Question 1

Max was born a biological female but does not exclusively identify with being male or female. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  cisgender. 
B)  transgender. 
C)  genderqueer. 
D)  gender-fluid. 
A)  cisgender. 
B)  transgender. 
C)  genderqueer. 
D)  gender-fluid. C

Question 2

Which factor was NOT found by Brown and Bigler to affect whether children recognize gender discrimination?

Accepted Answer

A)  how gender typed their own behavior is 
B)  understanding cultural stereotypes 
C)  being able to make social comparisons 
D)  having a moral understanding of fairness and equity 
A)  how gender typed their own behavior is 
B)  understanding cultural stereotypes 
C)  being able to make social comparisons 
D)  having a moral understanding of fairness and equity A

Question 3

Research has indicated that Kohlberg was wrong about the

Accepted Answer

A)  sequence of children's understanding of gender. 
B)  existence of the gender constancy stage. 
C)  association between gender understanding and the understanding of conservation. 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  sequence of children's understanding of gender. 
B)  existence of the gender constancy stage. 
C)  association between gender understanding and the understanding of conservation. 
D)  None of the answers is correct. D

Question 4

Of the four cognitive theories of gender development discussed in the text, which one do you think explains the widest variety of gender differences? Describe the processes or components proposed by the theory that you think contribute to its superiority. Illustrate your point using a gender difference that is explained well by this theory, but that is not explained well by the other theories.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. The cogniti

Question 5

Which finding is NOT consistent with social identity theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Girls are more likely to engage in masculine-stereotyped behavior than boys are to engage in feminine-stereotyped behavior. 
B)  Gender-typing pressures are more rigid for girls than for boys. 
C)  Masculine-stereotyped characteristics are valued more highly than are feminine-stereotyped characteristics. 
D)  Boys are more likely than are girls to maintain group boundaries. 
A)  Girls are more likely to engage in masculine-stereotyped behavior than boys are to engage in feminine-stereotyped behavior. 
B)  Gender-typing pressures are more rigid for girls than for boys. 
C)  Masculine-stereotyped characteristics are valued more highly than are feminine-stereotyped characteristics. 
D)  Boys are more likely than are girls to maintain group boundaries.

Question 6

During which period does gender segregation appear?

Accepted Answer

A)  toddlerhood 
B)  preschool years 
C)  early childhood 
D)  middle childhood 
A)  toddlerhood 
B)  preschool years 
C)  early childhood 
D)  middle childhood

Question 7

Which difference is the BEST example of children's active role in the development of gender-typed behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  preschoolers' typical choices of Halloween costumes 
B)  parents' setting up of gender-typed environments 
C)  boys' greater tendency to call out answers in class 
D)  girls' greater linguistic ability 
A)  preschoolers' typical choices of Halloween costumes 
B)  parents' setting up of gender-typed environments 
C)  boys' greater tendency to call out answers in class 
D)  girls' greater linguistic ability

Question 8

Jacob's dad often teaches his son how to make minor car repairs. According to social cognitive theory, this is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  enactive experience. 
B)  modeling. 
C)  tuition. 
D)  collaboration. 
A)  enactive experience. 
B)  modeling. 
C)  tuition. 
D)  collaboration.

Question 9

By about _____ of age, infants/children are first able to distinguish females and males, usually on the basis of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  15 to 18 months; clothing 
B)  6 to 9 months; hairstyle 
C)  12 to 14 months; voice 
D)  2 to 3 years; behavior 
A)  15 to 18 months; clothing 
B)  6 to 9 months; hairstyle 
C)  12 to 14 months; voice 
D)  2 to 3 years; behavior

Question 10

Describe the development of children's understanding of gender discrimination. What factors are involved in this understanding? Why might children's beliefs about gender discrimination not align with their behavior?

Accepted Answer

An awareness of when gender discriminati

Question 11

According to Kohlberg, which child's behavior on a Piagetian conservation task indicates that she has likely achieved gender constancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Melinda, who believes that a row of pennies that has been spread out has more pennies than it originally did 
B)  Alicia, who intently watches the liquid being poured from one container to another to understand where the extra liquid is going 
C)  Jasmine, who states that a ball of clay that has been rolled out into a hot dog shape has more clay after the change 
D)  Stephanie, who understands that she is a girl and that nothing will change that. 
A)  Melinda, who believes that a row of pennies that has been spread out has more pennies than it originally did 
B)  Alicia, who intently watches the liquid being poured from one container to another to understand where the extra liquid is going 
C)  Jasmine, who states that a ball of clay that has been rolled out into a hot dog shape has more clay after the change 
D)  Stephanie, who understands that she is a girl and that nothing will change that.

Question 12

Gender differences in direct aggression appear to be influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  higher levels of empathy in boys than in girls. 
B)  better emotional regulation among boys than among girls. 
C)  gender-typed goals regarding assertion and affiliation. 
D)  parental expectations for direct aggression in girls than in boys. 
A)  higher levels of empathy in boys than in girls. 
B)  better emotional regulation among boys than among girls. 
C)  gender-typed goals regarding assertion and affiliation. 
D)  parental expectations for direct aggression in girls than in boys.

Question 13

Samantha's mother is teaching her how to properly wash dishes. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  tuition. 
B)  enactive experience. 
C)  typicality. 
D)  observation. 
A)  tuition. 
B)  enactive experience. 
C)  typicality. 
D)  observation.

Question 14

Through the process of ingroup assimilation, a young girl will

Accepted Answer

A)  be expected to demonstrate the characteristics that are associated with being a girl and will come to conform to norms for girls. 
B)  be tempted by males' higher social status to demonstrate gender-neutral characteristics. 
C)  perceive other girls and the characteristics associated with being a girl as superior to boys and the characteristics associated with being a boy. 
D)  evaluate other girls and characteristics associated with girls as superior to boys. 
A)  be expected to demonstrate the characteristics that are associated with being a girl and will come to conform to norms for girls. 
B)  be tempted by males' higher social status to demonstrate gender-neutral characteristics. 
C)  perceive other girls and the characteristics associated with being a girl as superior to boys and the characteristics associated with being a boy. 
D)  evaluate other girls and characteristics associated with girls as superior to boys.

Question 15

An effect size is typically considered large when the overlap between male and female scores on a particular variable is less than

Accepted Answer

A)  53%. 
B)  42%. 
C)  29%. 
D)  16%. 
A)  53%. 
B)  42%. 
C)  29%. 
D)  16%.

Question 16

Leigh is considered a "tomboy" according to many of her peers. This indicates that she is

Accepted Answer

A)  gender nonconforming. 
B)  transgender. 
C)  genderqueer. 
D)  gender-fluid. 
A)  gender nonconforming. 
B)  transgender. 
C)  genderqueer. 
D)  gender-fluid.

Question 17

According to the social cognitive theory, learning occurs through all of these EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  tuition. 
B)  enactive experience. 
C)  typicality. 
D)  observation. 
A)  tuition. 
B)  enactive experience. 
C)  typicality. 
D)  observation.

Question 18

Which variable is NOT a factor in the differences between girls' and boys' intellectual capabilities?

Accepted Answer

A)  social expectations 
B)  biological differences 
C)  peer socialization 
D)  Research has not found differences in intellectual capabilities between girls and boys. 
A)  social expectations 
B)  biological differences 
C)  peer socialization 
D)  Research has not found differences in intellectual capabilities between girls and boys.

Question 19

Which assertion provides the BEST support for the perspective of gender schema theory on gender differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Boys have more opportunity to observe the behavior of men, and girls have more opportunity to observe the behavior of women. 
B)  Girls and boys have different play styles from a very early age, and gender segregation is initiated by children starting at least by preschool age. 
C)  Children remember gender-consistent information better than they remember gender-inconsistent information. 
D)  Boys are more likely than girls to engage in rough-and-tumble play. 
A)  Boys have more opportunity to observe the behavior of men, and girls have more opportunity to observe the behavior of women. 
B)  Girls and boys have different play styles from a very early age, and gender segregation is initiated by children starting at least by preschool age. 
C)  Children remember gender-consistent information better than they remember gender-inconsistent information. 
D)  Boys are more likely than girls to engage in rough-and-tumble play.

Question 20

The active process during development whereby children's cognitions lead them to perceive the world and to act in accord with their expectations and beliefs is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  self-socialization. 
B)  gender schema filter. 
C)  interest filter. 
D)  gender typing. 
A)  self-socialization. 
B)  gender schema filter. 
C)  interest filter. 
D)  gender typing.

Max was born a biological female but does not exclusively identify with being male or female. This is an example of

Which factor was NOT found by Brown and Bigler to affect whether children recognize gender discrimination?

Research has indicated that Kohlberg was wrong about the

Which finding is NOT consistent with social identity theory?

During which period does gender segregation appear?

Which difference is the BEST example of children's active role in the development of gender-typed behavior?

Jacob's dad often teaches his son how to make minor car repairs. According to social cognitive theory, this is an example of

By about _ of age, infants/children are first able to distinguish females and males, usually on the basis of _.

Describe the development of children's understanding of gender discrimination. What factors are involved in this understanding? Why might children's beliefs about gender discrimination not align with their behavior?

According to Kohlberg, which child's behavior on a Piagetian conservation task indicates that she has likely achieved gender constancy?

Gender differences in direct aggression appear to be influenced by

Samantha's mother is teaching her how to properly wash dishes. This is an example of

Through the process of ingroup assimilation, a young girl will

An effect size is typically considered large when the overlap between male and female scores on a particular variable is less than

Leigh is considered a "tomboy" according to many of her peers. This indicates that she is

According to the social cognitive theory, learning occurs through all of these EXCEPT

Which variable is NOT a factor in the differences between girls' and boys' intellectual capabilities?

Which assertion provides the BEST support for the perspective of gender schema theory on gender differences?

The active process during development whereby children's cognitions lead them to perceive the world and to act in accord with their expectations and beliefs is referred to as

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 15: Gender Development

Max was born a biological female but does not exclusively identify with being male or female. This is an example of

Which factor was NOT found by Brown and Bigler to affect whether children recognize gender discrimination?

Research has indicated that Kohlberg was wrong about the

Which finding is NOT consistent with social identity theory?

During which period does gender segregation appear?

Which difference is the BEST example of children's active role in the development of gender-typed behavior?

Jacob's dad often teaches his son how to make minor car repairs. According to social cognitive theory, this is an example of

By about _____ of age, infants/children are first able to distinguish females and males, usually on the basis of _____.

Describe the development of children's understanding of gender discrimination. What factors are involved in this understanding? Why might children's beliefs about gender discrimination not align with their behavior?

According to Kohlberg, which child's behavior on a Piagetian conservation task indicates that she has likely achieved gender constancy?

Gender differences in direct aggression appear to be influenced by

Samantha's mother is teaching her how to properly wash dishes. This is an example of

Through the process of ingroup assimilation, a young girl will

An effect size is typically considered large when the overlap between male and female scores on a particular variable is less than

Leigh is considered a "tomboy" according to many of her peers. This indicates that she is

According to the social cognitive theory, learning occurs through all of these EXCEPT

Which variable is NOT a factor in the differences between girls' and boys' intellectual capabilities?

Which assertion provides the BEST support for the perspective of gender schema theory on gender differences?

The active process during development whereby children's cognitions lead them to perceive the world and to act in accord with their expectations and beliefs is referred to as

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behavior

Theories of Cognitive Development

Perception, Action, and Learning in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Conclusions

Filters

By about _ of age, infants/children are first able to distinguish females and males, usually on the basis of _.