rated 
D)  all of the above 
A)  there is a form of imprinting in humans 
B)  instincts are never found in humans 
C)  Ainsworth's research was over-rated 
D)  all of the above

Question 14

In Bowlby's scheme, a baby restricts smiling to familiar people

Accepted Answer

A)  during the second phase 
B)  during the third phase 
C)  when she shows a fear of strangers 
D)  when she develops partnership behavior 
A)  during the second phase 
B)  during the third phase 
C)  when she shows a fear of strangers 
D)  when she develops partnership behavior

Question 15

Bowlby's theory draws on the work of

Accepted Answer

A)  Locke 
B)  Rousseau 
C)  Lorenz 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Locke 
B)  Rousseau 
C)  Lorenz 
D)  all of the above

Question 16

The Bowlby/Ainsworth advice on child-rearing is most similar to that of

Accepted Answer

A)  Locke 
B)  preformationism 
C)  Aries 
D)  Gesell 
A)  Locke 
B)  preformationism 
C)  Aries 
D)  Gesell

Question 17

Research suggests that the parents of insecure-ambivalent children

Accepted Answer

A)  are ambivalent about their desire to have children 
B)  are primarily ambivalent about their children's exploratory drive 
C)  are preoccupied with winning their own parents' love 
D)  repress most feelings concerning attachment 
A)  are ambivalent about their desire to have children 
B)  are primarily ambivalent about their children's exploratory drive 
C)  are preoccupied with winning their own parents' love 
D)  repress most feelings concerning attachment

Question 18

Our early ancestors seem to have foraged about in small groups and were threatened by large predators. Bowlby referred to this as

Accepted Answer

A)  the early period of attachment formation 
B)  early proximity-seeking behavior 
C)  the pre-technological period 
D)  the environment of adaptedness 
A)  the early period of attachment formation 
B)  early proximity-seeking behavior 
C)  the pre-technological period 
D)  the environment of adaptedness

Question 19

Darwin

Accepted Answer

A)  showed little promise as a child 
B)  was fascinated by wildlife 
C)  waited many years before publishing his famous work 
D)  all of the above 
A)  showed little promise as a child 
B)  was fascinated by wildlife 
C)  waited many years before publishing his famous work 
D)  all of the above

Question 20

Imprinting is most precisely defined as the process by which

Accepted Answer

A)  the releasing stimuli of instincts are filled in 
B)  animals learn to follow their principal attachment figures 
C)  animals learn the environment of adaptedness 
D)  both humans and animals learn the objects of later sexual desires 
A)  the releasing stimuli of instincts are filled in 
B)  animals learn to follow their principal attachment figures 
C)  animals learn the environment of adaptedness 
D)  both humans and animals learn the objects of later sexual desires

According to Bowlby, a human baby crawling after a parent

In Bolwby's scheme, which does not begin in the same phase of attachment?

Some contemporary ethologists prefer the term "sensitive period" to "critical period" to convey

Between about 2 and 3 months, social smiles are elicited

In a special discussion on the ethological approach to play, the textbook author says

Ainsworth

According to Darwin

Darwin believed that

According to Ainsworth, in the healthiest pattern of attachment, the child is

Ainsworth describes insecure-avoidant children as

Ethologists believe instincts

In their child rearing advice, Bowlby and Ainsworth say parents should

Bowlby believed that

In Bowlby's scheme, a baby restricts smiling to familiar people

Bowlby's theory draws on the work of

The Bowlby/Ainsworth advice on child-rearing is most similar to that of

Research suggests that the parents of insecure-ambivalent children

Our early ancestors seem to have foraged about in small groups and were threatened by large predators. Bowlby referred to this as

Darwin

Imprinting is most precisely defined as the process by which

Early Theories: Preformationism, Locke, and Rousseau

Gesells Maturational Theory

Montessoris Educational Philosophy

Werners Organismic and Comparative Theory

Piagets Cognitive-Developmental Theory

Kohlbergs Stages of Moral Development

Learning Theory: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner

Banduras Social Learning Theory

Vygotskys Social-Historical Theory of Cognitive Development

Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory

Erikson and the Eight Stages of Life

Mahlers Separationindividuation Theory

Bettelheim on Autism

Schachtel on Childhood Experiences

Jungs Theory of Adulthood

Chomksys Theory of Language Development

Conclusion: Humanistic Psychology and Developmental Theory

Filters

Exam 3: Ethological Theories: Darwin, Lorenz, Tinbergen, and Bowlby and Ainsworth

According to Bowlby, a human baby crawling after a parent

In Bolwby's scheme, which does not begin in the same phase of attachment?

Some contemporary ethologists prefer the term "sensitive period" to "critical period" to convey

Between about 2 and 3 months, social smiles are elicited

In a special discussion on the ethological approach to play, the textbook author says

Ainsworth

According to Darwin

Darwin believed that

According to Ainsworth, in the healthiest pattern of attachment, the child is

Ainsworth describes insecure-avoidant children as

Ethologists believe instincts

In their child rearing advice, Bowlby and Ainsworth say parents should

Bowlby believed that

In Bowlby's scheme, a baby restricts smiling to familiar people

Bowlby's theory draws on the work of

The Bowlby/Ainsworth advice on child-rearing is most similar to that of

Research suggests that the parents of insecure-ambivalent children

Our early ancestors seem to have foraged about in small groups and were threatened by large predators. Bowlby referred to this as

Darwin

Imprinting is most precisely defined as the process by which

Early Theories: Preformationism, Locke, and Rousseau

Gesells Maturational Theory

Montessoris Educational Philosophy

Werners Organismic and Comparative Theory

Piagets Cognitive-Developmental Theory

Kohlbergs Stages of Moral Development

Learning Theory: Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner

Banduras Social Learning Theory

Vygotskys Social-Historical Theory of Cognitive Development

Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory

Erikson and the Eight Stages of Life

Mahlers Separationindividuation Theory

Bettelheim on Autism

Schachtel on Childhood Experiences

Jungs Theory of Adulthood

Chomksys Theory of Language Development

Conclusion: Humanistic Psychology and Developmental Theory

Filters