Question 1

Which statement is an example of experience-expectant processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals are able to remember the details of a magazine article after they have read it. 
B)  Children who are born with cataracts that are not removed early enough will have permanently impaired vision. 
C)  Rats that are trained to use just one limb to get a food reward have increased dendritic material in the particular area of the motor cortex that controls the movement of that limb. 
D)  All of these statements are examples of experience-expectant processes. 
A)  Individuals are able to remember the details of a magazine article after they have read it. 
B)  Children who are born with cataracts that are not removed early enough will have permanently impaired vision. 
C)  Rats that are trained to use just one limb to get a food reward have increased dendritic material in the particular area of the motor cortex that controls the movement of that limb. 
D)  All of these statements are examples of experience-expectant processes. B

Question 2

Which effect(s) is/are an example of the relationship between the child's phenotype and the child's environment? Effect A: effect of the environment created by the child's parents on the child's behavior. Effect B: effect of the child's interests on the environment the child seeks out. Effect C: effect of the child's behavior on the parents' responses to the child.

Accepted Answer

A)  both effects A and B 
B)  both effects A and C 
C)  both effects B and C 
D)  effects A, B, and C 
A)  both effects A and B 
B)  both effects A and C 
C)  both effects B and C 
D)  effects A, B, and C C

Question 3

Describe the components of the neuron and explain how neurons transfer information to one another.

Accepted Answer

Neurons constitute the gray matter of the brain. These cells are specialized for sending and receiving messages between the brain and all parts of the body, as well as within the brain itself. Sensory neurons transmit information from sensory receptors that detect stimuli in the external environment or within the body. Motor neurons transmit information from the brain to muscles and glands; and interneurons act as intermediaries between sensory and motor neurons. All neurons are made up of three main components: (1) a cell body, which contains the basic biological material that keeps the neuron functioning; (2) dendrites, fibers that receive input from other cells and conduct it toward the cell body in the form of electrical impulses; and (3) an axon, a fiber that conducts electrical signals away from the cell body to connections with other neurons. Neurons communicate with one another at synapses, which are microscopic junctions between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendritic branches of another. In this communication process, electrical and chemical messages cross the synapses and cause the receiving neurons either to fire, sending a signal on to other neurons, or to be inhibited from firing.

Question 4

Which statement about genetics is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes are sections of chromosomes. 
B)  Chromosomes are sections of genes. 
C)  Chromosomes are sections of DNA. 
D)  DNA is a section of a gene. 
A)  Genes are sections of chromosomes. 
B)  Chromosomes are sections of genes. 
C)  Chromosomes are sections of DNA. 
D)  DNA is a section of a gene.

Question 5

Which part of the neuron conducts electrical impulses toward the cell body?

Accepted Answer

A)  axon 
B)  synapse 
C)  interneuron 
D)  dendrite 
A)  axon 
B)  synapse 
C)  interneuron 
D)  dendrite

Question 6

This type of testing is typically offered to those who have an increased likelihood of carrying the recessive gene for Tay Sachs.

Accepted Answer

A)  carrier genetic testing 
B)  genetic testing 
C)  newborn screening 
D)  pharmacogenomics testing 
A)  carrier genetic testing 
B)  genetic testing 
C)  newborn screening 
D)  pharmacogenomics testing

Question 7

Pamela and her mother both have a strong aversion to cheese. Consider these paths. Path A: Pamela genetically inherited "cheese aversion" from her mother. Path B: Pamela's mother's own genetically inherited "cheese aversion" led her to create a "cheese aversion" environment in which Pamela developed. Path C: Pamela's mother's aversion to cheese caused Pamela's genotype to change. Which path(s) could have caused this similarity between Pamela and her mother in their strong aversion to cheese?

Accepted Answer

A)  both paths A and B 
B)  both paths A and C 
C)  both paths B and C 
D)  path B only 
A)  both paths A and B 
B)  both paths A and C 
C)  both paths B and C 
D)  path B only

Question 8

A male zygote has the _____ pattern of sex chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  XX 
B)  XY 
C)  YY 
D)  XY or YY 
A)  XX 
B)  XY 
C)  YY 
D)  XY or YY

Question 9

Lenny is a very active toddler who began to crawl, pull himself up to a standing position, walk, climb, and run at a very early age. Describe the two general ways in which a child's phenotype "creates" his or her environment. Then provide specific examples of how Lenny may actively create his environment.

Accepted Answer

Children are active creators of the envi

Question 10

Testing fragments of fetal DNA that enter the mother's bloodstream as a form of prenatal testing is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  preimplantation genetic diagnosis. 
B)  noninvasive prenatal testing. 
C)  aneuploidy. 
D)  chorionic villus sampling. 
A)  preimplantation genetic diagnosis. 
B)  noninvasive prenatal testing. 
C)  aneuploidy. 
D)  chorionic villus sampling.

Question 11

The superior ability of adults who were born blind to discriminate changes in musical pitch is evidence of

Accepted Answer

A)  a sensitive period. 
B)  experience-dependent plasticity. 
C)  experience-expectant plasticity. 
D)  myelination. 
A)  a sensitive period. 
B)  experience-dependent plasticity. 
C)  experience-expectant plasticity. 
D)  myelination.

Question 12

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is MOST important for foresight and goal-directed behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal 
B)  parietal 
C)  frontal 
D)  occipital 
A)  temporal 
B)  parietal 
C)  frontal 
D)  occipital

Question 13

An important finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart is the extent of the

Accepted Answer

A)  similarity of the twins in a wide range of behavioral traits. 
B)  similarity of the twins in a wide range of physical traits. 
C)  differences between the twins on the vast majority of behavioral traits. 
D)  differences between the twins on many physical traits. 
A)  similarity of the twins in a wide range of behavioral traits. 
B)  similarity of the twins in a wide range of physical traits. 
C)  differences between the twins on the vast majority of behavioral traits. 
D)  differences between the twins on many physical traits.

Question 14

Which twins are LEAST similar in intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  identical twins in childhood 
B)  identical twins in adulthood 
C)  fraternal twins in childhood 
D)  fraternal twins in adulthood 
A)  identical twins in childhood 
B)  identical twins in adulthood 
C)  fraternal twins in childhood 
D)  fraternal twins in adulthood

Question 15

Which factor(s) is/are a direct contributor to a child's phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  the child's genotype and the parents' phenotypes 
B)  the child's environment 
C)  the parents' genotypes 
D)  the child's genotype and environment 
A)  the child's genotype and the parents' phenotypes 
B)  the child's environment 
C)  the parents' genotypes 
D)  the child's genotype and environment

Question 16

Down syndrome originates from

Accepted Answer

A)  chromosomal anomalies. 
B)  polygenic inheritance. 
C)  dominant-recessive patterns. 
D)  gene anomalies. 
A)  chromosomal anomalies. 
B)  polygenic inheritance. 
C)  dominant-recessive patterns. 
D)  gene anomalies.

Question 17

Which statement is the BEST evidence for the notion that individuals actively construct their environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Identical twins are quite similar in intelligence, regardless of whether they are reared together or apart. 
B)  Identical twins are more similar than are fraternal twins in intelligence. 
C)  Fraternal twins are more similar in intelligence when they are reared together than when they are reared apart. 
D)  Fraternal twins become less similar in intelligence as they get older. 
A)  Identical twins are quite similar in intelligence, regardless of whether they are reared together or apart. 
B)  Identical twins are more similar than are fraternal twins in intelligence. 
C)  Fraternal twins are more similar in intelligence when they are reared together than when they are reared apart. 
D)  Fraternal twins become less similar in intelligence as they get older.

Question 18

Undernutrition and malnutrition are almost always associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  poverty. 
B)  teenage mothers. 
C)  drug abuse and alcoholism. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  poverty. 
B)  teenage mothers. 
C)  drug abuse and alcoholism. 
D)  all of these.

Question 19

The research on the effects of abusive parenting on children with a particular genotype demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A)  child abuse is genetically inherited. 
B)  specific genetic risk factors can make some individuals more susceptible than others to particular environmental events. 
C)  some people have a greater extent of brain plasticity than do others. 
D)  children's phenotypes lead them to be active creators of their own environments. 
A)  child abuse is genetically inherited. 
B)  specific genetic risk factors can make some individuals more susceptible than others to particular environmental events. 
C)  some people have a greater extent of brain plasticity than do others. 
D)  children's phenotypes lead them to be active creators of their own environments.

Question 20

Which statement BEST characterizes current scientific thought on the human genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  The greatest portion of the genome is made up of what is now considered "junk" DNA. 
B)  A small part of the genome is made up of protein-coding genes, and a much larger part regulates the activity of genes. 
C)  The genome is split about evenly between protein-coding genes and "junk" DNA. 
D)  The majority of the genome is made up of protein-coding genes, and a much smaller part is made up of noncoding DNA. 
A)  The greatest portion of the genome is made up of what is now considered "junk" DNA. 
B)  A small part of the genome is made up of protein-coding genes, and a much larger part regulates the activity of genes. 
C)  The genome is split about evenly between protein-coding genes and "junk" DNA. 
D)  The majority of the genome is made up of protein-coding genes, and a much smaller part is made up of noncoding DNA.

Which statement is an example of experience-expectant processes?

Describe the components of the neuron and explain how neurons transfer information to one another.

Which statement about genetics is TRUE?

Which part of the neuron conducts electrical impulses toward the cell body?

This type of testing is typically offered to those who have an increased likelihood of carrying the recessive gene for Tay Sachs.

A male zygote has the _____ pattern of sex chromosomes.

Testing fragments of fetal DNA that enter the mother's bloodstream as a form of prenatal testing is referred to as

The superior ability of adults who were born blind to discriminate changes in musical pitch is evidence of

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is MOST important for foresight and goal-directed behavior?

An important finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart is the extent of the

Which twins are LEAST similar in intelligence?

Which factor(s) is/are a direct contributor to a child's phenotype?

Down syndrome originates from

Which statement is the BEST evidence for the notion that individuals actively construct their environment?

Undernutrition and malnutrition are almost always associated with

The research on the effects of abusive parenting on children with a particular genotype demonstrated that

Which statement BEST characterizes current scientific thought on the human genome?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 3: Biology and Behavior

Which statement is an example of experience-expectant processes?

Describe the components of the neuron and explain how neurons transfer information to one another.

Which statement about genetics is TRUE?

Which part of the neuron conducts electrical impulses toward the cell body?

This type of testing is typically offered to those who have an increased likelihood of carrying the recessive gene for Tay Sachs.

A male zygote has the _____ pattern of sex chromosomes.

Testing fragments of fetal DNA that enter the mother's bloodstream as a form of prenatal testing is referred to as

The superior ability of adults who were born blind to discriminate changes in musical pitch is evidence of

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is MOST important for foresight and goal-directed behavior?

An important finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart is the extent of the

Which twins are LEAST similar in intelligence?

Which factor(s) is/are a direct contributor to a child's phenotype?

Down syndrome originates from

Which statement is the BEST evidence for the notion that individuals actively construct their environment?

Undernutrition and malnutrition are almost always associated with

The research on the effects of abusive parenting on children with a particular genotype demonstrated that

Which statement BEST characterizes current scientific thought on the human genome?

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters